scholarly journals The Role of Education in the Relationship Between Age of Migration to the United States and Risk of Cognitive Impairment Among Older Mexican Americans

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 411-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Downer ◽  
Marc A. Garcia ◽  
Joseph Saenz ◽  
Kyriakos S. Markides ◽  
Rebeca Wong
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Epidemiologic Study ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The United States ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship

Prior research indicates age of migration is associated with cognitive health outcomes among older Mexican Americans; however, factors that explain this relationship are unclear. This study used eight waves from the Hispanic Established Populations for the Epidemiologic Study of the Elderly to examine the role of education in the risk for cognitive impairment (CI) by nativity, age of migration, and gender. Foreign-born women had a higher risk for CI than U.S.-born women, regardless of age of migration. After adjusting for education, this risk remained significant only for late-life migrant women (risk ratio [RR] = 1.28). Foreign-born men who migrated at >50 had significantly higher risk for CI compared to U.S.-born men (RR = 1.33) but not significant after adjusting for education. Findings from a decomposition analysis showed education significantly mediated the association between age of migration and CI. This study highlights the importance of education in explaining the association between age of migration and CI.

scholarly journals METABOLIC SYNDROME AND LATE-LIFE DEPRESSION AMONG MEXICAN AMERICANS: THE ROLE OF NATIVITY

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S320-S320
Author(s):  
Weihui Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Epidemiologic Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Late Life Depression

Abstract Metabolic syndrome (MS) has been reported to predict depression. However, studies evaluating if there are differences by nativity status among Mexican Americans are scarce. This study aims to examine the association between metabolic syndrome and depression among Mexican-American older adults. We also evaluated the role of nativity, sociodemographic and health risk factors. We use three waves (2006-2013) from the Hispanic Established Populations for the Epidemiologic Study of the Elderly (HEPESE; N=1,542, mean age =83.45 in 2006). MS was defined according to the National Cholesterol Education Programme (NCEP-ATP III) using abdominal obesity, use of antihypertensive medication, and insulin. Depression was ascertained by self-report of a CES-D score greater than 16. We applied random-effect logistic regression models which accounted for inter-individual correlation and adjusted for age, sex, education, smoking, alcohol use, physical performance, and self-esteem. We also tested for interaction between MS and nativity. Approximately 30% of foreign-born and 22% of US-born reported depression. The prevalence of MS was higher in the Foreign-born when compare to the US-born (5.89% vs. 5.35%). In the total sample, MS was associated with a higher risk of depression (OR=4.34, p=0.007). Foreign-born Mexican Americans were more likely to have depression (OR=1.70, p=0.002) when compared to US-born; however, foreign-born with MS reported lower depression (OR=0.26, p=0.052) after adjusting for potential confounders. Our finding adds to the concept of “metabolic depression,” and further highlights the importance of evaluating nativity to explain the differences in physical and psychological health among a sample of the Hispanic population at old age.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Trends in Morbidity and Disability Among Older Mexican Americans in the Southwestern United States, 1993–2013

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 311-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc A. Garcia ◽  
Adriana M. Reyes
Keyword(s):  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Activity Of Daily Living ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Age Cohorts ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Reduced Activity

This study examines the prevalence of morbidity and disability among older Mexican Americans using 5-year age groups. Twenty-year panel data from the Hispanic Established Populations for the Epidemiological Study of the Elderly are used to make detailed comparisons by nativity and gender. Results show that prevalence rates for most chronic conditions for both males and females do not vary by nativity. For disabilities, nativity is a significant predictor of increased instrumental activity of daily living disability for foreign-born females and reduced activity of daily living disability for U.S.-born males. Additionally, results show significant interactions between nativity and age cohorts, with the gap increasing with age for males and decreasing with age for females. These results have important implications for health services and health policy. Given the rapid aging of the Mexican American population, the prevention and treatment of medical conditions, particularly among the foreign-born, should be a major public health priority to reduce dependence from disabilities.

scholarly journals Understanding Transitions in IADL and Their Consequences for Cognitive Impairment Among Older Mexican Americans

