scholarly journals AIDS: Neurological Opportunist Infections in Central London

1989 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 278-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
R J Guiloff
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Herpes Zoster ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Cryptococcus Neoformans ◽  
Jc Virus ◽  
Cns Infection ◽  
System Involvement ◽  
Opportunist Infection

Twenty six (41%) of 64 central London cases of AIDS with nervous system involvement during the course of the illness had neurological opportunist infection. Cytomegalovirus and Toxoplasma gondii were the commonest agents in 22 cases with central nervous system (CNS) infection. Eight cases had herpes zoster radiculopathy. Other infections included those caused by Cryptococcus neoformans, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and papova JC virus. Prognosis was generally poor, irrespective of whether the opportunist infection was treatable.

scholarly journals Anisocoria, An Unusual Physical Exam Finding Leading to a Concurrent Diagnosis of Cerebral Toxoplasmosis and HIV/AIDS

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Ivanka Vante ◽  
◽  
Melissa Matheus ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Cns Infection ◽  
Cerebral Toxoplasmosis ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Physical Exam Finding ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Cerebral toxoplasmosis is the most common opportunistic central nervous system (CNS) infection, affecting patients with advanced/untreated acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Cerebral toxoplasmosis is caused by the parasite Toxoplasma gondii typically and it usually occurs in immunecompromised patients with a CD4 count below 100cell/microL [1,2]. Left untreated, symptomatic patients can progress to coma within days to weeks, significantly increasing rates of this population’s morbidity and mortality. Cerebral toxoplasmosis is rarely encountered before the diagnosis of HIV infection is established, which is why seemingly benign neurological complaints can be easily overlooked.

scholarly journals The spectrum of computerized tomography (CT) findings in central nervous system (CNS) infection due to Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii in immunocompetent children

2002 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 283-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria do Perpétuo Socorro Costa CORRÊA ◽  
Luiz Carlos SEVERO ◽  
Flávio de Mattos OLIVEIRA ◽  
Klaus IRION ◽  
Alberto Thomaz LONDERO
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cryptococcus Neoformans ◽  
Positive Culture ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Cns Infection ◽  
Cranial Ct ◽  
Nuchal Rigidity ◽  
Diffuse Atrophy

Cranial CT scans of eleven immunocompetent children with central nervous system (CNS) infection due to Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii were retrospectively reviewed. These children had an average age of 8.8 years and positive culture for C. n. var. gattii in cerebrospinal fluid. The most common signs and symptoms were headache, fever, nuchal rigidity, nausea and vomiting. No normal cranial CT was detected in any patient. Hypodense nodules were observed in all patients . The remaining scan abnormalities were as follows: nine had diffuse atrophy, six had hydrocephalus, and five had hydrocephalus coexistent with diffuse atrophy.

Neues zu opportunistischen Infektionen des zentralen Nervensystems bei iatrogener Immunsuppression

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (05) ◽  
pp. 370-380
Author(s):  
Gabriele Arendt ◽  
Matthias Maschke
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Cryptococcus Neoformans ◽  
Jc Virus ◽  
Nocardia Asteroides ◽  
Bakterielle Infektionen ◽  
Opportunistische Infektionen

ZusammenfassungOpportunistische Infektionen des zentralen Nervensystems (ZNS) mit infolge einer iatrogenen Immunsuppression auftretenden Virus-, Parasiten-, Pilz- oder Bakterien-induzierten Erkrankungen sind bei der steigenden Zahl an Patienten mit Organtransplantationen oder immunmodulierenden Therapien von großer medizinischer Bedeutung. Hauptsächliche Anwender dieser modernen Behandlungsformen sind neben der Transplantationsmedizin die Dermatologie (Interferone, Rituximab, Fingolimod u. a.), Hämato-/Onkologie (Rituximab u. a.), Neurologie (Beta-Interferon, Glatirameracetat, Natalizumab, Rituximab, Teriflunomid, Fingolimod, Alemtuzumab, Daclizumab u. a.) und Rheumatologie (Rituximab u. a.).Das Keimspektrum bei iatrogener Immunsuppression in Europa umfasst in der Hauptsache Viren der Herpesgruppe sowie insbesondere bei immunmodulatorisch behandelten Patienten das JC-Virus (JCV); an Pilzerregern sind Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida albicans und Cryptococcus neoformans von Bedeutung. Eine wichtige parasitäre Infektion ist die mit Toxoplasma gondii (T. g.). Typische bakterielle Infektionen des iatrogen immunkompromittierten Patienten werden durch Nocardia asteroides, Listeria monocytogenes und Mycobacterium tuberculosis hervorgerufen.Es werden typische diagnostische Konstellationen und Therapien vorgestellt.

scholarly journals Serum and cerebrospinal fluid neurofilament light chain in patients with central nervous system infections caused by varicella-zoster virus

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 719-726
Author(s):  
Tobias Tyrberg ◽  
Staffan Nilsson ◽  
Kaj Blennow ◽  
Henrik Zetterberg ◽  
Anna Grahn
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Herpes Zoster ◽  
Varicella Zoster Virus ◽  
Light Chain ◽  
Cns Infection ◽  
Neurofilament Light Chain ◽  
Neurofilament Light ◽  
Varicella Zoster

