scholarly journals Fragile Political Coalitions: Negotiating Race and Class in the Opt-Out Movement

2021 ◽  
Vol 123 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Terri S. Wilson ◽  
Ana Contreras ◽  
Matthew Hastings
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Opting Out ◽  
Race And Class ◽  
Suburban Communities ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Local Union ◽  
Communities Of Color ◽  
Opt Out

Background/Context Recent movements to “opt out” of state assessments have brought together a broad and diverse group of activists. While many activists foreground concerns of equity and justice, opting out has been concentrated in affluent suburban communities. These differences highlight questions of power and privilege within the movement: in what ways is opting out more acceptable—and politically persuasive—because it has primarily been driven by affluent white communities? How has the opt-out movement incorporated—or elided—the voices, interests, and perspectives of communities of color? Purpose/Objective/Research Question/Focus of Study To explore these questions, this study focuses on how opt-out activists describe the aims of their movement and how they negotiated tensions related to race, power, and privilege in education activism. How might we understand the potential coalitions and fault lines within the diverse opt-out movement? Research Design Drawing on the insights of critical discourse analysis (CDA), we analyze presentations and interactions from a national conference on opting out held in 2016. We focus on publicly accessible video recordings of major sessions (keynotes and panels) to describe how activists describe the aims, strategies, and potential compromises of the opt-out movement. We also draw on several secondary sources of data (social media, webinars, blog posts, and other publications from opt-out leaders) to add context to our analysis. Data Collection and Analysis We use concepts in social movement theory, including movement identity and “splintering,” to frame some emerging fissures among opt-out activists, particularly across lines of class, race, and power. We organize our findings into three interrelated themes, describing how activists framed and negotiated the aims of opting out, often across lines of race and class, and worked to build solidarity amid moments of dissent. Conclusions/Recommendations While politically successful in some respects, the anti-testing coalition remains fragile and divided, leaving its goals for equity-oriented reform uncertain. Certain longstanding issues (the inclusion of communities of color) and particular policy decisions (collaborating with local union and civil rights chapters) have contributed to fractures in the movement. However, activists may capitalize on dissent to expand the boundaries of their movement and build more diverse and expansive networks.

scholarly journals 964. Opt-Out HIV- Hepatitis C (HCV) Testing at a Primary Care Resident Clinic in Columbia, SC: Who Gets Tested and Who Opts Out of Testing?

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S512-S512
Author(s):  
Jodian Pinkney ◽  
Divya Ahuja ◽  
Caroline Derrick ◽  
Martin Durkin
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Opting Out ◽  
Opt Out ◽  
Primary Care Resident ◽  
Hcv Testing

Abstract Background South Carolina (SC) remains one of the most heavily affected states for both HIV and HCV infections. Males account for the majority of cases. Implementation of universal opt-out testing has improved screening rates but not much has been published describing the characteristics of those who opt out of testing. This becomes important as 10-50% of patients have opted out in previous studies. Methods Between February and August 2019, we conducted a quality improvement (QI) project which implemented opt- out HIV-HCV testing at a single primary care resident clinic in SC with the primary aim of increasing screening rates for HIV-HCV by 50%. Secondary aims included describing the demographic characteristics of the opt-out population. Persons were considered eligible for testing if they were between the ages of 18-65 years for HIV and 18-74 years for HCV. This was prior to the USPSTF 2020 guidelines which recommend HCV screening for adults aged 18-79 years. A retrospective chart review was used to obtain screening rates, opt status and demographic data. Logistic regression and the firth model were used to determine linkages between categorical variables. We present 3-month data. Results 1253 patients were seen between May 1, 2019- July 31, 2019 (See Table 1). 985 (78%) were eligible for HIV testing. 482 (49%) were tested for HIV as a result of our QI project and all tests were negative. 212 (22%) of eligible patients opted out of HIV testing. Males were 1.59 times more likely to opt out (p=0.008). (see Table 2,3) Regarding HCV, 1136 (90.7%) were deemed eligible for testing. 503 (44%) were tested for HCV as a result of our QI project. 12 (2.4%) were HCV antibody positive with viremia. 11 (90%) of antibody positive with viremia cases were in the 1945-1965 birth cohort (see Table 4). 244 (21%) opted out of HCV testing. Males and persons without a genitourinary chief complaint were more likely to opt out (p=0.02). Table 1: Demographic characteristics of the population seen at the internal medicine resident clinic between May- July 2019 Table 2: Relationship between demographic variables and the odds of being tested for HIV or HCV within the last 12 months. Logistic Model. Table 3: Relationship between demographic variables and the odds of opting out of testing for HIV or HCV. Firth Model. Conclusion Although implementation of routine HIV-HCV opt-out testing led to increased screening rates for both HIV and HCV, roughly 1 in 5 eligible patients chose to opt out of testing. Males were more likely to opt out despite accounting for the majority of newly diagnosed HCV cases. Future studies investigating drivers for opting-out in the male population could improve testing and assist with early diagnosis. Table 4: Characteristics of patients newly diagnosed with HCV positive with viremia. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

