Reclaiming Personality Traits for Personnel Selection: Self-Esteem as an Illustrative Case

1988 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Hollenbeck ◽  
Ellen M. Whitener
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Personnel Selection ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Illustrative Case ◽  
Personality Measures ◽  
And Performance

Previous reviews documenting the low validity and utility associ-ated with personality measures should not lead researchers in the area of personnel selection to abandon the use of such variables. The lack offindings in past research can be explained by (a) misspecification of the model by anticipating direct effects; (b) inadequate statistical power; and (c) contamination of measures by relying on self-report or observational methods. An alternative model in which personality measures have interactive effects with ability tests in predicting per-formance provides a stronger theoretical rationale to support a rela-tionship between personality variables and performance. Sample sizes also need to be increased significantly in order to provide adequate tests of the validity of personality measures in personnel selection. Measures of personality traits based on perception and judgment pro-vide a more promising approach to obtaining less contaminated in-dices. Future research that avoids the problems of the past may pro-vide a more positive picture of the utility of personality traits as screening devices.

scholarly journals Identifying the Links Between Trauma and Social Adjustment: Implications for More Effective Psychotherapy With Traumatized Youth

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayedhabibollah Ahmadi Forooshani ◽  
Kate Murray ◽  
Nigar Khawaja ◽  
Zahra Izadikhah
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Social Adjustment ◽  
Social Problem ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Social Problem Solving ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cognitive Avoidance ◽  
Refugee Immigrants

Background: Past research has highlighted the role of trauma in social adjustment problems, but little is known about the underlying process. This is a barrier to developing effective interventions for social adjustment of traumatized individuals. The present study addressed this research gap through a cognitive model.Methods: A total of 604 young adults (aged 18–24; living in Australia) from different backgrounds (refugee, non-refugee immigrant, and Australian) were assessed through self-report questionnaires. The data were analyzed through path analysis and multivariate analysis of variance. Two path analyses were conducted separately for migrant (including non-refugee and refugee immigrants) and Australian groups.Results: Analyses indicated that cognitive avoidance and social problem solving can significantly mediate the relation between trauma and social adjustment (p < 0.05). The model explaining this process statistically fit the data (e.g., NFI, TLI, CFI > 0.95). According to the model, reacting to trauma by cognitive avoidance (i.e., chronic thought suppression and over-general autobiographical memory) can disturb the cognitive capacities that are required for social problem solving. Consequently, a lack of effective social problem solving significantly hinders social adjustment. There were no significant differences among the Australian, non-refugee immigrant and refugee participants on the dependent variables. Moreover, the hypothesized links between the variables was confirmed similarly for both migrant (including refugee and non-refugee immigrants) and Australian groups.Conclusion: The findings have important implications for interventions targeting the social adjustment of young individuals. We assert that overlooking the processes identified in this study, can hinder the improvement of social adjustment in young adults with a history of trauma. Recommendations for future research and practice are discussed.

scholarly journals Logged In and Zoned Out

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan M. Ravizza ◽  
Mitchell G. Uitvlugt ◽  
Kimberly M. Fenn
Keyword(s):  
Internet Use ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Internet Usage ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Classroom Performance ◽  
Online Activity ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Psychology Course ◽  
The Relationship

Laptop computers are widely prevalent in university classrooms. Although laptops are a valuable tool, they offer access to a distracting temptation: the Internet. In the study reported here, we assessed the relationship between classroom performance and actual Internet usage for academic and nonacademic purposes. Students who were enrolled in an introductory psychology course logged into a proxy server that monitored their online activity during class. Past research relied on self-report, but the current methodology objectively measured time, frequency, and browsing history of participants’ Internet usage. In addition, we assessed whether intelligence, motivation, and interest in course material could account for the relationship between Internet use and performance. Our results showed that nonacademic Internet use was common among students who brought laptops to class and was inversely related to class performance. This relationship was upheld after we accounted for motivation, interest, and intelligence. Class-related Internet use was not associated with a benefit to classroom performance.

