scholarly journals When and Why Being Ostracized Affects Veracity Judgments

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 454-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Eck ◽  
Christiane Schoel ◽  
Marc-André Reinhard ◽  
Rainer Greifeneder
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Nonverbal Behavior ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Nonverbal Cues ◽  
Message Content ◽  
Very High

Ostracism—being ignored and excluded by others—is a ubiquitous experience with adverse effects on well-being. To prevent further exclusion and regain belonging, ostracized individuals are well advised to identify affiliation partners who are sincerely well-disposed. Humans’ ability to detect lies, however, is generally not very high. Yet, veracity judgments can become more accurate with decreasing reliance on common stereotypic beliefs about the nonverbal behavior of liars and truth-tellers. We hypothesize that ostracized (vs. included) individuals base their veracity judgments less on such stereotypical nonverbal cues if message content is affiliation-relevant. In line with this hypothesis, Experiment 1 shows that ostracized (vs. included) individuals are better at discriminating affiliation-relevant lies from truths. Experiments 2 and 3 further show that ostracized (vs. included) individuals base their veracity judgments less on stereotypical nonverbal cues if messages are of high (but not low) affiliation relevance.

Positive Emotions

2009 ◽  
pp. 12-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Cohn ◽  
Barbara L. Fredrickson
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Life Outcomes ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Future Success ◽  
Broaden And Build Theory ◽  
Mental And Physical Health ◽  
Very High ◽  
Future Growth

Positive emotions include pleasant or desirable situational responses, ranging from interest and contentment to love and joy, but are distinct from pleasurable sensation and undifferentiated positive affect. These emotions are markers of people's overall well-being or happiness, but they also enhance future growth and success. This has been demonstrated in work, school, relationships, mental and physical health, and longevity. The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions suggests that all positive emotions lead to broadened repertoires of thoughts and actions and that broadening helps build resources that contribute to future success. Unlike negative emotions, which are adapted to provide a rapid response to a focal threat, positive emotions occur in safe or controllable situations and lead more diffusely to seeking new resources or consolidating gains. These resources outlast the temporary emotional state and contribute to later success and survival. This chapter discusses the nature of positive emotions both as evolutionary adaptations to build resources and as appraisals of a situation as desirable or rich in resources. We discuss the methodological challenges of evoking positive emotions for study both in the lab and in the field and issues in observing both short-term (“broaden”) and long-term (“build”) effects. We then review the evidence that positive emotions broaden perception, attention, motivation, reasoning, and social cognition and ways in which these may be linked to positive emotions' effects on important life outcomes. We also discuss and contextualize evidence that positive emotions may be detrimental at very high levels or in certain situations. We close by discussing ways in which positive emotions theory can be harnessed by both basic and applied positive psychology research.

Acupuncture Versus Venlafaxine for the Management of Vasomotor Symptoms in Patients With Hormone Receptor–Positive Breast Cancer: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 634-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleanor M. Walker ◽  
Alba I. Rodriguez ◽  
Beth Kohn ◽  
Ronald M. Ball ◽  
Jan Pegg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Hot Flashes ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Acupuncture Group ◽  
Vasomotor Symptoms ◽  
Randomized Controlled

Purpose Vasomotor symptoms are common adverse effects of antiestrogen hormone treatment in conventional breast cancer care. Hormone replacement therapy is contraindicated in patients with breast cancer. Venlafaxine (Effexor), the therapy of choice for these symptoms, has numerous adverse effects. Recent studies suggest acupuncture may be effective in reducing vasomotor symptoms in menopausal women. This randomized controlled trial tested whether acupuncture reduces vasomotor symptoms and produces fewer adverse effects than venlafaxine. Patients and Methods Fifty patients were randomly assigned to receive 12 weeks of acupuncture (n = 25) or venlafaxine (n = 25) treatment. Health outcomes were measured for up to 1 year post-treatment. Results Both groups exhibited significant decreases in hot flashes, depressive symptoms, and other quality-of-life symptoms, including significant improvements in mental health from pre- to post-treatment. These changes were similar in both groups, indicating that acupuncture was as effective as venlafaxine. By 2 weeks post-treatment, the venlafaxine group experienced significant increases in hot flashes, whereas hot flashes in the acupuncture group remained at low levels. The venlafaxine group experienced 18 incidences of adverse effects (eg, nausea, dry mouth, dizziness, anxiety), whereas the acupuncture group experienced no negative adverse effects. Acupuncture had the additional benefit of increased sex drive in some women, and most reported an improvement in their energy, clarity of thought, and sense of well-being. Conclusion Acupuncture appears to be equivalent to drug therapy in these patients. It is a safe, effective and durable treatment for vasomotor symptoms secondary to long-term antiestrogen hormone use in patients with breast cancer.

