A mathematical model for predicting indoor PM2.5 concentration under different ventilation methods in residential buildings

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 694-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Xie ◽  
Yuesheng Fan ◽  
Xin Zhang ◽  
Guoji Tian ◽  
Pengfei Si
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Deposition Rate ◽  
Particle Deposition ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Air Exchange Rate ◽  
Penetration Coefficient ◽  
Air Exchange

Experiments and theoretical analyses are conducted in a residential building in Changzhou to study indoor PM2.5 concentrations by establishing a combined parameter model. An alternative method for predicting the particle deposition rate and penetration coefficient is proposed, and its accuracy is tested and verified by experiments using time-dependent concentrations and air exchange rate measurements. The predicted PM2.5 penetration coefficient increased from 0.70 to 0.88 when the air exchange rates were varied from 0.2 h−1 to 0.5 h−1. In addition, outdoor sources of PM2.5 dominantly contributed approximately 90% to 98% to the indoor concentrations for both mechanically and naturally ventilated structures. Finally, a mathematical model for predicting the indoor concentration is presented using a mass balance equation, which estimates the parameter values in the building. The indoor PM2.5 concentrations ranged from 40 to 46 µg/m3 by using a fresh air system with 82% filtration efficiency, while those by using open windows for natural ventilation ranged from 105 to 118 µg/m3 when the outdoor PM2.5 concentration ranged from 115 to 137 µg/m3. The results of this study can be used to estimate the indoor particle level. Practical application: By applying the ventilation criteria for acceptable indoor air quality in ASHRAE Standard 62.1, the indoor PM2.5 monitoring results show serious pollution in dwellings in 2018. More dwellings are expected to maintain a clean indoor environment in the future. Thus, it is crucial to consider the indoor PM2.5 pollution risk in the building design to prevent the possible consequences of unsafe high indoor concentrations. The use of this prediction model, as discussed in this article, will provide further information on the influence of the particle deposition rate ( K) and penetration coefficient ( P) on indoor PM2.5 concentrations.

Effective Energy Saving Research on the Air Exchange Rate of Residential Buildings in Guangzhou Based on the Software DeST-h

2011 ◽  
Vol 374-377 ◽  
pp. 430-435
Author(s):  
Wei Wei Du ◽  
Cui Cui Qin ◽  
Li Hua Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Exchange Rates ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Functional Relation ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Saving Rate ◽  
Air Exchange Rate ◽  
Air Exchange

Reasonable determination of indoor ventilation rates are the main content of residential ventilation designs, and can save consumption by air conditioners. Firstly, the energy saving potential of ventilation cooling technology in Guangzhou is analyzed in this paper. The cooling load of a residential building in Guangzhou with different air exchange rates is simulated by the DeST-h after indoor heating quantity of different rooms is set. The energy saving rate is analyzed, the functional relation between energy saving rate of ventilation and air exchange rate is obtained using the linear-regression analysis method. After a comprehensive consideration of various factors, including variation of energy efficiency, room volume, air outlet size, and that the maximum air exchange rates of different rooms are fixed.

scholarly journals Thermal Performance of a High-Rise Residential Building with Internal Courtyard in Tropical Climate

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. 357
Author(s):  
Lobna Hassan Ali Hassan Elgheriani ◽  
Parid Wardi ◽  
AbdulBasit Ali Ali Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Indoor Environment ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Significant Feature ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Passive Design

Natural ventilation is an effectual passive design approach to create a better indoor thermal condition as well as energy efficiency. The primary goal of building design is providing a healthy and comfortable indoor environment titled as sustainable architecture. Literature suggests that the significant feature that alteration has to take place on for better energy performance is the envelope design. This paper aims to augment the Window to Wall Ratio (WWR), orientation and courtyard corridor size for improving the design of naturally ventilated courtyard high-rise residential buildings. Briefly, the findings indicate that contending with WWR, orientation and courtyard corridor size could increase the potential of improving its natural ventilation and thus, thermal performance.

scholarly journals What We Can Learn from Vernacular House and COVID-19 Infection? A Review of Mbaru Niang, Flores, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 317 ◽  
pp. 04017
Author(s):  
Jeanny Laurens Pinassang ◽  
Bangun I.R. Harsritanto ◽  
Dany Perwita Sari
Keyword(s):  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Sea Breeze ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Air Conditioner ◽  
Air Exchange Rate ◽  
Air Supply ◽  
Local Materials ◽  
Local Value ◽  
Air Exchange

The COVID-19 pandemic has shown that the current ventilation design, especially in residential buildings, may not provide healthy air exchange. Since current buildings in tropical climate only focused on cooling, its have become sites of rapid COVID-19 transmission. In order to avoid indoor SARS-Cov-2 transmission, some studies recommended an increase in air supply with a higher air exchange rate and to reduce the usage of the air conditioner. Flores has been designated one of the top Indonesian tourism destinations. However, access to transportation is still tricky. Analysis of local materials, culture, and weather can reduce the building cost and preserved local value to become the area's identity. Vernacular housing in Indonesia has adapted well to climatic conditions in different locations by using natural ventilation that ensures thermal comfort. We propose a ventilation design with natural ventilation from Mbaru Niang's traditional house. It was found that raised floor, verandah, and sun shading can reduce the hot temperature from solar radiation and hot wind from the sea breeze. This modern building concept can become a practical, healthy, and environmentally friendly solution for building in Flores, Indonesia. Introduction

scholarly journals Proposing Alternative Solutions to Enhance Natural Ventilation Rates in Residential Buildings in the Cfa Climate Zone of Rasht

