scholarly journals Networks, Proximities, and Interfirm Knowledge Exchanges

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 377-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Usai ◽  
Emanuela Marrocu ◽  
Raffaele Paci
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Alliances ◽  
Preferential Attachment ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Five Dimensions ◽  
Social Proximity ◽  
Relevant Effect ◽  
Set Up

Building on previous literature that provides extensive evidence concerning flows of knowledge generated by interfirm agreements, in this article, we aim to analyze how the occurrence of such collaborations is driven by multidimensional proximity among participants and by their position within firms’ networks. More specifically, we assess how the likelihood that two firms set up a partnership is influenced by their bilateral geographical, technological, organizational, institutional, and social proximity and by their position within networks. Our analysis is based on agreements in the form of joint ventures or strategic alliances, announced over the period 2005–2012, in which at least one partner is localized in Italy. We consider the full range of economic activities, which allows us to offer a general scenario and to investigate specifically the role of technological relatedness across different sectors. The econometric analysis, based on the logistic framework for rare events, provided three noteworthy results. First, all five dimensions of proximity jointly exert a positive and relevant effect in determining the probability of interfirm knowledge exchanges, signaling that they complement each other rather than function as alternative channels. Second, the highest impact on probability is due to technological proximity, followed by organizational, geographical, and institutional proximities, while social proximity has a limited effect. Third, we find evidence concerning the positive role played by networks, through preferential attachment effects, in enhancing the probability of interfirm agreements.

MODERNIZATION OF ENGINEERING EDUCATION IN A REGIONAL UNIVERSITY IN THE CONDITIONS OF ITS ESTABLISHMENT AS A UNIVERSITY CENTER FOR INNOVATIVE, TECHNOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE REGION: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (98) ◽  
pp. 136-152
Author(s):  
SVETLANA V. EGORENKOVA ◽  
VLADIMIR V. ERMILOV ◽  
ALEKSANDR O. KOCHNEV
Keyword(s):  
Engineering Education ◽  
Software Systems ◽  
State University ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
University Center ◽  
Regional University ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Training Organization

The paper discusses the problems and challenges of engineering education, aspects of its modernization in the context of project training organization at universities that is based on the principles of CDIO, focused on generating innovation and addressing the specific needs of the regional economy. In the article, the authors cite and summarize the experience of software organization in four universities that have successfully implemented and used software: Astrakhan State University, Moscow Polytechnic University, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University and Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics. Information on the implementation of software in ChSU is also used. By analyzing information, the authors draw conclusions relating to the positive role of project learning (introduced and practiced in universities) for the development of regions, the necessary measures to set up software systems at universities.

The Bubble Behaviour under Effect of Centrifugal Force

2008 ◽  
Vol 39-40 ◽  
pp. 475-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladislava Tonarová ◽  
Lubomír Nĕmec
Keyword(s):  
Centrifugal Force ◽  
Initial Composition ◽  
Centrifugal Field ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Bubble Separation ◽  
Partial Filling ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Small Bubbles ◽  
Bubble Behaviour

The fining process may be enhanced by acting of additive force on bubbles in the glass melt. This study deals with behaviour of single bubbles under effect of centrifugal force in a rotating discontinuous cylinder with glass melt. The model of a single bubble in the combined gravitational and centrifugal field has been set up and calculations of bubble behaviour in the cylinder have been performed for the model TV glass. Two mechanisms of bubble separation were indicated from results of calculations, i.e. the complete dissolution and separation by centrifugal force. The first mechanism is restricted to areas close to cylinder mantel and exhibits relatively long bubble dissolution times. The analysis of model and results revealed the potentially positive role of increasing cylinder radius and partial filling of rotating cylinder with glass melt. The bubble separation is considerably influenced by bubble dissolution or growth during centrifuging, thus the crucial role in this process plays temperature and the bubble initial composition. The until now results show that at lower temperatures the bubbles should contain low content of gases well soluble in glass, to admit higher rotation velocities. Whereas to be enabled the transport of chemically soluble gases from the melt into the bubbles at high temperatures, the bubbles have to be treated at lower rotation velocities (ω =25 – 50 s-1). The small bubbles tend to dissolve close to the cylinder mantle, but from other cylinder regions they have to be separated by centrifuging, and this is a very slow process. Some pretreatments of the glass melt is considered to get rid of bubbles having size under 0.1 mm.

The Role of Strategic Alliances in the International Organization of Industry

1993 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1229-1246 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Ahern
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Alliances ◽  
Small Firms ◽  
Resource Dependence ◽  
Resource Dependence Theory ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Partial Synthesis ◽  
Foreign Markets ◽  
Efficient Access

In this study the motivations for entering international strategic alliances are investigated. The reasons for alliance entry reflect the ways firms are restructuring economic activities. A theoretical basis for the study is built from the conceptual arguments of transaction-cost theory and resource-dependence theory. A partial synthesis of the two approaches suggests that alliances are especially well suited to the combined pursuit of increased efficiency and reduced uncertainty. The empirical investigation is based on a series of thirteen case studies, each involving a small Canadian firm and a foreign partner. Growth resulting from efficient access to foreign markets was an important reason for Canadian firms to enter alliances. Collaboration enabled small firms to learn about market demand. This information reduced the uncertainty of international marketing, and was used to guide the development and modification of products. Complementary abilities, where the Canadian firms offered technology and their foreign partners had marketing capabilities, were at the heart of most alliances. In general, alliances were considered necessary to protect proprietary information and to forge strong links with firms taking over important downstream functions.

