Religious Attendance, Religious Importance, and the Pathways to Depressive Symptoms in Men and Women Aged 50 and Over Living in Ireland

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 891-911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Orr ◽  
Katy Tobin ◽  
Daniel Carey ◽  
Rose Anne Kenny ◽  
Christine McGarrigle
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Social Connectedness ◽  
Structural Models ◽  
Religious Attendance ◽  
Growth Curve Models ◽  
Lower Baseline ◽  
Longitudinal Associations ◽  
Religious Importance ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

Objectives: We aimed to explore the relationship between religiosity and depressive symptoms longitudinally. Method: We used four waves (2009–2016) of the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA) to create growth curve models (GCM) of depressive symptoms and religious attendance/importance in a sample aged 50+ in Ireland and structural models to assess the longitudinal associations between religious attendance/importance and depressive symptoms. We tested whether this relationship was mediated by social connectedness. Results: GCM showed that higher religious attendance at baseline was associated with lower baseline depressive symptoms, while higher religious importance was associated with higher baseline depressive symptoms. Social connectedness partially mediated the baseline associations between religious attendance and lower depressive symptoms. There were no associations between religious factors and the development of depressive symptoms over time. Discussion: This study found that the relationship between religion and depressive symptoms is complex, and any protective effect was driven by religious attendance.

Interpersonal Stress and Poor Health

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mette M. Aanes ◽  
Maurice B. Mittelmark ◽  
Jørn Hetland
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Social Connectedness ◽  
Somatic Symptoms ◽  
Total Effect ◽  
Subjective Feeling ◽  
Interpersonal Stress ◽  
The Relationship

This paper investigated whether the lack of social connectedness, as measured by the subjective feeling of loneliness, mediates the well-known relationship between interpersonal stress and psychological distress. Furthermore, a relationship between interpersonal stress and somatic symptoms was hypothesized. The study sample included 3,268 women and 3,220 men in Western Norway. The main findings were that interpersonal stress was significantly related to psychological distress as well as to somatic symptoms, both directly and indirectly via paths mediated by loneliness. The size of the indirect effects varied, suggesting that the importance of loneliness as a possible mediator differs for depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and somatic symptoms. In the case of depressive symptoms, more than 75% of the total effect was mediated through loneliness, while in the case of somatic symptoms just over 40% of the total effect was mediated through loneliness. This study supports the hypotheses that social connectedness mediates a relationship between interpersonal stress and psychological distress. The study also provides the first link between interpersonal stress, as measured by the Bergen Social Relationships Scale, and somatic symptoms, extending earlier research on the relationship between interpersonal stress and psychological distress.

Negative emotionality and peer status: Evidence for bidirectional longitudinal influences during the elementary school years

2021 ◽  
pp. 014303432110635
Author(s):  
Hans Bengtsson ◽  
Åsa Arvidsson ◽  
Beatrice Nyström
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Feedback Loop ◽  
Structural Models ◽  
Negative Emotionality ◽  
Peer Status ◽  
Second Grade ◽  
Late Childhood ◽  
Peer Ratings ◽  
Longitudinal Associations ◽  
Over Time

Prior research indicates that high negative emotionality in combination with low peer status is conducive of clinically identified problems in childhood. This three-wave longitudinal study examined how negative emotionality and peer status are linked over time in middle and late childhood. Participants were recruited from second grade ( n = 90, mean age = 8.85) and fourth grade ( n = 119, mean age = 10.81) and were followed across a period of 2 years. Cross-lagged structural models examining concurrent and longitudinal associations between teacher-reported negative emotionality and peer ratings of likability were analyzed separately for externalizing emotion (anger) and internalizing emotion (sadness and fear). Both analyses provided support for a conceptual model in which high negative emotionality lowers peer status, and low peer status, in turn, through a feedback loop, increases negative emotionality over time. Bidirectional influences are interpreted as reflecting a transactional process involving the effects of negative emotionality on social behavior. The findings highlight the need for active efforts to help children with high negative emotionality gain acceptance from classmates.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Mentally Unhealthy Days and Depressive Symptoms Among Older Adults Over Time

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly A. Skarupski ◽  
Matthew M. Zack ◽  
Julia L. Bienias ◽  
Paul A. Scherr ◽  
Denis A. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

Need fulfillment, need importance, and depressive symptoms of residents over the first eight months of living in a nursing home

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 1161-1170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annette F.J. Custers ◽  
Antonius H.J. Cillessen ◽  
Gerben J. Westerhof ◽  
Yolande Kuin ◽  
J. Marianne Riksen-Walraven
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Home ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Self Determination Theory ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Need Fulfillment ◽  
Final Measurement ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Measurement Wave ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