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 333-334
Author(s):  
Jiwon Kim ◽  
Jacqueline Angel ◽  
Sunshine Rote
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Oldest Old ◽  
Epidemiologic Study ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cognitive Frailty ◽  
Transition Analysis ◽  
Socioeconomic Resources ◽  
Iadl Disability ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Mexican Americans tend to live longer lives than other ethnic groups, but it remains unclear how this trend influences the trajectory of disability and its consequences for cognitive frailty. Building on previous research, we assess transitions in IADL among the oldest old. We use data from three waves of the Hispanic Established Population of the Epidemiologic Study of the Elderly (H-EPESE) to investigate trajectories of IADL disability as individuals’ age into their 80s and 90s, a period of the life course with much higher rates of morbidity and decreasing socioeconomic resources. The H-EPESE is a benchmark longitudinal cohort study based on an original sample of 3,050 Mexican-Americans aged 65 and older in the Southwestern United States. Our modeling approach estimates transitions in patterns of IADL employing the Latent Transition Analysis (LTA). Results revealed three heterogeneous latent classes: high IADLs, difficulty in transportation and mobility, and low IADLs. Those with high IADLs tended to remain in the same class over time. Individuals having difficulty in transportation and mobility tended to stay in the same class or transfer to high IADLs, whereas those with overall low IADLs transferred to either the same class or to difficulty in transportation and mobility. Additional analysis revealed that cognitive impairment was a significant predictor of instrumental disability over time. Furthermore, females were more likely than males to belong to difficulty in transportation or mobility class than to the low IADL class. Our results highlight the long term consequences of cognitive decline on IADL limitations.

scholarly journals Age of Migration Differentials in Life Expectancy With Cognitive Impairment: 20-Year Findings From the Hispanic-EPESE

2017 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 894-903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc A Garcia ◽  
Joseph L Saenz ◽  
Brian Downer ◽  
Chi-Tsun Chiu ◽  
Sunshine Rote ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Mexican Immigrants ◽  
Late Life ◽  
The United States ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Total Life Expectancy ◽  
Mexican Adults

Abstract Background and Objectives To examine differences in life expectancy with cognitive impairment among older Mexican adults according to nativity (U.S.-born/foreign-born) and among immigrants, age of migration to the United States. Research Design and Methods This study employs 20 years of data from the Hispanic Established Populations for the Epidemiologic Study of the Elderly to estimate the proportion of life spent cognitively healthy and cognitively impaired prior to death among older Mexican adults residing in the southwestern United States. We combine age-specific mortality rates with age-specific prevalence of cognitive impairment, defined as a Mini-Mental Status Exam score of less than 21 points to calculate Sullivan-based life table models with and without cognitive impairment in later life. Results Foreign-born Mexican immigrants have longer total life expectancy and comparable cognitive healthy life expectancy regardless of gender compared to U.S.-born Mexican-Americans. However, the foreign-born spend a greater number of years after age 65 with cognitive impairment relative to their U.S.-born counterparts. Furthermore, we document an advantage in life expectancy with cognitive impairment and proportion of years after age 65 cognitively healthy among mid-life immigrant men and women relative to early- and late-life migrants. Discussion and Implications The relationship between nativity, age of migration, and life expectancy with cognitive impairment means that the foreign-born are in more need of support and time-intensive care in late life. This issue merits special attention to develop appropriate and targeted screening efforts that reduce cognitive decline for diverse subgroups of older Mexican-origin adults as they age.

scholarly journals The Role of Physical Activity and Physical Function on the Risk of Falls in Older Mexican Americans

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 342-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zakkoyya H. Lewis ◽  
Kyriakos S. Markides ◽  
Kenneth J. Ottenbacher ◽  
Soham Al Snih
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Epidemiologic Study ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
High Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Of Falls ◽  
Over Time

We investigated the relationship between physical activity and physical function on the risk of falls over time in a cohort of Mexican-American adults aged 75 and older from the Hispanic Established Population for the Epidemiologic Study of the Elderly (H-EPESE). Participants were divided into four groups according to their level of physical activity and physical function: low physical activity and low physical function (n = 453); low physical activity and high physical function (n = 54); high physical activity and low physical function (n = 307); and high physical activity and high physical function (n = 197). Using generalized linear equation estimation, we showed that participants with high physical activity and low physical function had a greater fall risk over time, followed by the high physical activity and high physical function group. Participants seldom took part in activities that improve physical function. To prevent falls, modifications to physical activity should be made for older Mexican Americans.