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 679
Author(s):  
Roya Aeinehvand ◽  
Amiraslan Darvish ◽  
Abdollah Baghaei Daemei ◽  
Shima Barati ◽  
Asma Jamali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Ventilation Rate ◽  
Humid Climate ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Passive Strategies ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Ventilation Rates ◽  
Ventilation Systems

Today, renewable resources and the crucial role of passive strategies in energy efficiency in the building sector toward the sustainable development goals are more indispensable than ever. Natural ventilation has traditionally been considered as one of the most fundamental techniques to decrease energy usage by building dwellers and designers. The main purpose of the present study is to enhance the natural ventilation rates in an existing six-story residential building situated in the humid climate of Rasht during the summertime. On this basis, two types of ventilation systems, the Double-Skin Facade Twin Face System (DSF-TFS) and Single-Sided Wind Tower (SSWT), were simulated through DesignBuilder version 4.5. Then, two types of additional ventilation systems were proposed in order to accelerate the airflow, including four-sided as well as multi-opening wind towers. The wind foldable directions were at about 45 degrees (northwest to southeast). The simulation results show that SSWT could have a better performance than the aforementioned systems by about 38%. Therefore, the multi-opening system was able to enhance the ventilation rate by approximately 10% during the summertime.

scholarly journals On The Effect Of The Shape Of Buildings And Chimneystacks On Ventilation And Pollutant Dispersion

2019 ◽  
Vol 213 ◽  
pp. 02017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Ferrari ◽  
Maria Grazia Badas ◽  
Michela Garau ◽  
Luca Salvadori ◽  
Alessandro Seoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Water Channel ◽  
Pollutant Dispersion ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Outer Flow ◽  
Air Exchange Rate ◽  
Roof Shape ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Heat Dispersion

The purpose of this work is to investigate the modifications induced by the change of the roof shape in the flow field, inside and above the buildings, with an attention to their capability to modify the air quality and the dispersion of pollutants released from chimneystacks. We have carried out laboratory experiments on arrays of identical buildings, with symmetrical dual-pitched or flat roofs, and chimneystacks of different heights and positions. The experiments have been carried out in a close-loop water-channel, where two non-intrusive and quasi-continuous in space Digital Image Analysis technique have been implied to measure the velocity fields (Feature Tracking Velocimetry) and the concentration fields (Laser Induced Visualization). Results have highlight the meaningful role of gabled roofs in modifying turbulence, which increases the air exchange rate between the street canyon and the outer flow, but, in some conditions, they increase the dragging of pollutant inside the canyon. These results can have an immediate practical impact on the building design and on planning strategies, as the roof shape can be a useful tool to enhance natural ventilation and pollutant, humidity and/or heat dispersion, i.e. the air quality in urban and industrial areas.

scholarly journals Living quarters. A natural balanced ventilation system. Simulations part 1

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 00025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Gaczoł
Keyword(s):  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Comfort Level ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Pressure System ◽  
Ansys Fluent ◽  
Short Supply ◽  
Air Exchange Rate ◽  
Exhaust Duct

In the following article the author proposes the solution for a properly functioning natural ventilation system based on the use of supply and exhaust ducts, i.e. by designing a natural balanced ventilation system. The paper is devoted to test results of air flow through natural ventilation supply-exhaust ducts in the rooms located on the lower floor of the building. The simulations conducted in ANSYS Fluent software relate to such issues as: pressure system inside the room and in the exhaust duct, distribution of air temperatures in the room, vector direction of airflow through supplyexhaust ducts and in the analysed room. Three types of solutions were selected for the tests: air inflow into the room through the air intake located at the basement level, air inflow through the window ventilator (although no longer used, this solution can be found in many existing residential buildings) and the natural ventilation system supported with the so-called “solar chimney”. All simulations were conducted with an outdoor temperature of +3 degrees C. The indoor temperature is + 20 degrees C, considered to be the minimum thermal comfort level. In the era of common building sealing, the presented ventilation system may be a good solution that guarantees proper functioning of natural ventilation. In all cases presented, it meets the normative regulations and requirements for the ventilation air stream and the air exchange rate in the room. The paper (first part) describes test results concerning the room located on the lower floor of the building, i.e. with a short supply duct and a 12-meter long exhaust duct.

scholarly journals Framework to Guide Rail type Adhesive Lifting Scaffolding in the Design and Application of High-rise Residential Buildings

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Man Mao ◽  
Rui Li ◽  
Ke Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Engineering Practice ◽  
Systematic Design ◽  
Guide Rail ◽  
Progress Control ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Speed Up

<p>As to combine with specific engineering practice, this paper presents a framework to guide rail type adhesive lifting scaffolding in high-rise residential building design and constructions well as changed the traditional characteristics of steel pipe scaffold by using new standard truss and scaffold board design All the connecting parts are connected by bolt, using electric wrench to install, and implementing the overall tools, systematic design and installation. Engineering practice proved that the frame rail type adhesive lifting scaffold can not only speed up the construction progress, control costs and improve economic efficiency, but also be popularized in similar engineering.</p>

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