ABSTRACTBackground:Based on self-determination theory and adaptation theories, the study aim was to investigate the relationship between need fulfillment (of autonomy, relatedness, and competence), need importance, and depressive symptoms during the first months of living in a nursing home.Methods:Eight-month longitudinal questionnaire study in which 75 persons newly admitted to units for physically frail residents participated at baseline. Twenty-three longitudinal participants were remaining at the third and final measurement wave.Results:The results show a main effect of need fulfillment and an interaction effect of need fulfillment and need importance on depressive symptoms over time. A prototypical plot shows that residents with low need fulfillment had higher initial levels of depressive symptoms that decreased modestly over time, regardless of their need importance. Residents with high need fulfillment had lower initial levels of depressive symptoms, but their trajectories differed for participants with low and high need importance. Residents with low need importance started with lower levels of depressive symptoms but remained stable over time, whereas residents with high need importance had more depressive symptoms at T1 that decreased slightly over time.Conclusions:In general, depressive symptoms do not change over time. However, individual trajectories of depressive symptoms seem to depend on individual need fulfillment and need importance. The residents that consider need fulfillment to be highly important but experience low need fulfillment had higher initial levels of depressive symptoms that decreased modestly over time, although the level of depressive symptoms remained higher as compared to the other residents.

Examining the Relationship Between Daily Co-Rumination and Rumination in Response to Negative Events Among Adolescents Using Ecological Momentary Assessment

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 704-719
Author(s):  
Jaclyn T. Aldrich ◽  
Ellie Lisitsa ◽  
Sarah K. Chun ◽  
Amy H. Mezulis
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Current Theory ◽  
Negative Events ◽  
Study Support ◽  
Negative Feelings ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Momentary Assessment ◽  
Over Time

Introduction: Rumination and co-rumination are related processes characterized by repetitive focus on negative feelings and problems, with current theory suggesting that co-rumination fosters the use of intrapersonal rumination over time. Additionally, both rumination and co-rumination are related to the occurrence of depressive symptoms during adolescence. Method: The current study utilized an ecological momentary design to examine the temporal relationship between daily co-rumination and rumination in response to negative events within a sample of young adolescents (N = 150). Results: Hierarchical linear models indicated that co-rumination in response to a negative event significantly, positively predicted the use of rumination the following day, whereas use of rumination did not predict engagement in co-rumination the following day. Discussion: Results of the current study support the hypothesis that co-rumination influences the tendency to ruminate individually, which may indirectly result in depressive symptoms over time.

Developmental Patterns of Religiosity in Relation to Criminal Trajectories among Serious Offenders moving from Adolescence to Young Adult

2020 ◽  
pp. 001112872096245
Author(s):  
Siying Guo
Keyword(s):  
Religious Attendance ◽  
Small Range ◽  
Developmental Patterns ◽  
Growth Curve Models ◽  
Trajectory Models ◽  
Religious Importance ◽  
Growth Change ◽  
Violent Offenses ◽  
Serious Offenders ◽  
Gains And Losses

Using Group-Based Trajectory Models and Growth Curve Models, this study aimed to identify distinctive trajectories of religious attendance, religious importance and spirituality and how these trajectories related to changes in crime. The findings varied by measures of religiosity and types of crime. Generally, different measures of religiosity had little to do with initial offenses. A few trajectories of religious attendance and importance associated with both violent and income offenses, while changes in spirituality only related to violent offenses. Losses in religiosity may associate with elevated risks of recidivism. A small range of gains and losses in religiosity may increase the risk of recidivism, while maintaining high religiosity over time may result in a smaller growth change in recidivism.

Emotion Regulation in Context: Social Connectedness Moderates Concurrent and Prospective Associations With Depressive Symptoms

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 605-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brett Marroquín ◽  
Jennifer De Rutte ◽  
Casey L. May ◽  
Blair E. Wisco
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Experiential Avoidance ◽  
Social Connectedness ◽  
Strategy Use ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Healthy Functioning ◽  
Over Time

Introduction: Emotion regulation in healthy functioning and in depression is typically examined as an intrapersonal phenomenon, but growing evidence suggests social factors affect individuals' strategy use and effectiveness. We examined whether the role of emotion regulation in depression—concurrently and over four weeks—depends on social connectedness, predicting that higher social connectedness would dilute effects of one's own strategy use regardless of specific strategy. Methods: Young adult participants (n = 187) completed measures of perceived social connectedness, depressive symptoms, two avoidant emotion regulation strategies (ruminative brooding and experiential avoidance), and two approach-oriented strategies (positive reappraisal and planning), and depressive symptoms again four weeks later (n = 166). Results: Cross-sectional associations of emotion regulation with symptoms were moderated by social connectedness: effects of both avoidant and approach strategies were weaker among more connected individuals. Prospectively, social connectedness moderated effects of approach strategies, but not avoidant strategies. Among more socially connected individuals, using approach strategies—which are typically adaptive—was associated with higher symptoms over time. Discussion: Results partially replicate previous research and support the role of social factors as important contexts of intraper-sonal emotion regulation and dysregulation in depression. Findings suggest that social resources can dilute intrapersonal effects regardless of strategy type—more in the shorter term than in the longer term—and can even lead seemingly adaptive strategies to backfire over time. Implications for research integrating emotion regulation, relationships, and depressive psychopathology are discussed.

scholarly journals Are newly added and lost confidants in later life related to subsequent mental health?