The Relationship Between Pertussis Vaccine and Brain Damage: Reassessment

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 397-400
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Brain Damage ◽  
Pertussis Vaccine ◽  
Epidemiologic Study ◽  
The United States ◽  
Neurological Disability ◽  
Neurological Illness ◽  
The Relationship

Administration of pertussis vaccine has been associated temporally with local and systemic reactions, including febrile convulsions. Based on the National Childhood Encephalopathy Study (NCES), a large case-controlled, epidemiologic study in Great Britain, permanent neurological disability (brain damage) has not been considered a common sequela of rare, severe, adverse neurological events temporally related to pertussis immunization. Recently, however, reassessment of this conclusion has been prompted by the following events: a review of the NCES by a workshop convened to make recommendations for a possible future United States study of the association of pertussis vaccination and serious neurological illness,1 a legal decision in Great Britain questioning the findings of NCES;2 further investigations of the role of pertussis vaccine in causation of acute and chronic neurologic illness;3-6 and continuing reassessment of recommendations for pertussis vaccination by national committees in Canada,7 Great Britain,8 and the United States. Recent reviews and editorials also have addressed this and related questions concerning adverse events attributed to pertussis vaccine.9-12 The Committee herein reports its reassessment of the role of pertussis vaccine as a cause of chronic neurological disability. In this review, the term "encephalopathy" is avoided deliberately. Definition of this term is difficult, and its use can be misleading. For example, the NCES study population was children with acute, serious neurological illness, the majority of whom had convulsions lasting 30 minutes or more.13 Thus, in assessing the nature of the relationship between pertussis immunization and neurological events, the term "acute, serious neurological illness" is considered more appropriate than "encephalopathy."

scholarly journals Metabolic Risk and Depression among Elderly Mexican Americans: The Roles of Nativity Status of Nativity Status

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-252
Author(s):  
Weihui Zhang ◽  
Elizabeth Vasquez ◽  
Anda Botoseneanu ◽  
Recai Yucel
Keyword(s):  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Epidemiologic Study ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Life Course Perspective ◽  
Metabolic Risk ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Nativity Status ◽  
Age At Migration ◽  
Using Data

Objective: To evaluate the relationship be­tween metabolic risk (MR) and depression in a sample of older Mexican Americans and examine whether the association differs by age at migration.Methods: Longitudinal study using data from the Hispanic Established Populations for the Epidemiologic Study of the Elderly (HEPESE) (N=807, mean age = 84.3). The analytical sample was compiled from wave 6 (2007) to wave 7 (2010-2011) of HEPESE. Random-effect logistic regression examined the association between MR and depression and tested the model stratified by nativity status and age at migration.Results: MR was associated with higher odds of depression for US-born Mexican Americans after controlling for potential confounders. Similarly, among Mexican Americans who migrated before age 20, MR was associated with higher odds of depres­sion.Conclusion: The findings highlight the importance of age at migration when evalu­ating the health of foreign-born Mexican Americans from a life-course perspective. Particularly among Mexican Americans who migrated before age 20, those with MR were more vulnerable to depression than their counterparts without MR.Ethn Dis. 2021;31(2):243-252; doi:10.18865/ed.31.2.243

scholarly journals Acculturation and Filial Piety as Mediators of the Relationship Between Caregiver Burden and Gender-Role Expectations in Hispanic-American Rehabilitation Services Students