Combined Famd and ANOVA Investigation Leads to Significant Association Between the hOCT1/ABCB1 Diplotype and Both Efficacy and Tolerability in Patients Affected By Chronic Myeloid Leukemia

Blood ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 126 (23) ◽  
pp. 4838-4838
Author(s):  
Sara Galimberti ◽  
Laura Galeotti ◽  
Francesco Ceccherini ◽  
Dario Domingo ◽  
Marco Laurino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Model ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Five Dimensions ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Color Map

Abstract Background. In spite of the dramatically positive changes in the outcome of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) patients due to the introduction of imatinib, several aspects of both the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of this TKI remain unclear. In particular, the possible relations between patients' specific characteristics and the efficacy and toxicity of treatment are still matter of debate. Aim of the study. The purpose of this study was twofold: 1) set up an innovative and unsupervised mathematical model that helps in explaining the variability of imatinib plasma levels through the analysis of the main pharmacokinetic parameters in terms of patient-specific features as BMI, renal and hepatic function, alpha1-acid glycoprotein, age, sex and polymorphisms of transporters; 2) set up a specifically tailored analysis of variance technique which allows to detect in limited databases also possible correlations between efficacy, toxicity and genetic covariates either as single SNP or in the form of more complex combinations of different polymorphisms. Patients and Methods. The study has been carried out on 53 CML adult patients (30 males and 23 females) receiving imatinib as first-line therapy at the Section of Hematology of the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine of the University of Pisa and from the Department of Internal Medicine of Orbassano, Turin. Patients gave their informed consent to the participation to the study before enrollment. The pharmacokinetic model has been constructed following the indication of the Factor Analysis of Mixed Data (FAMD), a procedure that permitted us to select the possible important covariates and eventually which of them aggregate in a single factor using an unsupervised approach. For what concerns imatinib pharmacodynamics, we studied first the possible relation between treatment efficacy and genetic covariates (either as single SNPs or diplotypes) and then whether the pharmacogenetic variables obtained are also relevant for the tolerability of the drug. The genetic variables considered were represented by the following polymorphisms: rs72552763 [MI420I], rs12208357 [c.181C>T] and rs683369 [c.480C>G] (hOCT1), rs1128503 [c.1236C>T], rs2032582 [c.2677G>T/A] and rs1045642 [c.3435C>T] (ABCB1), rs4149117 [c.334G>T] (SLCO1B3). Results. The FAMD procedure allowed us to identify three main factors (single or aggregated covariates) which properly included in the pharmacokinetic model reduced significantly the uncertainties on all pharmacokinetic parameters. The selected factors are: hOCT1 polymorphism c.480C>G, a combination of BMI and gender and the glomerular filtration rate. Such a procedure led to ka = 0.786 ± 5.9 %, c1 = 0.0282 ± 24.5 %, where ka and c1 are the absorption and elimination rate, respectively. Through our investigation of the pharmacodynamics, we found that both the complete cytogenetic response (CCyR) and the maximum toxicity are related to a particular combination of hOCT1 rs683369 [c.480C>G] and ABCB1 rs1045642 [c.3435C>T] polymorphisms. Furthermore, since the toxic effects of the drug have a strong incidence on the discontinuation of the therapy, we have studied whether the manifestation and the onset time of the most frequent specific toxic effects of Imatinib can be associated to the genetic characteristics of the patients and/or to a combination of them. Edema toxicity has resulted to be correlated with combinations between c.3435C>T and gender or ABCB1 rs1128503 [c.1236C>T]. Cramp toxicity has resulted to be correlated to gender alone or in combination with SCLO1B3 rs4149117 [c.334G>T]. Discussion. Results of this study obtained provide relevant insights on the role of covariates in imatinib treatment and suggest that FAMD analyses in combination with ANOVA tests may allow the unsupervised identification of covariates that significantly affect drug disposition and pharmacodynamics. Figure 1. Color map of the mean values (left) and coefficient of variation (right) of contributions of ten covariates on the first five dimensions. In the color map of the mean values, greater is the value (darker color), more important is the role of the covariate in the dimension. Figure 1. Color map of the mean values (left) and coefficient of variation (right) of contributions of ten covariates on the first five dimensions. In the color map of the mean values, greater is the value (darker color), more important is the role of the covariate in the dimension. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals A REVIEW OF CLINICAL LEGAL EDUCATION’S (CLE) EXPERIENCE IN UNIVERSITI SAINS ISLAM MALAYSIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-46
Author(s):  
Norsuhaida Che Musa ◽  
Nor Fadzlina Nawi
Keyword(s):  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Learning Strategy ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
Legal Education ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Law Students ◽  
Written Feedback ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Set Up