THE UNIVERSALITY OF OTITIS MEDIA IN 50 INFANTS WITH CLEFT PALATE

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
Jack L. Paradise ◽  
Charles D. Bluestone ◽  
Herman Felder
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Emotional Development ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Suppurative Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear Disease ◽  
And Function ◽  
Irreparable Damage

Bilateral secretory (serous) or suppurative otitis media was found without exception in 50 infants with cleft palate who were 20 months of age or younger. Middle ear disease probably develops in all cleft palate infants during the first few months of life, and appears to be best managed by myringotomy with insertion of plastic tubes. Unless drainage and aeration of the middle ear are accomplished, irreparable damage to middle ear structures may develop in some patients; and, in all of them, hearing impairment will probably persist throughout infancy or longer, with adverse effects on well-being and function and with serious implications for intellectual, speech, and emotional development. Further studies are required to assess the long-range effectiveness of surgical management.

scholarly journals Post-treatment physiological effects, adverse effects and complications after the selected aesthetic treatments. Review of the literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 211-216
Author(s):  
Weronika S. Kononowicz ◽  
◽  
Beata Malara ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Physical Attractiveness ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Skin Defects

Aesthetic treatments are performed in order to improve physical attractiveness, well-being, and to eliminate skin defects. These procedures are also associated with physiological post-treatment effects, side effects and complications. The aim of the article was to discuss selected aesthetic treatments with their typical complications and to present the types of natural post-treatment effects and dangerous side effects. Knowledge of the causes and occurrence of undesirable effects after various aesthetic treatments allows to increase awareness of the risks associated with the performance of such procedures.

scholarly journals The HTR Model for Well-Being in Educating Community

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Falaschi
Keyword(s):  
Gifted And Talented ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Educational Effectiveness ◽  
Specific Training ◽  
Gifted And Talented Education ◽  
High Potentials ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Teaching Learning ◽  
Very High ◽  
Human Potentials

With the aim of enhancing human capital by bringing out talents, this paper offers a theoretical model for innovating teaching/learning methodological approaches. The Humor Talent Resilience (HTR) Model for Well-Being in Educating Community recognizes Humor as a pedagogical device that jointly feeds both Talent and Resilience. This nourishment triggers a dynamic process between Talent and Resilience of reciprocal and constant interdependence, while developing a mutual positive contamination in continuous evolution. This process is itself a “generator of Well-Being” but it will be able to fully convey its educational effectiveness only if it is supported by an Educating Community. While aknowledging the enhancement of all human potentials, including the high or very high potentials, the pedagogy of Well-Being must assume the educational responsibility of offering teaching/learning contexts that allow all students to reach their highest level of development. Three open reflections are presented: the concepts of justice and equity of educational policies and practices aimed at respecting and enhancing all human potentials; the virtual educating (or dis-educating) community; the need for specific training for teachers and more opportunities for international discussion in the field of gifted and talented education.

scholarly journals Safety and Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Norway During the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic Using an Adapted Version of the I-CAM-Q: A Cross-Sectional Survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnete Egilsdatter Kristoffersen ◽  
Miek C. Jong ◽  
Johanna Hök Nordberg ◽  
Esther T. van der Werf ◽  
Trine Stub
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Alternative Medicine ◽  
Complementary And Alternative Medicine ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Complementary And Alternative

Abstract BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic lockdown has had a profound impact on physical and mental well-being throughout the world. Previous studies have revealed that complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is frequently used for, and can be potential beneficial for strengthening physical mental resilience. The aim of this study was therefore to determine the prevalence, associations and reasons for use of CAM during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic among a representative sample of the Norwegian population, and determine possible effects and adverse effects of the treatments. MethodsComputer assisted telephone interviews using a COVID-adapted I-CAM-Q questionnaire were conducted with 1008 randomly selected Norwegians aged 16 and above using multistage sampling during April and May 2020 applying age and sex quotas for each area. Descriptive statistics were carried out using Pearson’s Chi-square test, Fisher exact test, and Independent samples T-tests to identify group differences. ResultsThe study revealed that two thirds of the respondents (67%) had used CAM within the first three months of the COVID-19 pandemic, in particular CAM modalities that did not involve a provider. Most used were natural remedies and dietary supplement (57%, mainly vitamins and minerals), but self-help practices like yoga and meditation were also widely used (24%). Women used CAM modalities significantly more than men (77% vs. 58%). Most of the respondents found the modalities they used beneficial, and 5% reported adverse effects of the treatments.ConclusionsThe first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic has not profoundly changed the overall need of Norwegian citizens to seek care outside the conventional healthcare system, but rather caused a shift in the type of CAM modalities used. The risk profile of these modalities was generally low as only 5 % of the respondents reported adverse effects. Further studies are needed to confirm the change from provider based to self-administered CAM use.

