The contribution of adult personality and recalled parent–child relations to friendships in middle and old age

2007 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Heyl ◽  
Marina Schmitt
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Adult Development ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Parent Child Relations ◽  
Adult Personality ◽  
Child Relationship ◽  
Parent Child

In this study we examined personality traits, in particular openness to experience and agreeableness, and–in an exploratory step – recalled parent–child relations as antecedents of friendship involvement in adulthood. Data from 392 middle-aged (43–46 years) and 345 older participants (61–64 years) in the first wave of the Interdisciplinary Longitudinal Study of Adult Development (ILSE) support the hypothesis that openness contributes to friendship involvement in middle age, while agreeableness contributes to friendship involvement in old age. Further, structural equation models showed that the relation between recalled mother–child relationship and friendship involvement in older adults was mediated by agreeableness. Recalled father–child relationship was directly associated with friendships in both age groups, independent of personality traits.

Residential Arrangements and Children’s School Engagement

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 1104-1122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nele Havermans ◽  
An Katrien Sodermans ◽  
Koen Matthijs
Keyword(s):  
School Engagement ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Child Outcomes ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Parent Child Relationship ◽  
Child Relationship ◽  
Parental Time ◽  
Selection Mechanisms ◽  
Parent Child

The increase in shared residential arrangements is driven by the belief that it is in the best interest of the child. The maintenance of contact between child and parents can mitigate negative consequences of separation. However, selection mechanisms may account for a positive relationship between shared residential arrangements and child outcomes. This study examines the association between children’s residential arrangements and their school engagement, focusing on the parent–child relationship as a mediator and selection mechanisms. Structural equation models are performed on a sample of 973 secondary school pupils with separated parents from the Leuven Adolescents and Families Study (LAFS; 2008-2011). The results suggest that more parental time is related with a better parent–child relationship, and this leads indirectly to higher school engagement. However, shared residence may also have negative consequences for children and is certainly not the only residential arrangement in which children have a good relationship with both parents.

Parental Knowledge of Children’s Screen Time: The Role of Parent-Child Relationship and Communication

2020 ◽  
pp. 009365022095222
Author(s):  
Laura Marciano ◽  
Serena Petrocchi ◽  
Anne-Linda Camerini
Keyword(s):  
Screen Time ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Parental Knowledge ◽  
Parent Child Relationship ◽  
Self Disclosure ◽  
Child Relationship ◽  
Parent Child

The ubiquity of media in children’s lives makes it increasingly difficult for parents to keep track of their children’s screen time, leading to considerable discrepancies in parent- and child-report. In the present study, we aimed to examine if and how these discrepancies can be explained by parent-child communication, in terms of children’s self-disclosure, secrecy, and parental solicitation, and to what extend the quality of the parent-child relationship can influence these communication patterns. We tested two structural equation models to investigate the absolute discrepancy between parent and child estimates of children’s screen time and parental underestimation, using dyadic data from 854 11-year-olds and their parents, in Switzerland. Our results showed that children’s self-disclosure and secrecy behaviors were significantly associated with parental knowledge, where the relationship between self-disclosure and parental knowledge of children’s screen time was the stronger among the two. Moreover, a good parent-child relationship, especially parents’ ability in perspective taking, was significantly related to increased self-disclosure and decreased secrecy behaviors by children.

Personality's Correlates of Adult Development and Aging

2003 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gian Vittorio Caprara ◽  
Mariagiovanna Caprara ◽  
Patrizia Steca
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Adult Development ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Efficacy Beliefs ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
Development And Aging ◽  
And Gender

Three cross-sectional studies examined stability and change in personality over the course of life by measuring the relations linking age to personality traits, self-efficacy beliefs, values, and well-being in large samples of Italian male and female participants. In each study, relations between personality and age were examined across several age groups ranging from young adulthood to old age. In each study, personality constructs were first examined in terms of mean group differences accrued by age and gender and then in terms of their correlations with age across gender and age groups. Furthermore, personality-age correlations were also calculated, controlling for the demographic effects accrued by marital status, education, and health. Findings strongly indicated that personality functioning does not necessarily decline in the later years of life, and that decline is more pronounced in males than it is in females across several personality dimensions ranging from personality traits, such as emotional stability, to self-efficacy beliefs, such as efficacy in dealing with negative affect. Findings are discussed in terms of their implications for personality theory and social policy.