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 2047-2057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ella Schwartz ◽  
Howard Litwin
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Emotional Closeness ◽  
Contact Frequency ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

ABSTRACTBackground:This study examined internal changes in the personal social networks of older people and the relationship between these changes and mental health over time. It focused on two key aspects: emotional closeness and contact frequency with lost and newly added confidants.Methods:The study was based on data from the fourth (2011) and sixth (2015) waves of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). The study sample consisted of respondents aged 65 years and older who participated in both waves (n = 14,101). We performed OLS regressions in which the scores on two mental health indicators over time – depressive symptoms (Euro-D) and perceived quality of life (CASP-12) – were regressed on the relationship with lost and newly added confidants, controlling for baseline social networks, socio-demographic, and health variables.Results:The nature of the relationship with the lost and newly added confidants was associated with mental health, beyond the number of these confidants. Emotional closeness with newly added confidants was related to improved mental health in both indicators (B = −0.09, CI = −0.14 to −0.04 for depression; B =1.13, CI = 0.67–1.60 for quality of life). Losing frequently contacted confidants was associated with higher depressive symptoms (B = 0.09, CI = 0.02–0.15).Conclusions:The results show the positive mental health implications of adding emotionally close confidants to older adults’ social milieus, and the negative effects of losing frequently contacted confidants. Practitioners are advised to pay attention to the quality of such changing relationships, due to their mental health consequences.

scholarly journals Novel insights into irritability: the relationship between subjective experience, age and mood

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica Bell ◽  
Gin S. Malhi ◽  
Zola Mannie ◽  
Philip Boyce ◽  
Richard Bryant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Psychological Intervention ◽  
Mood Symptoms ◽  
Symptom Scores ◽  
Previous Clinical Trial ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Temper Outbursts

Background The relationship between irritability as a subjective experience and the behavioural indicators typically used to measure the construct are not known. Its links to mood, and contextual relationships, vary with age and are yet to be thoroughly examined. Aims First, to interrogate the relationship between the subjective experience of irritability and mood, and that with its behavioural indicators. Second, to determine how these relationships vary with age and over time. Method This study examined data from a previous clinical trial of adolescents and young adults (N = 82) with bipolar disorder, who received a psychological intervention over 18 months. Participants completed a battery of questionnaires, which included assessments of irritability. Analyses of covariance were conducted to examine the interaction between mood symptoms, subjective measures of irritability, behavioural measures of irritability and age over time. Results Subjective irritability scores differed significantly over time when controlling for manic, but not depressive, symptom scores. Further, subjective irritability significantly differed when controlling for behavioural measures of irritability (temper outbursts and argumentativeness). There were significant interactions between scores of depressive symptoms, temper outbursts and subjective irritability with age, wherein younger participants showed no correlation between depressive symptoms and temper outbursts. In addition, younger participants showed lower correlations between subjective irritability and both depressive and temper outburst scores, than older participants. Conclusions Subjective irritability is linked to mood morbidity and behavioural outbursts, and these relationships are contingent on age. Our novel findings suggest that subjective irritability should be assessed in greater detail in patients with mood disorders.

scholarly journals Longitudinal Associations Between Depressive Symptoms and Quality of Romantic Relationships in Late Adolescence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniek H. J. Joosten ◽  
Stefanie A. Nelemans ◽  
Wim Meeus ◽  
Susan Branje
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Romantic Relationships ◽  
Relationship Quality ◽  
Romantic Relationship ◽  
Late Adolescence ◽  
Heterosexual Couples ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Longitudinal Associations ◽  
Romantic Relationship Quality ◽  
Over Time

AbstractWhile youth with higher levels of depressive symptoms appear to have lower quality romantic relationships, little is known about longitudinal associations for both men and women. Therefore, this study used longitudinal dyadic design to examine both concurrent and longitudinal associations between depressive symptoms and positive as well as negative aspects of romantic relationship quality across two waves one- or two-years apart. The sample consisted of 149 Dutch stable heterosexual couples (149 females and 142 males participated at T1) in a stable romantic relationship in late adolescence with a mean age of 20.43 years old at the first wave. Actor-Partner Interdependence models were used to examine potential bidirectional associations over time between depressive symptoms and romantic relationship quality, above and beyond potential concurrent associations and stability of the constructs over time, from the perspective of both romantic partners. Results consistently indicated that men and women who reported higher levels of depressive symptoms perceived less positive aspects (intimacy and support) and more negative aspects (conflict) in their romantic relationship over time. In addition, unexpectedly, when men and women perceived more positive relationship aspects, their partners reported higher levels of depressive symptoms over time. These findings stress that depressive symptoms can interfere with the formation of high-quality romantic relationships.

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