Improving Otolaryngology Residency Selection Using Principles from Personnel Psychology

2017 ◽  
Vol 156 (6) ◽  
pp. 981-984 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah N. Bowe ◽  
Adrienne M. Laury ◽  
Stacey T. Gray
Keyword(s):  
Personnel Selection ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Research Knowledge ◽  
Integrity Tests ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Resident Selection ◽  
Personnel Psychology

There has been a heightened focus on improving the resident selection process, particularly within highly competitive specialties. Previous research, however, has generally lacked a theoretical background, leading to inconsistent and biased results. Our recently published systematic review examining applicant characteristics and performance in residency can provide historical insight into the predictors (ie, constructs) and outcomes (ie, criteria) previously deemed pertinent by the otolaryngology community. Personnel psychology uses evidence-based practices to identify the most qualified candidates for employment using a variety of selection methods. Extensive research in this discipline has shown that integrity tests, structured interviews, work samples, and conscientiousness offer the greatest increase in validity when combined with general cognitive ability. Blending past research knowledge with the principles of personnel selection can provide the necessary foundation with which to engage in theory-driven, longitudinal studies on otolaryngology resident selection moving forward.

scholarly journals Comparative Reliability of Structured Versus Unstructured Interviews in the Admission Process of a Residency Program

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 517-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle Blouin ◽  
Andrew G. Day ◽  
Andrey Pavlov
Keyword(s):  
Residency Program ◽  
Variance Components ◽  
Critical Incident ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Job Analysis ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Admission Process ◽  
Resident Selection ◽  
Overall Reliability

Abstract Background Although never directly compared, structured interviews are reported as being more reliable than unstructured interviews. This study compared the reliability of both types of interview when applied to a common pool of applicants for positions in an emergency medicine residency program. Methods In 2008, one structured interview was added to the two unstructured interviews traditionally used in our resident selection process. A formal job analysis using the critical incident technique guided the development of the structured interview tool. This tool consisted of 7 scenarios assessing 4 of the domains deemed essential for success as a resident in this program. The traditional interview tool assessed 5 general criteria. In addition to these criteria, the unstructured panel members were asked to rate each candidate on the same 4 essential domains rated by the structured panel members. All 3 panels interviewed all candidates. Main outcomes were the overall, interitem, and interrater reliabilities, the correlations between interview panels, and the dimensionality of each interview tool. Results Thirty candidates were interviewed. The overall reliability reached 0.43 for the structured interview, and 0.81 and 0.71 for the unstructured interviews. Analyses of the variance components showed a high interrater, low interitem reliability for the structured interview, and a high interrater, high interitem reliability for the unstructured interviews. The summary measures from the 2 unstructured interviews were significantly correlated, but neither was correlated with the structured interview. Only the structured interview was multidimensional. Conclusions A structured interview did not yield a higher overall reliability than both unstructured interviews. The lower reliability is explained by a lower interitem reliability, which in turn is due to the multidimensionality of the interview tool. Both unstructured panels consistently rated a single dimension, even when prompted to assess the 4 specific domains established as essential to succeed in this residency program.

Reclaiming Personality Traits for Personnel Selection: Self-Esteem as an Illustrative Case

1988 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Hollenbeck ◽  
Ellen M. Whitener
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Personnel Selection ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Illustrative Case ◽  
Personality Measures ◽  
And Performance

Previous reviews documenting the low validity and utility associ-ated with personality measures should not lead researchers in the area of personnel selection to abandon the use of such variables. The lack offindings in past research can be explained by (a) misspecification of the model by anticipating direct effects; (b) inadequate statistical power; and (c) contamination of measures by relying on self-report or observational methods. An alternative model in which personality measures have interactive effects with ability tests in predicting per-formance provides a stronger theoretical rationale to support a rela-tionship between personality variables and performance. Sample sizes also need to be increased significantly in order to provide adequate tests of the validity of personality measures in personnel selection. Measures of personality traits based on perception and judgment pro-vide a more promising approach to obtaining less contaminated in-dices. Future research that avoids the problems of the past may pro-vide a more positive picture of the utility of personality traits as screening devices.

scholarly journals Association Between Internal Medicine Residency Applicant Characteristics and Performance on ACGME Milestones During Intern Year

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-222
Author(s):  
Blair P. Golden ◽  
Bruce L. Henschen ◽  
David T. Liss ◽  
Sara L. Kiely ◽  
Aashish K. Didwania
Keyword(s):  
Internal Medicine ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Internal Medicine Residency ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Multivariable Model ◽  
Medicine Clerkship ◽  
Residency Selection ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Early Performance ◽  
Resident Selection

