Competing Public Values Amidst Fiscal Crisis: The Case of State Takeover System in Michigan

2021 ◽  
pp. 009539972110611
Author(s):  
Kyu-Nahm Jun ◽  
Alisa Moldavanova
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Fiscal Crisis ◽  
Democratic Values ◽  
Public Values ◽  
State Takeover ◽  
Emergency Managers ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Decision Making Processes

The article analyzes contested reasoning and public values conflict in the state takeover of municipalities via emergency managers (EM) to address fiscal crisis. We investigate the following questions: (1) which public values are associated with the EM intervention strategies?; (2) is there a competition among those values? A content analysis of nearly 500 official documents in four Michigan municipalities reveals that EM interventions reflect a strive for fiscal accountability and legality at the expense of democratic values. This study contributes to the growing body of research on public values, and it advances our understanding of decision-making processes under stress.

scholarly journals Decision Biases and Heuristics Among Emergency Managers: Just Like the Public They Manage For?

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 292-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick S. Roberts ◽  
Kris Wernstedt
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Structured Decision Making ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Managers ◽  
Emergency Managers ◽  
Decision Biases ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Outcome Bias ◽  
Attribution Bias

We present evidence that emergency managers exhibit some of the same decision biases, sensitivity to framing, and heuristics found in studies of the general public, even when making decisions in their area of expertise. Our national survey of county-level emergency managers finds that managers appear more risk averse when the outcomes of actions are framed as gains than when equivalent outcomes are framed as losses, a finding that is consistent with prospect theory. We also find evidence that the perceived actions of emergency managers in neighboring jurisdictions affect the choices a manager makes. In addition, our managers show evidence of attribution bias, outcome bias, and difficulties processing numerical information, particularly probabilities compared to frequencies. Each of these departures from perfect rationality points to potential shortfalls in public managers’ decision making. We suggest opportunities to improve decision making through reframing problems, providing training in structured decision-making processes, and employing different choice architectures to nudge behavior in a beneficial direction.

Co-Creation of Public Values

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-41
Author(s):  
Dina von Heimburg ◽  
Ottar Ness ◽  
Jacob Storch
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Justice ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Social Roles ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Active Citizenship ◽  
Public Values ◽  
Vital Importance ◽  
Decision Making Processes

Well-being is of vital importance for individuals as well as society at large. UNs Sustainability Goal #17, ‘Partnership for the Goals', support co-creation and co-production as necessary approaches to reach public values such as citizenship, social justice, and well-being. However, co-creation and co-production is not enough. It is necessary to address who participates in co-creation, how they participate, and how participation affects outcomes. Inclusive participation in everyday life, public services, and democracy is crucial to achieve active citizenship and well-being for all. This chapter will discuss how voices of citizens in marginalized and vulnerable life situations needs to be included and recognized in democracy and public sector practices as well as in decision-making processes. The chapter suggests how public sector organisations can promote active citizenship, valued social roles, and well-being through participation in co-creation of public values, placing well-being for all and social justice at the forefront of public value co-creation.

Co-Creation of Public Values

2022 ◽  
pp. 1371-1392
Author(s):  
Dina von Heimburg ◽  
Ottar Ness ◽  
Jacob Storch
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Justice ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Social Roles ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Active Citizenship ◽  
Public Values ◽  
Vital Importance ◽  
Decision Making Processes

Well-being is of vital importance for individuals as well as society at large. UNs Sustainability Goal #17, ‘Partnership for the Goals', support co-creation and co-production as necessary approaches to reach public values such as citizenship, social justice, and well-being. However, co-creation and co-production is not enough. It is necessary to address who participates in co-creation, how they participate, and how participation affects outcomes. Inclusive participation in everyday life, public services, and democracy is crucial to achieve active citizenship and well-being for all. This chapter will discuss how voices of citizens in marginalized and vulnerable life situations needs to be included and recognized in democracy and public sector practices as well as in decision-making processes. The chapter suggests how public sector organisations can promote active citizenship, valued social roles, and well-being through participation in co-creation of public values, placing well-being for all and social justice at the forefront of public value co-creation.

