Diverse “roof shape” chiral diamidophosphites: Palladium coordination and catalytic application

A series of diamidophosphite ligands of various structure and denticity were synthesized from (11S,12S)-bis(hydroxymethyl)-9,10-dihydro-9,10-ethanoanthracene as a “roof shape” 1,4-diol. On the basis of these ligands, we obtained three types of...

Analysis of Roof Collapse Cases Caused by Snow Loads in Russia (2001–2021)

Cases of building decay and structural damage caused by the impact of snow loads are registered every year throughout the world. Such destruction not only results in property loss, but also leads to human losses. A database on 266 cases of roof collapse caused by snow loads in Russia for the period from 2001 to 2021 was collated for this study. The data were analyzed by date and place of collapse, building data, and number of victims. The analysis showed that civilian buildings are the most vulnerable, comprising 78% of the total number of collapses, followed by industrial buildings with 15% and agricultural buildings with only 7%. The relationships between roof shape, roofing material, number of floors, and type of collapsed building were determined. The data processing results showed that low-rise residential buildings (one to two floors) with a gable roof covered with fiber cement should be considered the most vulnerable. A linear relationship was revealed between a collapse area of more than 150 m2 and the cumulative number of collapse cases. The obtained results have practical application for rating building vulnerability to natural hazards and assessing the risk of emergencies associated with snow loads.

PENDEKATAN NEO VERNAKULAR PADA PENGOLAHAN BENTUK ATAP PASAR WISATA KOTA BATU SEBAGAI EFISISENSI PELESTARIAN

<p>Bentuk atap ciri neo-vernakular menjadi karakter utama bangunan di wilayah pulau jawa dan sekitarnya. Bentuk atap merupakan penyesuian dari lingkungan sekitar dan perkembagannya. Perancangan bangunan pasar wisata perlu menampilkan karakter lokal tersebut dengan pendekatan neo-vernakular melalui pengolahan bentuk atapnya. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi bentuk atap pada perancangan Pasar Wisata Kota Batu. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut, penelitian ini menggunakan metode berupa studi literatur serta membuat alternatif desain bentuk atap bangunan dengan prinsip Arsitektur Neo-Vernakular. Hasil eksplorasi ini menghasilkan desain bentuk atap kota batu berdasarkan modifikasi bentuk atap pelana dengan atap silang.</p><p><em>The shape of the neo-vernacular roof is the main character of the building in the area of Java Island and its surroundings. The shape of the roof is an adjustment of the surrounding environment and development. The design of the tourist market building needs to display the local character with a neo-vernacular approach through the processing of the roof shape. This paper aims to explore the shape of the roof in the design of the Batu City Tourism Market. To achieve this goal, this research uses a method in the form of a literature study as well as an alternative design of the building roof shape with the principles of Neo-Vernacular Architecture. The results of this exploration resulted in the design of the shape of the stone city roof based on the modification of the shape of the gable roof with a cross roof.</em><em></em></p>

COMPARISON BETWEEN AIRBORNE LIDAR DATA AND DIGITAL IMAGE MATCHING FOR SURFACE RECONSTRUCTION

Nowadays some aerial surveying projects (both manned or not) might integrate imagery and ranging sensor technology, thus allowing both the reconstruction of the surface from airborne laser scanning (ALS) and from the Photogrammetric pipeline through digital image matching (DIM). DIM algorithms have been continuously improved, therefore comparisons to other techniques such as ALS must be conducted. Despite the scientific community efforts, there are few evaluations regarding the extraction of building roofs using point clouds derived from both ALS and imagery. In this sense, this study provides a brief comparison between ALS and DIM point clouds and the accuracy that can be achieved in surface reconstruction and building roofs extraction. The experiments indicated that in some situations such as the building roof shape extraction, the accuracy is similar between these techniques, however, this is not valid for vertical accuracy, where larger differences were observed.

Analisis Kekuatan Bangunan Rumah Terhadap Banjir Berdasarkan Interpretasi Bentuk Atap Mengunakan Sistem Informasi Geografis Di Desa Kaligayam, Kecamatan Margasari, Kabupaten Tegal

Flood events in Kaligayam Village occur due to rainwater and overflowing rivers trapped in sloping residential areas. Research on the quality of houses in the face of flooding, by grouping based on the shape of the roof, has not been widely carried out, especially in this research area. The use of GIS to analyze the condition of a house in an emergency situation can still be developed to get more detailed results. The population in this study was the house building unit, and the sampling method uses proportional techniques that were randomly selected. The sample of grouping is based on the roof shape of the house that was acquired with Quickbird image interpretation with 0.6 meter spatial resolution. The results of the acquisition of high-rise building data were built with supporting and validated data through field surveys. The database that is processed using GIS to produce data on classes of house buildings in watching flood data on physical conditions, support, and age of the house building. Inventory of all housebuilding parameter data produces a map of the quality of the house building against flooding. In each form of the roof, the building of the house has a variety of different levels of quality in the face of the danger of flooding. The level of quality of the house becomes five levels (very high, high, medium, low, and very low). The type of roof of the village becomes the type of building that has the best quality which is the type of house building with the highest resilience.

Identification of architectural elements of kalang house in Kotagede Yogyakarta

Kalang house on Jalan Mondorakan, Kotagede is a Javanese traditional house built and owned by Javanese people by adopting architectural elements from art nouveau and art deco architecture. Kalang house reflects Javanese houses in terms of spatial aspects, roof shape, and some Javanese ornaments. Whereas the influence of art nouveau and art deco are shown from themed ornaments and are the result of stilation of flora and fauna which are different with ornamentation in traditional Javanese houses. This study aims to identify architectural elements in kalang houses and find out what factors influence the differences and similarities in the processing of architectural elements in kalang house. This study uses descriptive methods through case studies in the field with analysis through qualitative methods. Methods of data collection through direct observation, interviews, documentation and supported by literature studies. The results of this study indicate that the differences and similarities of architectural elements in homes are affected by several factors such as the owner's socio-economic (profession), history, functions and activities from the past to the present, and site conditions (dimension, form, site position of the circulation path). Through the results of this study, it is expected to be able to support the effort of preserving house building as one of Indonesia's distinctive cultural heritage, especially Kotagede.

Experimental investigation of unbalanced snow loads on isolated gable-roof with or without scuttle

Unbalanced snow loads on roofs have been a turbulent and significant problem for the building industry. Gables are one of the most common roof shapes, which are widely adopted as the roof shape for family residences, factories, ware houses, and garages. Series of experiments on an isolated gable-roof with or without scuttles and different roof pitches were done for the purpose of exploring the unbalanced patterns of snow loads. The model buildings made of wood have the same floor space, 2000 × 2000 mm but different roof pitches. A new open air snow–wind combined experimental facility was adopted in the experiments. The facility, which is like an open air wind tunnel with a snowfall simulator, can produce a stable wind field and snowfall environment for a specific duration. Artificial snow was used in the experiments, and particles properties were compared with natural snow previously proposed by the other authors. The experiment results indicated that the unbalanced snow loads were strongly connected with various wind velocities and roof pitches and a scuttle or other salient on the roof would bring an evident influence of patterns of snow distribution on the roofs.