Resource and Risk Management in the Strategic Alliance Making Process

1998 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. K. Das ◽  
Bing-Sheng Teng
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Alliances ◽  
Strategic Alliance ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Alliance Partners ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Relational Risk

Resource-based and risk-based views of strategic alliances have not been adequately reflected in the literature. This paper identifies four types of critical resources that the partners bring to an alliance: financial, technological, physical, and managerial resource. It also suggests two basic types of risk in strategic alliances: relational risk and performance risk. The alliance making process is examined in terms of the interactive effects of resource and risk on the orientations and objectives of the prospective alliance partners. Managerial implications are discussed and future research directions indicated in the form of propositions for empirical testing.

Performance Appraisal Politics in the Public Sector: The Effects of Political Skill and Social Similarity on Performance Rating

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-261
Author(s):  
Hyang Won Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Linear Modeling ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Political Skill ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Performance Rating ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Interpersonal Influence ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Skill Dimensions ◽  
The Relationship

This study investigated the main effects of a subordinate’s (ratee) political skill dimensions (social astuteness, apparent sincerity, interpersonal influence, and networking ability) on supervisor (rater) performance rating and further analyzed the interactive effects of social similarity in the subordinate–supervisor dyad on the relationship between political skill dimension and performance rating. To test these relationships, hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) was used on a matched sample of 337 subordinate–supervisor dyads who worked in South Korea’s central government. Findings showed that subordinates with higher social astuteness, interpersonal influence, and networking abilities (but not apparent sincerity) will likely achieve more positive supervisor ratings. More importantly, the relationship between these political skill dimensions and performance ratings is stronger when there is greater social similarity between a subordinate (ratee) and his or her supervisor (rater). The findings’ practical and academic implications and future research directions are discussed.

scholarly journals Impacts of knowledge sharing: a review and directions for future research

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farhan Ahmad ◽  
Muhaimin Karim
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Sharing ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Review Protocol ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Methodological Aspects

PurposeKnowledge sharing contributes to the success of an organization in various ways. This paper aims to summarize the findings from past research on knowledge-sharing outcomes in organizations and to suggest promising directions for future research.Design/methodology/approachThere was a conduction of a systematic literature review that consisted of three main phases: defining a review protocol, conducting the review and reporting the review. The thematic analysis was conducted on 61 studies, based on which a framework for understanding the impacts of knowledge sharing was developed.FindingsPrevious research has investigated knowledge-sharing outcomes at three levels: the individual, team and organization; specific impacts are summarized for each level. The most commonly studied factors affected by knowledge sharing are creativity, learning and performance. Knowledge sharing is also found to have some beyond-convention work-related impacts, such as those on team climate and employees’ life satisfaction. Research on the outcomes of knowledge sharing is dominated by quantitative studies, as we found only one qualitative study in this review. Based on the discussion of the results, promising avenues for further research were identified and a research agenda was proposed. More research on differential, psychological and negative impacts, as well as interactional and methodological aspects of knowledge-sharing, is suggested.Originality/valueTo date, no systematic review has been conducted on the impacts of knowledge-sharing. This paper makes an important contribution to knowledge-sharing research, as it consolidates previous research and identifies a number of useful research topics that can be explored to advance the field, as well as to establish the evidence-based importance of knowledge sharing.

Negotiators’ emotion perception and value-claiming under different incentives

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dejun Tony Kong ◽  
William P. Bottom ◽  
Lee J. Konczak
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Perception ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Student Sample ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Incentive Schemes ◽  
Emotional Perception ◽  
Motivation Interaction ◽  
Value Claiming ◽  
And Performance

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine how negotiators’ self-evaluated emotion perception is related to value claiming under two incentive schemes. Adopting an ability-motivation interaction perspective, the authors hypothesize that the relationship will be stronger in the contingent (upon value-claiming performance) versus fixed (non-contingent upon value-claiming performance) pay condition. Design/methodology/approach Multi-level analysis of data (120 participants, 60 dyads) from a laboratory study provided evidence supporting the hypothesis proposed in this paper. Findings Emotional perception was indeed more strongly related to value claiming in the contingent pay condition than in the fixed pay condition. Negotiators’ emotion perception also had a direct, positive linkage with relationship satisfaction, regardless of the incentive scheme. Research limitations/implications The limitations of the current paper include self-report measures of emotion perception, a US student sample and a focus on value claiming as the instrumental outcome. The authors urge future research to address these limitations in replicating and extending the current findings. Originality/value The present paper is the first to explicitly test the moderating role of incentive schemes on the linkage between negotiators’ emotion perception and performance. The findings not only show the context-dependent predictive value of negotiators’ emotion perception but also shed light on both negotiation and emotional intelligence (EI) research.