ABSTRACT Background Residency programs apply varying criteria to the resident selection process. However, it is unclear which applicant characteristics reflect preparedness for residency. Objective We determined the applicant characteristics associated with first-year performance in internal medicine residency as assessed by performance on Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) Milestones. Methods We examined the association between applicant characteristics and performance on ACGME Milestones during intern year for individuals entering Northwestern University's internal medicine residency between 2013 and 2018. We used bivariate analysis and a multivariable linear regression model to determine the association between individual factors and Milestone performance. Results Of 203 eligible residents, 198 (98%) were included in the final sample. One hundred fourteen residents (58%) were female, and 116 residents (59%) were White. Mean Step 1 and Step 2 CK scores were 245.5 (SD 12.0) and 258 (SD 10.8) respectively. Step 1 scores, Alpha Omega Alpha membership, medicine clerkship grades, and interview scores were not associated with Milestone performance in the bivariate analysis and were not included in the multivariable model. In the multivariable model, overall clerkship grades, ranking of the medical school, and year entering residency were significantly associated with Milestone performance (P ≤ .04). Conclusions Most traditional metrics used in residency selection were not associated with early performance on ACGME Milestones during internal medicine residency.

scholarly journals SELECTION METHOD AND PERFORMANCE OF FACULTY MEMBERS: EVIDENCES FROM PUBLIC SECTOR BUSINESS INSTITUTIONS

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-132
Author(s):  
Noor Jehan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
Selection Method ◽  
Faculty Members ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Utmost Care ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Students Satisfaction ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose- The main purpose of the study is to compare the selection criteria of the faculty members in order to find its effect on the performance of persons selected. The main idea was that the employee delivery of work is linked with the way they are chosen. Methodology /Sample- The research focused on four business institutes of Peshawar. The Data was collected through structured interviews from the heads and registrar while questionnaires from students of the same organization. Findings- The study found that there is a similarity in the combination of the faculty while difference in selection and students’ satisfaction level. It was concluded that selection process is closely linked to the performance of teachers. Practical Implications- The findings imply that selection process has lasting effects on the delivery of service and it must be dealt with utmost care. The first step in inducting employee necessitates equality of procedure.

scholarly journals Selecting for Flair Factors: Improving the Selection Process

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cam Caldwell ◽  
Michael S. Beverage ◽  
Patrick D. Converse
Keyword(s):  
Personnel Selection ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Communication Effectiveness ◽  
Assessment Centers ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Writing Assignments ◽  
Selection Processes ◽  
Effective Selection ◽  
Situational Assessment ◽  
Selection Tools

Purpose: This article examines the importance of selecting for “flair factors,” or those differentiating personal qualities that make the critical difference in achieving superior outcomes in modern organizations.Design/methodology/approach: Conceptual research about flair factors, key predictors of performance, and effective selection tools are reviewed and propositions related to improving the personnel selection process are developed.Findings: This review reveals six flair factors—grit, execution, general intelligence, emotional intelligence, personal integrity, and communication effectiveness—as well as three selection tools—structured interviews, situational assessment writing assignments, and assessment centers—that can improve the selection process.Originality/value: This article highlights the overlooked concept of flair factors in the selection process, identifies six factors that are vital for successful employee selection, suggests three tools to improve selection processes, and presents five propositions for practitioners and scholars.

scholarly journals Geography Teachers’ Opinions Regarding the Teaching Field Knowledge Test in the Public Personnel Selection Exam

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Abdullah Türker
Keyword(s):  
Content Validity ◽  
Personnel Selection ◽  
Teacher Candidates ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Teacher Competence ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Knowledge Test ◽  
Majority Opinion ◽  
General Ability

The number of teacher candidates is increasing as a result of the excessive quotas given to departments that train teacher candidates and the right to teach different branches with pedagogical formation certificates. Therefore it becomes compulsory to hold selection exams in teacher appointments. The exams carried out during this selection process undergo changes over time both in number and content. While exams containing questions of general knowledge, general ability, and educational sciences were used in teacher appointments in Turkey since 2002, the field knowledge test has also been applied since 2013. Geography is also one of the branches in which the field knowledge exam is applied. This study aims to evaluate the field knowledge exam according to the views of geography teachers. The study conducted in a phenomenology pattern, one of the qualitative research methods, was carried out with 25 geography teachers determined by criterion sampling methods. The data collected through semi-structured interviews were analyzed by descriptive analysis method. Direct quotations are included to increase the reliability of the research. In line with the opinions of the geography teachers, it was determined that as it increases teacher competence, taking the field knowledge exam is important and necessary. The majority opinion is that increasing the number of questions in the field knowledge exam in 2019 increased the content validity of the exam. As it caused changes in the questions, the field knowledge exam duration was considered to be excessive by some participants. According to the views of the geography teachers, undergraduate education did not coincide with the scope of the field knowledge test. It was determined that most of the candidates went to the course in the exam preparation process in order to fill the deficiencies. As a result of the research, it is recommended that the number of questions in the field knowledge test, the content validity should increase further, and the effect of the field knowledge test on the scoring basis for appointment should be further increased.