Various research has given valuable insights into the positive role of Clinical Legal Education (CLE). However, there is a dearth of empirical data reviewing the set-up of CLE in public law schools in Malaysia and assessing its role as a teaching and learning strategy in legal education. This paper summarises the development and structure of the Faculty of Syariah and Law's Legal Clinic pilot initiative at the Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM). It assesses the impacts of the initiative on students' learning experience. The assessment involved a content analysis of written feedback given by a batch of pioneer students selected to join the FSU Legal Clinics pilot project in 2019. The findings indicated that the students believe exposure to the legal clinic increases their comprehension of the law's application and provides awareness of the professional skills and values involved in the legal profession. The sample is small, and the findings are preliminary. However, it is hoped that the results will inform legal curriculum developers of the benefits that law students derived from their clinical experience and provide a basis for further research into formally including clinical legal education in the FSU legal curriculum. This paper also advocates that although setting up, planning and organising activities for a successful legal clinic involved a great deal of preparation, it would benefit students and be integral to teaching and learning strategy in legal education in FSU USIM.

Are Three Items Sufficient to Measure Sense of Coherence?

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 229-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Chiesi ◽  
Andrea Bonacchi ◽  
Caterina Primi ◽  
Alessandro Toccafondi ◽  
Guido Miccinesi
Keyword(s):  
Sense Of Coherence ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Measure Sense

Abstract. The present study aimed at evaluating if the three-item sense of coherence (SOC) scale developed by Lundberg and Nystrom Peck (1995) can be effectively used for research purpose in both nonclinical and clinical samples. To provide evidence that it represents adequately the measured construct we tested its validity in a nonclinical (N = 658) and clinical sample (N = 764 patients with cancer). Results obtained in the nonclinical sample attested a positive relation of SOC – as measured by the three-item SOC scale – with Antonovsky’s 13-item and 29-item SOC scales (convergent validity), and with dispositional optimism, sense of mastery, anxiety, and depression symptoms (concurrent validity). Results obtained in the clinical sample confirmed the criterion validity of the scale attesting the positive role of SOC – as measured by the three-item SOC scale – on the person’s capacity to respond to illness and treatment. The current study provides evidence that the three-item SOC scale is a valid, low-loading, and time-saving instrument for research purposes on large sample.

A reconnaissance of tropical resources during Revolutionary years: the role of the Paris Museum d'Histoire Naturelle

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
MADELEINE LY-TIO-FANE
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
War Of Independence ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Scientific Principles ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Joseph Ii

SUMMARY The recent extensive literature on exploration and the resulting scientific advances has failed to highlight the contribution of Austrian enterprise to the study of natural history. The leading role of Joseph II among the neutral powers which assumed the carrying trade of the belligerents during the American War of Independence, furthered the development of collections for the Schönbrunn Park and Gardens which had been set up on scientific principles by his parents. On the conclusion of peace, Joseph entrusted to Professor Maerter a world-encompassing mission in the course of which the Chief Gardener Franz Boos and his assistant Georg Scholl travelled to South Africa to collect plants and animals. Boos pursued the mission to Isle de France and Bourbon (Mauritius and Reunion), conveyed by the then unknown Nicolas Baudin. He worked at the Jardin du Roi, Pamplemousses, with Nicolas Cere, or at Palma with Joseph Francois Charpentier de Cossigny. The linkage of Austrian and French horticultural expertise created a situation fraught with opportunities which were to lead Baudin to the forefront of exploration and scientific research as the century closed in the upheaval of the Revolutionary Wars.

Beyond the Social Determinants of Health

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Laura Hall ◽  
Urpi Pine ◽  
Tanya Shute
Keyword(s):  
Labour Force ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Indigenous Women ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Social ◽  
Weather Changes ◽  
People First

Abstract This paper will reflect on key findings from a Summer 2017 initiative entitled The Role of Culture and Land-Based Healing in Addressing and Ending Violence against Indigenous Women and Two-Spirited People. The Indigenist and decolonizing methodological approach of this work ensured that all research was grounded in experiential and reciprocal ways of learning. Two major findings guide the next phase of this research, complicating the premise that traditional economic activities are healing for Indigenous women and Two-Spirit people. First, the complexities of the mainstream labour force were raised numerous times. Traditional economies are pressured in ongoing ways through exploitative labour practices. Secondly, participants emphasized the importance of attending to the responsibility of nurturing, enriching, and sustaining the wellbeing of soil, water, and original seeds in the process of creating renewal gardens as a healing endeavour. In other words, we have an active role to play in healing the environment and not merely using the environment to heal ourselves. Gardening as research and embodied knowledge was stressed by extreme weather changes including hail in June, 2018, which meant that participants spent as much time talking about the healing of the earth and her systems as the healing of Indigenous women in a context of ongoing colonialism.

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