Reputation-Seeking by a Government Agency in Europe

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Baekkeskov
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Pandemic ◽  
Swine Influenza ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Health Agency ◽  
Regional Governance ◽  
Federal Agencies ◽  
European Context ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
2009 H1n1 ◽  
Depth Interviews

Reputation-seeking can explain some decisions of U.S. federal agencies. However, it has remained unclear whether it could be used in the European context where agencies have proliferated in national and regional governance in the past few decades. This article shows that reputation-seeking can occur at autonomous agencies in the European context. A unique participant-observational study of an international public health agency acting in response to the 2009 H1N1 “swine” influenza pandemic provides bases for this conclusion. It adds empirical support for the proposition using real-time observations of and in-depth interviews on the agency’s decision-making processes.

scholarly journals Key Molecular Factors in Hemagglutinin and PB2 Contribute to Efficient Transmission of the 2009 H1N1 Pandemic Influenza Virus

2012 ◽  
Vol 86 (18) ◽  
pp. 9666-9674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Qianyi Zhang ◽  
Yuwei Gao ◽  
Xijun He ◽  
Huihui Kong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Influenza Pandemic ◽  
Swine Influenza Virus ◽  
Swine Influenza ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Human Virus ◽  
2009 H1n1 ◽  
Droplet Transmission

Animal influenza viruses pose a clear threat to public health. Transmissibility among humans is a prerequisite for a novel influenza virus to cause a human pandemic. A novel reassortant swine influenza virus acquired sustained human-to-human transmissibility and caused the 2009 influenza pandemic. However, the molecular aspects of influenza virus transmission remain poorly understood. Here, we show that an amino acid in hemagglutinin (HA) is important for the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic virus (2009/H1N1) to bind to human virus receptors and confer respiratory droplet transmissibility in mammals. We found that the change from glutamine (Q) to arginine (R) at position 226 of HA, which causes a switch in receptor-binding preference from human α-2,6 to avian α-2,3 sialic acid, resulted in a virus incapable of respiratory droplet transmission in guinea pigs and reduced the virus's ability to replicate in the lungs of ferrets. The change from alanine (A) to threonine (T) at position 271 of PB2 also abolished the virus's respiratory droplet transmission in guinea pigs, and this mutation, together with the HA Q226R mutation, abolished the virus's respiratory droplet transmission in ferrets. Furthermore, we found that amino acid 271A of PB2 plays a key role in virus acquisition of the mutation at position 226 of HA that confers human receptor recognition. Our results highlight the importance of both the PB2 and HA genes on the adaptation and transmission of influenza viruses in humans and provide important insights for monitoring and evaluating the pandemic potential of field influenza viruses.

scholarly journals Clinical and economic analysis of the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic among pregnant Korean women

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 1136-1144
Author(s):  
Won Suk Choi ◽  
Min Joo Choi ◽  
Ji Yoon Noh ◽  
Joon Young Song ◽  
Woo Joo Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Influenza Pandemic ◽  
H1n1 Influenza ◽  
Korean Women ◽  
2009 H1n1 ◽  
H1n1 Influenza Pandemic

Family-Centered Care in the Transition to Early Hearing Intervention

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-45
Author(s):  
Mansoureh Nickbakht ◽  
Carly Meyer ◽  
Nerina Scarinci ◽  
Rachael Beswick
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Family Centered Care ◽  
Timely Access ◽  
Centered Care ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Family Centered ◽  
Depth Interviews

Abstract This study aimed to explore and compare families’ and professionals’ perspectives on the implementation of family-centered care (FCC) (Moeller, Carr, Seaver, Stredler-Brown, & Holzinger, 2013) during the period between diagnosis of hearing loss (HL) and enrollment in early intervention (EI). A convergent mixed-methods study incorporating self-report questionnaires and semistructured in-depth interviews was used. Seventeen family members of children with HL and the 11 professionals who support these families participated in this study. The results suggested that the services engaged during the transition period partially adhered to the principles of FCC, including the provision of timely access to EI services and provision of emotional and social support. However, areas for improvement identified include strengthening family/professional partnerships, shared decision-making processes, collaborative teamwork, program monitoring, and consistency in the provision of information and support. Qualitative and quantitative research findings also indicated a lack of consistency in service provision during the transition period.

scholarly journals The Real Impact of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (covid-19) on the Pregnancy Outcome

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (05) ◽  
pp. 303-304
Author(s):  
Ana Katherine Gonçalves
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Influenza Pandemic ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
H1n1 Influenza ◽  
Clinical Impact ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Intrauterine Transmission ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
2009 H1n1

AbstractThe COVID-19 outbreak is increasing around the world in the number of cases, deaths, and affected countries. Currently, the knowledge regarding the clinical impact of COVID-19 on maternal, fetal, and placental aspects of pregnancy is minimal. Although the elderly and men were the most affected population, in previous situations, such as the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic and the Ebola epidemic, pregnant women were more likely to develop complications than nonpregnant women. There are unanswered questions specific to pregnant women, such as whether pregnant women are more severely affected and whether intrauterine transmission occurs. Additional information is needed to inform key decisions, such as whether pregnant health care workers should receive special consideration, whether to separate infected mothers and their newborns, and whether it is safe for infected women to breastfeed.

scholarly journals Origins of the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic in swine in Mexico

eLife ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignacio Mena ◽  
Martha I Nelson ◽  
Francisco Quezada-Monroy ◽  
Jayeeta Dutta ◽  
Refugio Cortes-Fernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Influenza Pandemic ◽  
H1n1 Influenza ◽  
Central Mexico ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Viral Reservoirs ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Conflicting Evidence ◽  
2009 H1n1 ◽  
H1n1 Influenza Pandemic

Asia is considered an important source of influenza A virus (IAV) pandemics, owing to large, diverse viral reservoirs in poultry and swine. However, the zoonotic origins of the 2009 A/H1N1 influenza pandemic virus (pdmH1N1) remain unclear, due to conflicting evidence from swine and humans. There is strong evidence that the first human outbreak of pdmH1N1 occurred in Mexico in early 2009. However, no related swine viruses have been detected in Mexico or any part of the Americas, and to date the most closely related ancestor viruses were identified in Asian swine. Here, we use 58 new whole-genome sequences from IAVs collected in Mexican swine to establish that the swine virus responsible for the 2009 pandemic evolved in central Mexico. This finding highlights how the 2009 pandemic arose from a region not considered a pandemic risk, owing to an expansion of IAV diversity in swine resulting from long-distance live swine trade.

scholarly journals Resource Burden at Children’s Hospitals Experiencing Surge Volumes During the Spring 2009 H1N1 Influenza Pandemic

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion R. Sills ◽  
Matthew Hall ◽  
Harold K. Simon ◽  
Evan S. Fieldston ◽  
Nicholas Walter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Pandemic ◽  
H1n1 Influenza ◽  
Children's Hospitals ◽  
Children’S Hospitals ◽  
2009 H1n1 ◽  
H1n1 Influenza Pandemic
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document