scholarly journals The Effects of Pollution and Business Environment on Firm Productivity in Africa

2020 ◽  
pp. 016001762093157
Author(s):  
Maria E. Soppelsa ◽  
Nancy Lozano-Gracia ◽  
L. Colin Xu
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Firm Performance ◽  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Agglomeration Economies ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Firm Productivity ◽  
Labor Productivity Growth ◽  
Pollution Levels

In this article, we explore the links between city competitiveness and air pollution and business environment. Because competitive cities not only attract more productive firms but also facilitate their business, we choose to look at firm performance as a proxy for city competitiveness. We particularly focus on African firms because this region is developing fast, experiencing increasing pollution levels and the effects of agglomeration economies. We find two interesting results. First, the negative association between air pollution and firm performance can be seen at lower than expected levels of pollution. Second, the effects of capacity agglomeration on labor productivity growth are stronger compared to other regions. These findings suggest that cities in this region should address pollution issues soon, as they continue to grow fast and pollution levels are becoming an increasing concern.

Opportunities for accelerating labor productivity growth: The role of small and medium enterprises

2020 ◽  
pp. 98-114
Author(s):  
Evguenia V. Bessonova ◽  
Alexander G. Morozov ◽  
Natalia A. Turdyeva ◽  
Anna N. Tsvetkova
Keyword(s):  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Business Climate ◽  
Labor Productivity Growth ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
Medium Firms

The paper considers necessary conditions for acceleration of labor productivity growth in Russia. Based on micro data, as well as aggregate data, the paper quantifies the contribution of small and medium firms to labor productivity growth. It shows that mere increase of the number of small and medium enterprises is not as important for positive effects of these programs, as qualitative improvements: development of favorable environment for growth, which is largely determined by business climate. Accelerating productivity growth involves redistribution of labor and capital from inefficient to efficient enterprises. In particular, it is necessary to create conditions, which allow a firm to grow after it enters the market instead of stagnating as a small firm with low efficiency. At the same time, it is necessary for ineffective firms, which exhausted their growth potential, to have an opportunity to exit the market easily leaving resources including labor to fast-growing companies.

scholarly journals Intangible Assets and Labor Productivity Growth

Economies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Carolina Hintzmann ◽  
Josep Lladós-Masllorens ◽  
Raul Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Intangible Assets ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Intangible Asset ◽  
Labor Productivity Growth ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Different Types ◽  
European Economies ◽  
D Investment

We examine the contribution to labor productivity growth in the manufacturing sector of investment in different intangible asset categories—computerized information, innovative property, and economic competencies—for a set of 18 European countries between 1995 and 2017, as well as whether this contribution varies between different groups of countries. The motivation is to go a step further and identify which single or combination of intangible assets are relevant. The main findings can be summarized as follows. Firstly, all the three different categories of intangible assets contribute to labor productivity growth. In particular, intangible assets related to economic competences together with innovative property assets have been identified as the main drivers; specifically, advertising and marketing, organizational capital, research and development (R&D) investment, and design. Secondly, splitting the sample of European Union (EU) member states into three groups—northern, central and southern Europe—allows for the identification of a significant differentiated behavior between and within groups, in terms of the effects of investment in intangible assets on labor productivity growth. We conclude that measures promoting investment in intangibles at EU level should be accompanied by specific measures focusing on each country’s needs, for the purpose of promoting labor productivity growth. The obtained evidence suggests that the solution for the innovation deficit of some European economies consist not only of raising R&D expenditure, but also exploiting complementarities between different types of assets.

scholarly journals Managed attenuation of the mining enterprise as a component of the development strategy of the territory

2020 ◽  
Vol 177 ◽  
pp. 05005
Author(s):  
Dmitriy Yadransky ◽  
Elena Chumak ◽  
Rinat Latypov
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Middle Urals ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Industrial Region ◽  
Labor Productivity Growth ◽  
Balanced Development ◽  
Mining Enterprise ◽  
Logical Modeling