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy Chen ◽  
Bryan Austin ◽  
Chien-Chun Lin
Keyword(s):  
Gender Role ◽  
Caregiver Burden ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Filial Piety ◽  
The United States ◽  
Role Expectations ◽  
Gender Role Expectations ◽  
Role Expectation ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose: Hispanic-Americans are the largest ethnic minority group in the United States. The need to care for older Hispanics has become an important issue as they now enjoy longer life expectancies due to better access to healthcare and less labor participation in hazardous occupations. The present study examined whether the association between caregiver burden and gender-role expectations is mediated by acculturation and filial piety. Method: The sample consisted of 93 Mexican-American rehabilitation services students enrolled at a large public university in Texas. The four instruments used in the study were the Zarit Burden Interview, the Bem Sex-Role Inventory, the Acculturation Rating Scale for Mexican-Americans-Revised, and the Expectations of Filial Piety Scale. Participants visited an online survey site to respond to the questionnaire. Results: About half of the most common person to whom care was being provided was a parent 49.5% (n = 46) with 35.5% (n = 33) grandparents and 15.1% (n = 14) siblings. Acculturation scores were positively correlated with both gender-role expectations (r = .23, p = .027) and filial piety (r = .30, p = .003) scores. In addition, caregiver burden scores were negatively correlated with gender-role expectation scores (r = -.21, p = .046) and filial piety scores were positively correlated with gender-role expectation scores (r = .29, p = .005). The correlation between caregiver burden and filial piety was not statistically significant (r = -.10, P > .05 n.s.). Moreover, neither acculturation nor filial piety mediated the relationship between gender-role expectations and caregiver burden. Conclusion: Mexican-Americans view aging positively, have a sense of caring for elders, and have strong ties to their culture. As a result of strong Hispanic family values, the obligation to care for family members (i.e., familism) tends to occur with little hesitance. Future replication studies are needed to better understand the effects of acculturation and filial piety on caregiver burden among Mexican-Americans residing in other regions of the country, including outside the cities along the United States-Mexico border. The rationale for further research is that living in predominantly-White states such as Minnesota and Wyoming, where Mexican-Americans make up a small fraction of the population, might have effects on their acculturation.

scholarly journals Nativity, Family, Disability: Results from the Hispanic Established Populations for the Epidemiologic Study of the Elderly

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-262
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Vasquez ◽  
Weihui Zhang ◽  
Joanna Dreby ◽  
Sunghee Lee ◽  
Anda Botoseneanu
Keyword(s):  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Family Support ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Epidemiologic Study ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Cohort Differences ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Over Time

Objectives: Nativity and family support may influence attitudes and behaviors that delay or accelerate the disability process in older adults. The objectives of this study were twofold: 1) to evaluate nativity and migration cohort differences in trajecto­ries of disability (assessed by activities of daily living [ADL]) among older Mexican Americans; and 2) to determine the role of objectively measured family support in the association between nativity, migration cohort, and disability changes over time.Methods: This is a longitudinal study with up to 18 years follow-up (1993-2011) using data from the Hispanic Established Populations for the Epidemiologic Study of the Elderly (N=2,785, mean age =72.4 years). Disability was assessed using self-reported limitations in activities of daily living (ADL). Nativity and migration cohort were self-reported. Family support was as­sessed by marital status and the number of their children participants saw each month. Linear growth curve models evaluated the trajectory of ADL disability over 18 years and assessed variations by nativity status, migration cohort and family support.Results: Foreign-born respondents who migrated before age 20 had more starting ADL limitations (β= .36, P<.001) and ac­cumulated disability faster (β=.04, P<.01) compared with their US-born counterparts. In contrast, foreign-born respondents who migrated at later ages showed disability trajectories similar to US-born respondents. Married respondents had a lower level of disability (β= -.14, P<.01) and a lower rate of accumulation over time (β= -.02, P=.001) compared with participants who were not married.Discussion: Mexican Americans who migrate at younger ages may experience greater disability over time; however, family support may help mitigate the accumula­tion of disability among older Mexican Americans.Ethn Dis. 2021;31(2):253-262; doi:10.18865/ed.31.2.253

Leadership and Employee Motivation: Moderating Role of Gender

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Beena Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Transformational Leadership ◽  
Employee Motivation ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Demand Pull ◽  
Logistics Services ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Core Issues ◽  
Moderating Role

With the present business environment which is creating a strong demand pull for quality and efficient logistics services, core issues are being gradually removed with time but HR issues are still neglected. Motivation can be the key process of boosting the morale of employees to encourage them to willingly give their best in accomplishing assigned tasks. During growth of any sector, dimensions of leadership can have great impact on employee motivation. This research paper analyzes impact of transformational leadership on employee motivation and moderating role of gender. The result shows significant positive correlation between transformational leadership and employee motivation and gender does moderate the relationship.

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