scholarly journals Market Concentration and Market Power / Koncentrisanost tržišta i tržišna moć

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 228
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Bogojević
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Market Power ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Market Competition ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Market Concentration ◽  
Relevant Market ◽  
Market Structures ◽  
Market Participants

Contemporary directions of the market liberalization should lead to a bigger number of market participants and to a bigger degree of competition among them. This again, leads to a more diversified offer and to bigger quality products along with higher level of services with cheaper rates. In order to control the mentioned processes, analysis of market concentration is needed, as well as studying and perfection of the methods that allow measurement of market concentration. The degree of market concentration which on a specific market one or more economic subjects have is defined as ‘’market power’’. Economic efficiency on a specific market largely depends on whether non competitive market structures which produce adverse effects on economic efficiency are existent on that market, which ultimately affects on the overall well – being. Conversance of the degree of concentration of a specific (relevant) market is important so that breaching of the market principles can be timely spotted and so that appropriate measures can be taken. Supervision over the market and the market processes, as well as appliance of specific measuring methods of market concentration have the goal of establishing and maintenance of free market competition in which all of the economic subjects participate under the same conditions.

Why We Ought to Accept the Repugnant Conclusion

Utilitas ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torbjorn Tannsjo
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Derek Parfit ◽  
Worth Living ◽  
Repugnant Conclusion ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Hedonistic Utilitarianism ◽  
Sentient Beings ◽  
Very High

Derek Parfit has famously pointed out that ‘total’ utilitarian views, such as classical hedonistic utilitarianism, lead to the conclusion that, to each population of quite happy persons there corresponds a more extensive population with people living lives just worth living, which is (on the whole) better. In particular, for any possible population of at least ten billion people, all with a very high quality of life, there must be some much larger imaginable population whose existence, if other things are equal, would be better, even though its members have lives that are barely worth living. This world is better if the sum total of well-being is great enough, and it is great enough if only enough sentient beings inhabit it. This conclusion has been considered by Parfit and others to be ‘repugnant’.

Solitary Confinement, Loneliness, and Psychological Harm

2019 ◽  
pp. 129-152
Author(s):  
Craig Haney
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Solitary Confinement ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Psychological Harm ◽  
Social Psychological Research ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
Very High

Solitary confinement subjects prisoners to extreme forms of social isolation and social exclusion that, in turn, produce very high levels of suffering and pathology and nearly unprecedented degrees of loneliness. This chapter briefly reviews the scientific literature on harmful effects of solitary confinement, connecting it more directly to social psychological research on the adverse effects of social exclusion and isolation. The author discusses findings from a recent study of loneliness among long-term isolated prisoners, as well as an earlier study performed in an especially harsh solitary confinement unit—the Security Housing Unit (SHU) at the Pelican Bay State Prison in California—which systematically assessed the prevalence of symptoms of psychological stress, trauma, and isolation-related psychopathology.

scholarly journals Reading Lies: Nonverbal Communication and Deception

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 295-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aldert Vrij ◽  
Maria Hartwig ◽  
Pär Anders Granhag
Keyword(s):  
Nonverbal Communication ◽  
Nonverbal Behavior ◽  
The State ◽  
Nonverbal Cues ◽  
Nonverbal Behaviors ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between nonverbal communication and deception continues to attract much interest, but there are many misconceptions about it. In this review, we present a scientific view on this relationship. We describe theories explaining why liars would behave differently from truth tellers, followed by research on how liars actually behave and individuals’ ability to detect lies. We show that the nonverbal cues to deceit discovered to date are faint and unreliable and that people are mediocre lie catchers when they pay attention to behavior. We also discuss why individuals hold misbeliefs about the relationship between nonverbal behavior and deception—beliefs that appear very hard to debunk. We further discuss the ways in which researchers could improve the state of affairs by examining nonverbal behaviors in different ways and in different settings than they currently do.

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