The article critically examines the positive and negative consequences of labor productivity growth at mining enterprises in the conditions of the old industrial region. It is suggested that for enterprises of the middle Urals it is necessary to form a mining production development strategy based on the directions of the regional strategy, which is not always connected with labor productivity growth by increasing mining volumes. The article is aimed at studying the factors affecting the prospects of mining enterprises activity from the standpoint of choosing strategic alternatives to their development. The methods of analysis: logical analysis, structural analysis, logical modeling, literature analysis. Using the logical modeling method, the following hypothesis was verified: that mining enterprises strategic development features in the conditions of an old industrial region should consider the strategy of municipalities in which these enterprises are located. For such mining enterprises, the increase in productivity through increased production is not unequivocally positive. It is concluded that in order to ensure the activities coherence of regions and enterprises, it is necessary to ensure balanced development, which can be achieved through the application of a managed strategy attenuation of the mining enterprise.

scholarly journals The potential for labor productivity growth in the context of digital transformation

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 47-66
Author(s):  
Marina A. Borovskaya ◽  
Marina A. Masych ◽  
Tatyana V. Fedosova
Keyword(s):  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Labor Productivity Growth

Labor productivity growth factors

2021 ◽  
pp. 38-42
Author(s):  
Niazi Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Industrial Enterprise ◽  
Labor Productivity Growth ◽  
Domestic Enterprise

The modern strategy of economic development of Russia, which is aimed at restructuring the economy, requires, first of all, the search for new and improvement of existing ways of increasing labor productivity at any domestic enterprise. That is why the issues of creating effective motives and incentives for increasing labor productivity as an important tool for the development of an industrial enterprise are relevant.

On the conditions of labor productivity growth in agriculture of the Sverdlovsk region

2020 ◽  
pp. 35-45
Author(s):  
E. Potaptseva ◽  
S. Smirnykh
Keyword(s):  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Labor Productivity Growth ◽  
City District

Agricultural production is one of the most labor-intensive in the world. In our country, at the same time with large labor costs, the agricultural sector is characterized by low wages. This state of affairs in the industry makes relevant research on the identification of factors of labor productivity growth. In addition, it is necessary to develop methods for creating high-performance jobs. The data of the Federal State Statistics Service and the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation formed the informational basis of this study. There were also used information officially distributed by the Ministry of Agriculture and Food of the Sverdlovsk region. The research is based on the results of the author's survey of managers and specialists of agricultural enterprises located in the Talitsky city district of the Sverdlovsk region. The study focuses on the study and analysis of the dynamics of the development of the agricultural sector in the region. In conclusion, the conclusions are formulated, and the main factors of labor productivity growth in agriculture of the Sverdlovsk region are identified. The results of the study showed that outdated technical equipment of production has a negative impact on the productivity of labor in the agricultural sector.

Control and Suppression in Sarnia’s Chemical Valley during the 1960s

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 380-412
Author(s):  
OWEN TEMBY
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Policy System ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Clean Air ◽  
Local Air Pollution ◽  
Economic Elites ◽  
Chemical Valley ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The One

During the 1960s, Sarnia was the wealthiest city in Ontario and the one with the dirtiest air. Its economy was dominated by Chemical Valley, the city’s petrochemical industry. Chemical Valley firms and executives were civically active, donating to public causes, dominating the local chamber of commerce, and working closely with provincial and municipal officials to ensure a friendly business environment. They also maintained a monopoly on information about local air pollution levels and were not required by government to adhere to clean air regulations. However, like the rest of the chemical industry at the time, Chemical Valley was exposed to an onslaught of negative publicity, raising the threat of regulation and loss of their control over emissions data and production processes. This article illustrates how economic elites in Sarnia prevented the problematization and regulation of air pollution. In doing so, it describes the actors in the policy system and examines its recourse to suppress dissent when activists sought to raise the air pollution issue.

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