Polish Ethnic Minority in Belarus and Lithuania: Politics, Institutions, and Identities

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Monika Frėjutė-Rakauskienė ◽  
Olga Sasunkevich ◽  
Kristina Šliavaitė
Keyword(s):  
Identity Formation ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Minority Communities ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Institutional Settings ◽  
Cross Case Analysis ◽  
Two Sides ◽  
State Schools

Abstract This article analyzes how institutions influence the process of identity formation within the Polish minority communities in Belarus and Lithuania. We focus on ways that the identities of people who consider themselves Poles in Belarus and Lithuania are targeted by institutions like the state, schools, and nongovernmental organizations. We aim to shed light on how these processes are shaped by institutional settings and broader political contexts. The authors take a bottom-up approach to institutions and look at how members of the Polish communities in the two neighboring countries conceptualize the role of various institutions—NGOs, schools, Karta Polaka (the Polish Card)—to shape their sense of ethnic belonging. The article is built on a cross-case analysis. Data for the Lithuanian and Belarusian cases, consisting of interviews and secondary sources, were collected independently and then reread in light of a common research question. Through our analysis, we show differences and similarities in how analogous institutions function on the two sides of the border and elaborate on the reasons why these differences occur and what role state policy and supranational regulations play in the process.

Primary Teacher Conceptions of Giftedness: Image, Evidence, and Nonevidence

1995 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane C. Rohrer
Keyword(s):  
Single Case ◽  
Portfolio Assessment ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Qualitative Difference ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Primary Teacher ◽  
Early Assessment ◽  
Teacher Interviews ◽  
Secondary Sources

This qualitative multisite single case study is designed to explore the conception of giftedness held by four experienced teachers. These teachers were from three school districts piloting the Early Assessment for Exceptional Potential portfolio assessment model (Shaklee, Barbour, Ambrose, Viechnicki, & Rohrer, 1991). Teacher interviews triangulated by multiple secondary sources were analyzed to answer the research question guiding the study: How do primary teachers conceptualize giftedness in young children! Findings revealed that the four teachers shared a similar image of giftedness. This conception had two dimensions: classroom performance and affective style of the students. Teachers assessed children developmentally against their peers for extremely unusual intellectual and/or academic ability as demonstrated by what children said and did, and a “spark, ” or qualitative difference in these children characterized by intensity, high visibility, and/or uniqueness. Four strands of evidence created the teachers' image of child potential.

Nauczyciel w czasie edukacji zdalnej w polskich tygodnikach opinii. Analiza dyskursu

2021 ◽  
pp. 59-74
Author(s):  
Justyna Dobrołowicz
Keyword(s):  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Specific Power ◽  
Remote Work ◽  
Sociological Perspective ◽  
The Press ◽  
The World ◽  
Communication Activity ◽  
The Subject

The aim of the research presented in this article is to identify the ways in which theopinion-forming press presents teachers and their remote work with students. I assume thatby constructing press statements: mentioning or concealing certain topics, using specificlinguistic forms – journalists influence what readers think about Polish teachers, how theyevaluate their attitude to work and its effects. The problems raised in the research fall withinthe field of pedeutology – a pedagogical subdiscipline examining the teaching profession.Pedeutology helps to understand the specificity of a teacher’s work, analyses its determinants,creates models of professional competences. I have made the subject of my research thepress discourse understood as a communication activity, as a result of which we learn tothink about the world in a certain way. Although the concept of discourse is currently a usefuland popular research category, it still causes many definition difficulties. I am closest tothe sociological perspective of understanding discourse, according to which discourse hasa specific power to create the world, because it provides its participants with ways ofunderstanding reality. Getting to know the press discourse about teachers is thereforea very important matter, the way of writing about this professional group determines howpeople perceive it and how to behave towards it. The method of analysing the 18 presstexts selected for the study is a critical discourse analysis, which was used to answer thefollowing research question: what linguistic means were used in the discourse on teacher’sremote work and what the effects of this discourse may be. In the analysed texts about distance education, mainly expressions with a clearly negative semantic character are used,which in turn leads to discrediting teachers and shapes the belief about the crisis situationin education.

A Struggle for Heritage

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher N. Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
People Of Color ◽  
Communities Of Color

A Struggle for Heritage draws on extensive archaeological, archival, and oral historical research and sets a remarkable standard for projects that engage a descendant community left out of the dominant narrative. Matthews demonstrates how archaeology can be an activist voice for a vulnerable population’s civil rights as he brings attention to the continuous, gradual, and effective economic assault on people of color living in a traditional neighborhood amid gentrification. Providing examples of multiple approaches to documenting hidden histories and silenced pasts, this study is a model for public and professional efforts to include and support the preservation of historic communities of color.