Abstract Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is a common cause of viral central nervous system (CNS) infection, and patients may suffer from severe neurological sequelae. The biomarker neurofilament light chain (NFL) is used for assessment of neuronal damage and is normally measured in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Novel methods have given the possibility to measure NFL in serum instead, which could be a convenient tool to estimate severity of disease and prognosis in VZV CNS infections. Here, we investigate the correlation of serum and CSF NFL in patients with VZV CNS infection and the association of NFL levels in serum and CSF with different VZV CNS entities. NFL in serum and CSF was measured in 61 patients who were retrospectively identified with neurological symptoms and VZV DNA in CSF detected by PCR. Thirty-three herpes zoster patients and 40 healthy blood donors served as control groups. NFL levels in serum and CSF correlated strongly in the patients with VZV CNS infection. Encephalitis was associated with significantly higher levels of NFL in both serum and CSF compared with meningitis and Ramsay Hunt syndrome. Surprisingly, herpes zoster controls had very high serum NFL levels, comparable with those shown in encephalitis patients. We show that analysis of serum NFL can be used instead of CSF NFL for estimation of neuronal injury in patients with VZV CNS infection. However, high levels of serum NFL also in patients with herpes zoster, without signs of CNS involvement, may complicate the interpretation.

scholarly journals Determinants of Central Nervous System Involvement in Herpes Zoster

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
In Sung Choo ◽  
Man Young Kim ◽  
Ji Yeon Chung ◽  
Uk Hur ◽  
Jin Ho Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Herpes Zoster ◽  
Central Nervous System Involvement ◽  
System Involvement

scholarly journals A clinical, aetiological, and public health perspective on central nervous system infections in Bolivia, 2017–2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Mariela Saba Villarroel ◽  
María del Rosario Castro Soto ◽  
Oriana Melendres Flores ◽  
Alejandro Peralta Landívar ◽  
María E. Calderón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Health Policy ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Cns Infection ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Cns Infections

AbstractCentral nervous system (CNS) infections are important causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In Bolivia, aetiologies, case fatality, and determinants of outcome are poorly characterised. We attempted to investigate such parameters to guide diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and health policy. From Nov-2017 to Oct-2018, we prospectively enrolled 257 inpatients (20.2% HIV-positive patients) of all ages from healthcare centers of Cochabamba and Santa Cruz, Bolivia with a suspected CNS infection and a lumbar puncture performed. Biological diagnosis included classical microbiology, molecular, serological and immunohistochemical tests. An infectious aetiology was confirmed in 128/257 (49.8%) inpatients, including, notably among confirmed single and co-infections, Cryptococcus spp. (41.7%) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (27.8%) in HIV-positive patients, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (26.1%) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (18.5%) in HIV-negative patients. The total mortality rate was high (94/223, 42.1%), including six rabies cases. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, mortality was associated with thrombocytopenia (Odds ratio (OR) 5.40, 95%-CI 2.40–11.83) and hydrocephalus (OR 4.07, 95%-CI 1.35–12.23). The proportion of untreated HIV patients, late presentations of neurotuberculosis, the rate of pneumococcal cases, and rabies patients who did not benefit from a post-exposure prophylaxis, suggest that decreasing the burden of CNS infections requires reinforcing health policy regarding tuberculosis, rabies, S. pneumoniae vaccination, and HIV-infections.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Mtb72F Polyprotein Vaccine in a Rabbit Model of Tuberculous Meningitis

2006 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 2392-2401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liana Tsenova ◽  
Ryhor Harbacheuski ◽  
Andre L. Moreira ◽  
Evette Ellison ◽  
Wilfried Dalemans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Tuberculous Meningitis ◽  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Cns Infection ◽  
The Brain

ABSTRACT Using a rabbit model of tuberculous meningitis, we evaluated the protective efficacy of vaccination with the recombinant polyprotein Mtb72F, which is formulated in two alternative adjuvants, AS02A and AS01B, and compared this to vaccination with Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) alone or as a BCG prime/Mtb72F-boost regimen. Vaccination with Mtb72F formulated in AS02A (Mtb72F+AS02A) or Mtb72F formulated in AS01B (Mtb72F+AS01B) was protective against central nervous system (CNS) challenge with Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv to an extent comparable to that of vaccination with BCG. Similar accelerated clearances of bacilli from the cerebrospinal fluid, reduced leukocytosis, and less pathology of the brain and lungs were noted. Weight loss of infected rabbits was less extensive for Mtb72F+AS02A-vaccinated rabbits. In addition, protection against M. tuberculosis H37Rv CNS infection afforded by BCG/Mtb72F in a prime-boost strategy was similar to that by BCG alone. Interestingly, Mtb72F+AS01B induced better protection against leukocytosis and weight loss, suggesting that the polyprotein in this adjuvant may boost immunity without exacerbating inflammation in previously BCG-vaccinated individuals.

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