Age and gender differences in socially aversive (“dark”) personality traits

2021 ◽  
pp. 089020702098843
Author(s):  
Johanna Hartung ◽  
Martina Bader ◽  
Morten Moshagen ◽  
Oliver Wilhelm
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Measurement Models ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Latent Means

The strong overlap of personality traits discussed under the label of “dark personality” (e.g., psychopathy, spitefulness, moral disengagement) endorses a common framework for socially aversive traits over and beyond the dark triad. Despite the rapidly growing research on socially aversive traits, there is a lack of studies addressing age-associated differences in these traits. In the present study ( N = 12,501), we investigated the structure of the D Factor of Personality across age and gender using local structural equation modeling, thereby expressing the model parameters as a quasi-continuous, nonparametric function of age. Specifically, we evaluated loadings, reliabilities, factor (co-)variances, and means across 35 locally weighted age groups (from 20 to 54 years), separately for females and males. Results indicated that measurement models were highly stable, thereby supporting the conceptualization of the D factor independent of age and gender. Men exhibited uniformly higher latent means than females and all latent means decreased with increasing age. Overall, D and its themes were invariant across age and gender. Therefore, future studies can meaningfully pursue causes of mean differences across age and between genders.

Relationships between Korean parents’ marital satisfaction, parental satisfaction, and parent–child relationship quality

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 2270-2285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jieun Yoo
Keyword(s):  
Marital Satisfaction ◽  
Relationship Quality ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Parental Satisfaction ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Parent Child Relationship ◽  
Relational Quality ◽  
Child Relationship ◽  
Parent Child

Research about parental marital satisfaction and parent–child relationships is well established, but the effects of marital satisfaction on parental satisfaction require more explanation in a Korean sample. In total, 2,070 participants (51.0% mothers, 49.0% fathers) from a nationally representative sample of Korean people were selected from the 2015 Fact-Finding Survey in Families, and structural equation modeling was performed to examine the relationships between marital satisfaction, parent–child relational quality, and parental satisfaction. In support of the spillover hypothesis, marital satisfaction was significantly correlated with parental satisfaction and affected it directly and indirectly via positive and negative parent–child relationship quality. In addition, mediational pathways differed according to sex. The implications of the findings and directions for future research were discussed.

scholarly journals HOW DOES PARENT-CHILD RELATIONSHIP AFFECT CARE? FOCUSING ON MOTHER-DAUGHTER CAREGIVING

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S895-S895
Author(s):  
Ayako Baba
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Care Recipient ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Parent Child Relationship ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Care Burden ◽  
Child Relationship ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Parent Child

Abstract OBJECTIVE: Long-term caregiver (child)/care-recipient (parent) relationships have both positive and negative effects on care. However, the mechanism of that impact is unclear. This study aimed to explore how parent–child relationships affect care and which aspects cause those effects. METHOD: Five hundred thirty-four adult children who were caring for or had cared for their parents at home completed the scales of parent–child psychological independence, the acceptance of care, care attitude, and care burden. Data were analyzed using a pass analysis with multiple group structural equation modeling to identify the relationship between parent–child psychological independence, acceptance of care, care attitude, and care burden, and the care dyad difference of the models. RESULT: 1) “Reliable relationship with parent” in parent–child psychological independence affected “resignation” and “understanding actively” in acceptance of care. 2) “Psychological individuation from the parent” in parent–child independence affected all subscales of care attitudes. 3) “Resistance” and “understanding actively” in acceptance of care and “auto-pilot” in care attitude affected care burden. 4) In mother–daughter caregiving, “resistance” and “resignation” had stronger effects on “auto-pilot” whereas “utilization of resource” and “flexible response” in care attitude and “resistance” had weaker effects on care burden. CONCLUSION: The relationship between long-term parent–child relationship and care were revealed. In some points, daughters who were caring for or had cared for their mothers had a different model from other care dyads. These results suggest that child caregivers should be supported mentally in accordance to their difficult points and dyads.