Improving Otolaryngology Residency Selection Using Principles from Personnel Psychology

2017 ◽  
Vol 156 (6) ◽  
pp. 981-984 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah N. Bowe ◽  
Adrienne M. Laury ◽  
Stacey T. Gray
Keyword(s):  
Personnel Selection ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Research Knowledge ◽  
Integrity Tests ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Resident Selection ◽  
Personnel Psychology

There has been a heightened focus on improving the resident selection process, particularly within highly competitive specialties. Previous research, however, has generally lacked a theoretical background, leading to inconsistent and biased results. Our recently published systematic review examining applicant characteristics and performance in residency can provide historical insight into the predictors (ie, constructs) and outcomes (ie, criteria) previously deemed pertinent by the otolaryngology community. Personnel psychology uses evidence-based practices to identify the most qualified candidates for employment using a variety of selection methods. Extensive research in this discipline has shown that integrity tests, structured interviews, work samples, and conscientiousness offer the greatest increase in validity when combined with general cognitive ability. Blending past research knowledge with the principles of personnel selection can provide the necessary foundation with which to engage in theory-driven, longitudinal studies on otolaryngology resident selection moving forward.

scholarly journals Self-Control and Emotional and Verbal Aggression in Dating Relationships: A Dyadic Understanding

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (22) ◽  
pp. 3551-3571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Baker ◽  
Katherine M. Klipfel ◽  
Manfred H. M. van Dulmen
Keyword(s):  
Partner Violence ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Verbal Aggression ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Dating Relationships ◽  
Developmental Systems ◽  
Systems Perspective

Guided by the dynamic developmental systems perspective, this study extends past research by examining the association between self-control and emotional and verbal aggression (EVA) using a dyadic multi-method design. Guided by empirical research and the dynamic developmental systems perspective, we hypothesized that (a) there would be a negative association between one’s own self-control and one’s own perpetration of EVA and (b) there would also be a negative association between one’s partner’s self-control and one’s own perpetration of EVA. One hundred twenty heterosexual dating couples (ages 18-25 years) provided data on self-control (Grasmick et al.’s Low Self-Control Scale; reverse scored for ease of interpretation), self-reported perpetration of EVA (Emotional and Verbal Abuse subscale of the Conflict in Adolescent Dating Relationships Inventory), and observationally assessed perpetration of EVA. Data were analyzed using path analyses within the Actor–Partner Interdependence Model (APIM) framework. Consistent with previous findings, we found that self-control was negatively associated with the perpetration of EVA. Furthermore, we found partner effects, such that female—but not male—self-control predicted partner-observed perpetration of EVA. These findings highlight the importance of examining risk factors for EVA of both partners. Our findings also suggest that the association between self-control and EVA is partially a function of whether EVA is assessed through self-report or observational methodology. This highlights the need to conduct multi-method assessments in future research. As discussed in the article, our findings have implications for theories on intimate partner violence, study designs, and couple interventions.

The relationship of personality to cognitive characteristics and SME performance in Tanzania

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 667-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nsubili Isaga
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cognitive Characteristics ◽  
Entrepreneurial Characteristics ◽  
Medium Enterprise ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeFocussing on the relationship between personality traits and small and medium enterprise (SME) performance in Tanzania’s furniture sector, the purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of cognitive characteristics as a mediating variable.Design/methodology/approachA total of 300 SMEs in furniture sectors from four different regions in Tanzania were involved in this study. Structural equation modelling approach was used to test simultaneously the direct and the indirect effects of the characteristics of the entrepreneurs on the SMEs performance.FindingsThe findings show that personality traits have a significant influence on SMEs performance through cognitive characteristics.Research limitations/implicationsThe study’s data were collected from businesses in only one industry (furniture) in Tanzania. Future research may extend the approach to other business sectors.Practical implicationsSince entrepreneurial characteristics are considered an important driver of a country’s economic development and performance, it is hoped that governments and sector associations implement suitable policies and incentives to develop an entrepreneurial culture among citizens.Originality/valueCurrent knowledge about entrepreneurial characteristics and their relationship with SME performance in developing countries, especially Tanzania, is very limited. The present study suggests that cognitive characteristics are necessary mediators of the link between personality traits and SME performance.

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