The Impact of Fiscal Crisis on Decision-Making Processes in European Governments: Dynamics of a Centralization Cascade

2015 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 842-852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ringa Raudla ◽  
James W. Douglas ◽  
Tiina Randma-Liiv ◽  
Riin Savi
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Fiscal Crisis ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Eliciting public values on health inequalities: missing evidence for policy windows?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil McHugh
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Health Inequalities ◽  
Stated Preference ◽  
Health Policies ◽  
Public Values ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Policy Windows ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Uk

Background: There is a widening health divide in the UK despite health inequalities being a longstanding subject of policy and research. New types of evidence are needed.Key points for discussion: Knowledge of public values for non-health policies and their associated (non-)health outcomes is currently missing from decision-making processes. Eliciting public values using stated preference techniques can provide insights on what the general public would be willing to give up for different distributions of (non-)health outcomes and the policies that can achieve them. To understand the role this evidence could have in decision-making processes, Kingdon’s multiple streams analysis (MSA) is used as a policy lens to explore how evidence of public values could affect policy processes for ways to tackle health inequalities.Conclusions and implications: This paper outlines how evidence of public values could be elicited through the use of stated preference techniques and suggests this could facilitate the creation of policy windows for tackling health inequalities. Additionally, Kingdon’s MSA helps make explicit six crosscutting issues when generating this new form of evidence. This suggests the need to explore reasons for public values and how decision makers would use such evidence. With an awareness of these issues, evidence on public values has the potential to support upstream policies to tackle health inequalities.<br />Key messages<br /><ul><li>UK health inequalities are widening despite being a longstanding subject of policy and research;</li><br /><li>We are missing evidence of public values for non-health policies and their (non-)health outcomes;</li><br /><li>Kingdon’s MSA is used to consider the role this evidence could have in decision-making processes;</li><br /><li>This evidence could facilitate the creation of policy windows for tackling health inequalities.</li></ul>

Leadership, Public Values, and Trust in Emergency Management

2019 ◽  
pp. 66-88
Author(s):  
Augustine Nduka Eneanya
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Emergency Management ◽  
Team Leadership ◽  
Public Values ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Emergency Managers ◽  
Chain Of Command ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Right ◽  
Share Information

In today's environment, emergency managers get things done through team leadership. Good leaders know how to follow others when the situation calls for it. Being the right kind of leader is critical to getting committed and engage followers. The chapter argues that managers build trust into decision making during emergencies; when managers set up the right conditions for the team to thrive, it results a better outcome. The chapter further argues that when managers share information both up and down the chain of command and make their intention clear about what winning looks like, team members are able to use their own discretion and make decisions that support the mission. The chapter concludes that an effective expression of the manager's intent must be clear and concise of what the team must do to succeed and achieve the desired end state. The manager must build trust in decision making among the team to achieve better results.

scholarly journals Twenty Challenges in Incident Planning

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgios Marios Karagiannis ◽  
Costas Synolakis
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Time Constraints ◽  
Interagency Coordination ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
Emergency Managers ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Intuitive Decision Making ◽  
Crisis Managers

Abstract Disasters create overwhelming demands to affected communities and pose unique problems that complicate efforts of orchestrating the response. It is in such environments of uncertainty, operational friction, time-constraints and the need for interagency coordination that disaster and crisis managers are required to develop incident plans to address multiple demands. Based on observations from 50 disaster exercises, we have identified twenty critical points in incident planning, that is, those incident planning activities which are most challenging for emergency managers, are poorly implemented or otherwise constitute an area for improvement. The most challenging components of the incident planning process were information gathering from the field, running estimates of the situation, response-generated demands, resource capabilities and mobilization time, course of action development and analysis, and decision-making under uncertainty. In addition, this study identified three good practices in incident planning. First, the process is iterative and planners revisit several steps in a back-and-forth fashion. Second, both rational and intuitive decision-making processes are likely to be used during the course of any one incident, based on the time available for planning. Third, better plans are produced when flexibility is built into courses of action to address expected developments of situation or when decision-making is decentralized.

Leadership, Public Values, and Trust in Emergency Management

2018 ◽  
pp. 61-82
Author(s):  
Augustine Nduka Eneanya
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Emergency Management ◽  
Team Leadership ◽  
Public Values ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Emergency Managers ◽  
Chain Of Command ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Right ◽  
Share Information

In today's environment, emergency managers get things done through team leadership. Good leaders know how to follow others when the situation calls for it. Being the right kind of leader is critical to getting committed and engage followers. The chapter argues that managers build trust into decision making during emergencies; when managers set up the right conditions for the team to thrive, it results a better outcome. The chapter further argues that when managers share information both up and down the chain of command and make their intention clear about what winning looks like, team members are able to use their own discretion and make decisions that support the mission. The chapter concludes that an effective expression of the manager's intent must be clear and concise of what the team must do to succeed and achieve the desired end state. The manager must build trust in decision making among the team to achieve better results.