Incorporating Interpersonal Skills into Otolaryngology Resident Selection and Training

2017 ◽  
Vol 158 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yemeng Lu-Myers ◽  
Christopher G. Myers
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Interpersonal Skills ◽  
Health Care Organizations ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Leadership Skills ◽  
Residency Programs ◽  
Resident Selection ◽  
Personnel Psychology ◽  
Independent Work ◽  
Organizational Science

Increasing attention has been paid to the selection of otolaryngology residents, a highly competitive process but one with room for improvement. A recent commentary in this journal recommended that residency programs more thoroughly incorporate theory and evidence from personnel psychology (part of the broader field of organizational science) in the resident selection process. However, the focus of this recommendation was limited to applicants’ cognitive abilities and independent work-oriented traits (eg, conscientiousness). We broaden this perspective to consider critical interpersonal skills and traits that enhance resident effectiveness in interdependent health care organizations and we expand beyond the emphasis on selection to consider how these skills can be honed during residency. We advocate for greater use of standardized team-based care simulations, which can aid in assessing and developing the key interpersonal leadership skills necessary for success as an otolaryngology resident.

Theoretizing A New Sustainable Business Event: Extension of Mair and Jago Model

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Norol Hamiza Zamzuri ◽  
Khairil Wahidin Awang ◽  
Yuhanis Abdul Aziz ◽  
Zaiton Samdin
Keyword(s):  
Social Impact ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Sustainable Business ◽  
Knowledge Resources ◽  
Business Events ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Event Based

The growth of the event sector is underpinned by the demand of organizing a business event.  Thus, it leads to an increase in economic and social impact. However, the problems from the growth of this sector potentially results from the use of several event materials, transportation and infrastructure development.  Organizing a green event is seen as one of the strategies to reduce the environmental impact.  Therefore, the aim of this paper is to explore the issues involved throughout the process of greening an event by applying Mair and Jago Model.  Semi-structured interviews were conducted with event managers from six Malaysia business event companies that encourage green practices during their event.  Findings suggest that impact, initiative, support and performance motivates event organizers in organizing a green event.  It has also been found that knowledge, resources and behaviour are the barriers faced by event organizers throughout the process of organizing a green event.  Based on the findings it appears that two important factors have emerged from the data collection and analysis that showed a deviation from the Mair and Jago Model, namely “impact” for the motivation element and “support” for the barrier element.  The main limitation of this study was the scope of the study; as it only focuses on business events.  However, as the main purpose of this study is to explore the issues of organizing a green event, it has been found that there are other issues need to be explored in other contexts and geographical area.  Apart from this, as this is a case study, it can only replicate according to the circumstances of this case study. However, this study can be generalized in terms of the theory that has emerged from it.  It is suggested that further research should explore more issues in other contexts and geographical areas. 

scholarly journals The Impact of Social Media Use on Consumers’ Restaurant Consumption Experiences: A Qualitative Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6581
Author(s):  
Jooyoung Hwang ◽  
Anita Eves ◽  
Jason L. Stienmetz
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
High Standards ◽  
Tourism And Hospitality Industry ◽  
Tourism And Hospitality ◽  
Search For Information ◽  
The Impact

Travellers have high standards and regard restaurants as important travel attributes. In the tourism and hospitality industry, the use of developed tools (e.g., smartphones and location-based tablets) has been popularised as a way for travellers to easily search for information and to book venues. Qualitative research using semi-structured interviews based on the face-to-face approach was adopted for this study to examine how consumers’ restaurant selection processes are performed with the utilisation of social media on smartphones. Then, thematic analysis was adopted. The findings of this research show that the adoption of social media on smartphones is positively related with consumers’ gratification. More specifically, when consumers regard that process, content and social gratification are satisfied, their intention to adopt social media is fulfilled. It is suggested by this study that consumers’ restaurant decision-making process needs to be understood, as each stage of the decision-making process is not independent; all the stages of the restaurant selection process are organically connected and influence one another.

The Use of Microcomputer Simulations in Undergraduate Neurophysiology Experiments

1987 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 134-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.A. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Microcomputer System ◽  
Laboratory Equipment ◽  
Teaching Objectives ◽  
Compound Action Potentials ◽  
Experimental Management ◽  
And Performance

Practical classes in neurophysiology reinforce and complement the theoretical background in a number of ways, including demonstration of concepts, practice in planning and performance of experiments, and the production and maintenance of viable neural preparations. The balance of teaching objectives will depend upon the particular group of students involved. A technique is described which allows the embedding of real compound action potentials from one of the most basic introductory neurophysiology experiments—frog sciatic nerve, into interactive programs for student use. These retain all the elements of the “real experiment” in terms of appearance, presentation, experimental management and measurement by the student. Laboratory reports by the students show that the experiments are carefully and enthusiastically performed and the material is well absorbed. Three groups of student derive most benefit from their use. First, students whose future careers will not involve animal experiments do not spend time developing dissecting skills they will not use, but more time fulfilling the other teaching objectives. Second, relatively inexperienced students, struggling to produce viable neural material and master complicated laboratory equipment, who are often left with little time or motivation to take accurate readings or ponder upon neurophysiological concepts. Third, students in institutions where neurophysiology is taught with difficulty because of the high cost of equipment and lack of specific expertise, may well have access to a low cost general purpose microcomputer system.

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