“They Want the Spanish but They Don’t Want the Mexicans”: Whiteness and Consumptive Contact in an Oregon Spanish Immersion School

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley Woody
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Historically White ◽  
Interracial Contact ◽  
Race And Class ◽  
Communities Of Color ◽  
The Social ◽  
Class Hierarchies ◽  
Politics Of Race ◽  
Depth Interviews

Drawing from in-depth interviews with 18 white, black, Latinx, and multiracial parents whose children attend a Spanish immersion elementary school, the author examines the politics of race, class, and resistance in a historically white community that is experiencing an influx of nonwhites. Parental narratives reveal that many whites enrolled their children in Spanish immersion to capture cultural and economic benefits they associate with bilingualism and diversity. Interviews also suggest that white support for diversity is contingent on the condition that nonwhites provide carefully controlled diversity: one that benefits whites without threatening race and class hierarchies. The maintenance of white spatial and social segregation allowed whites to engage with families of color at the school primarily through consumptive contact, a form of interracial contact predicated upon whites’ perceptions about the material benefits their children will acquire through exposure to diversity and bilingualism. Consumptive contact allows whites to selectively consume aspects of Latin American cultures without facilitating the social and institutional inclusion of the groups associated with those cultures. Findings illuminate distinct economic motivations behind whites’ engagement communities of color, adding a material dimension to our understanding of whites’ racialized consumptive practices.

scholarly journals The Roots Of Practice: An Anti-Colonial Critical Discourse Analysis Of Western Nature-Based Mental Health Therapies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Chui
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Therapeutic Modalities ◽  
Analysis Methodology ◽  
Mental Health Practices ◽  
And Coping

<div>This study seeks to explore how nature-based therapies are understood in Western “mental health” practices. Specifically, horticultural and equine-assisted therapeutic models are examined for discursive themes tied to mind-body connections, attachment and healing. Additionally, texts used to teach specific therapeutic modalities are examined to further explore common concepts such as mindfulness and coping. In conducting a review of relevant literature, similar themes were revealed which contributed to a base knowledge for understanding the discourse around nature-based therapies. Engaging in an anti-colonial theoretical framework and a modified critical discourse analysis methodology, this qualitative study explores the research question: “What are the discourses which inform Western nature-based therapies?” Ultimately, this study aims to develop a more thorough understanding of how these therapies are linked to Indigenous approaches, how practices may be appropriated and used by Western practitioners, and the shift in social work towards more wholistic therapeutic practices. </div>

scholarly journals The Roots Of Practice: An Anti-Colonial Critical Discourse Analysis Of Western Nature-Based Mental Health Therapies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Chui
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Therapeutic Modalities ◽  
Analysis Methodology ◽  
Mental Health Practices ◽  
And Coping

<div>This study seeks to explore how nature-based therapies are understood in Western “mental health” practices. Specifically, horticultural and equine-assisted therapeutic models are examined for discursive themes tied to mind-body connections, attachment and healing. Additionally, texts used to teach specific therapeutic modalities are examined to further explore common concepts such as mindfulness and coping. In conducting a review of relevant literature, similar themes were revealed which contributed to a base knowledge for understanding the discourse around nature-based therapies. Engaging in an anti-colonial theoretical framework and a modified critical discourse analysis methodology, this qualitative study explores the research question: “What are the discourses which inform Western nature-based therapies?” Ultimately, this study aims to develop a more thorough understanding of how these therapies are linked to Indigenous approaches, how practices may be appropriated and used by Western practitioners, and the shift in social work towards more wholistic therapeutic practices. </div>

scholarly journals An Exegetical Analysis Of Numbers 31: 27 As A Panacea For Resource Control Agitation In Niger Delta

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 170
Author(s):  
Bernard O. Itebiye
Keyword(s):  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Old Testament ◽  
Niger Delta ◽  
Living Condition ◽  
Resource Control ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Oil Exploitation ◽  
Stake Holder

This paper is a critical discourse on the Biblical panacea for the unending agitations for resource control in Nigeria Niger Delta. It aimed at finding out if the Biblical concept of Justice (Hebrew, צִדקָהָ ) and equity (Hebrew, מיֵשָׁר ), which are the hall marks of every society that operates under the rule of Law, have been duly applied in the Niger Delta crisis. The analyses employed Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) framework. Data gathered both from the primary and secondary sources were analyzed through the hermeneutical, descriptive and analytical methods. The findings of the paper are that Niger Delta peoples have a right to far better living condition than is on offer presently, and available data justify this claim. The paper is of the view that the Biblical concept of Justice (Hebrew, צִדקָהָ ) and equity (Hebrew, מיֵשָׁר ), as prescribed in Numbers 31: 27, can be applied in the Niger Delta agitation issue. In the light of the above findings, the paper concludes that to achieve the desired peace, anchored on the Old Testament idea there is the need to engage every oil bearing community as a stake holder in the entire process of oil exploitation in their community.

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