scholarly journals O ensino da tática e da técnica no futebol: concepção de treinadores das categorias de base (La enseñanza de táctica y técnica en el fútbol: conocimientos de entrenadores de categorías de formación) (Teaching tactics and technique in football: conceptions

Retos ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 112-117
Author(s):  
Otávio Bettega ◽  
Alcides Scaglia ◽  
Juarez Nascimento ◽  
Sérgio Ibáñez ◽  
Larissa Galatti
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Technical Training ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Technical Aspects ◽  
Central Task ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Technical Issues ◽  
And Training

O desenvolvimento de conteúdos tático-técnicos no processo de ensino-treino do futebol é atribuição fundamental do treinador, buscando coordenar e orientar possíveis ações de jogo dos atletas. Assim, o artigo objetiva analisar a concepção de treinadores das categorias de base de um clube de elite do futebol brasileiro sobre aspectos técnicos e táticos do plano, do treino e do jogo. Participaram de entrevista semiestruturada oito treinadores do sub-10 ao sub-17, sendo o tratamento das informações realizado por meio da análise de conteúdo. Nas temáticas de plano e treino, sete treinadores investigados visualizam e desenvolvem a técnica de forma descontextualizada da tática. Contraditoriamente, na temática referente ao jogo os treinadores avaliam o contexto tático do jogo, não atribuindo relevância para o aspecto técnico. Portanto, torna-se relevante o treinador ter coerência e compreender o processo de planejar, treinar e jogar de forma complementar, contextualizando o desenvolvimento da técnica e da tática.Resumen. El desarrollo de los contenidos táctico-técnicos en el proceso de enseñanza-entrenamiento del fútbol configura tarea central del entrenador, objetivando coordinar y orientar posibles acciones de juego de sus deportistas. Como un paisaje complejo que incluye constantemente el afrontamiento a los problemas tácticos-técnicos. En este sentido, se hace necesario que el entrenador comprenda estos problemas para que pueda guiar acciones tomadas por los jugadores. Así, esta investigación tiene como objetivo analizar la concepción de los entrenadores de las categorías inferiores de un club de elite del fútbol brasileño en los aspectos técnicos y tácticos del plan, el entrenamiento y el partido. Participaron de una entrevista semiestructura ocho entrenadores (del sub-10 al sub-17), y el tratamiento de datos realizados por el análisis de contenido. En las categorías plan y entrenamiento predominó la percepción y enseñanza de la técnica descontextualizada de la táctica. Contradictoriamente, en la categoría juego los entrenadores evalúan el contexto táctico del juego, sin valorar al aspecto técnico. Por lo tanto, se hace importante para el entrenador tener consistencia y comprender el proceso de planificación, entrenamiento y el juego de una manera complementaria, contextualizando el desarrollo de la técnica y la táctica. Abstract. Coaching tactical-technical competences is a central task for soccer coaches, as it aims to better organize athletes’ actions during games. In this sense, it becomes necessary for coaches to understand such problems, to stimulate players’ better decision-making processes. Therefore, this paper aims to analyze youth category soccer coaches´ conceptions about tactical and technical issues in planning, training, and competition, in an elite Brazilian soccer club. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight coaches (from U-10 to U-17); data analysis was performed through content analysis. In planning and training topics, most of the coaches view and develop technical training separated form tactical aspects. Contradictorily, in the theme referring to competition coaches evaluated the tactical context of games, whereas they considered technical aspects as non-relevant. Therefore, being coherent and understanding the processes of planning, coaching and playing in a complementary way, contextualizing the development of tactical and technical, becomes essential for any youth category coach.

scholarly journals New Zealand media camouflage political lobbying

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-158
Author(s):  
Catherine Strong ◽  
Fran Tyler
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
The Public ◽  
Government Decision ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
The Media

Political lobbyists are a part of government decision-making processes, and many countries have stringent regulations to ensure their activities are somewhat transparent, especially as some use ethically questionable tactics. In New Zealand, however, there are no similar legislative regulations and lobbyists can stay undetected while trying to influence policymaking.  More concerning, however, is that the results of this study indicates that lobbyists are also able to skirt around scrutiny in New Zealand media because of current journalism practices.  This research’s content analysis indicates the media neglects to identify lobby organisations, thereby allowing them to operate without detection of their agenda, leaving the public unaware of who is influencing decision makers.    

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