scholarly journals The Motivation and Opportunity for Socially Desirable Responding Does Not Alter the General Factor of Personality

Assessment ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 107319111988096
Author(s):  
Dirk H. M. Pelt ◽  
Dimitri Van der Linden ◽  
Curtis S. Dunkel ◽  
Marise Ph. Born
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
General Factor ◽  
Socially Desirable Responding ◽  
Common Variance ◽  
Total N ◽  
General Factor Of Personality ◽  
The Common ◽  
Personality Questionnaires

Socially desirable responding may affect the factor structure of personality questionnaires and may be one of the reasons for the common variance among personality traits. In this study, we test this hypothesis by investigating the influence of the motivational test-taking context (development vs. selection) and the opportunity to distort responses (forced-choice vs. Likert response format) on personality questionnaire scores. Data from real selection and assessment candidates (total N = 3,980) matched on gender, age, and educational level were used. Mean score differences were found between the selection and development groups, with smaller differences for the FC version. Yet, exploratory structural equation models showed that the overall factor structures as well as the general factor were highly similar across the four groups. Thus, although socially desirable responding may affect mean scores on personality traits, it does not appear to affect factor structures. This study further suggests that the common variance in personality questionnaires is consistent and appears to be little influenced by motivational pressures for response distortion.

Psychological Adjustment During Multiple Transitions Between Childhood and Adolescence

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 566-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Gniewosz ◽  
Burkhard Gniewosz
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Adjustment ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Parent Child Relationship ◽  
Early Puberty ◽  
Child Relationship ◽  
Resource Effects ◽  
Parent Child

Based on the temporal framework of transition experiences, this study tested time-graded patterns of family resource effects on children’s and early adolescents’ psychological adjustment during a time of multiple transitions. Using data of a longitudinal study including 2,020 German children covering the age span between 8 and 12 ( nboys = 1,035, ngirls = 985), internalizing and externalizing problems were predicted by parent-child relationship and family’s educational background in a multi-group structural equation model, applying time-lagged autoregressive models. The results showed positive resource effects especially through parent-child relationship. The gender-specific effect patterns over time supported the assumption of stronger resource effects when early puberty onset and secondary school transition co-occurred. Thus, it is important to provide support for this vulnerable group during times of multiple transitions.

scholarly journals Influence of Family Financial Socialization on Academic Success in College

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-283
Author(s):  
Mohamad Fazli Sabri ◽  
Clinton G. Gudmunson ◽  
Timothy S. Griesdorn ◽  
Lukas R. Dean
Keyword(s):  
Academic Success ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Grade Point Averages ◽  
Economic Pressure ◽  
Financial Socialization ◽  
Academic Behaviors ◽  
Grade Point ◽  
Socialization Theory ◽  
Parent Child

Explicit parent–child financial socialization is one way that parents may help children feel less stress in college and increase their academic performance. To test this assumption, we used family financial socialization theory to inform multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and structural equation models (SEM). The results largely support the theory. Participants were 752 college students from a U.S. university. Specific findings indicate that students from more affluent families were more often taught to budget. Parent–child teaching/training was strongly associated with felt parental–financial influence and fewer worrisome academic behaviors because of economic pressure. Students who felt greater parent–financial influence and experienced fewer effects of economic pressure, achieved higher college grade point averages (GPAs). An implication of this study is the importance of strengthening support for financial learning in families.

scholarly journals The Peculiarities of Parent-Child Relationship among Teenagers who are Addicted to Online Games

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 51-67
Author(s):  
M.I. Eliseeva ◽  
E.E. Krieger
Keyword(s):  
Video Game ◽  
Online Games ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Parent Child Relationship ◽  
Parent Child Relations ◽  
Child Relationship ◽  
The Family ◽  
Study Test ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Parent Child

The family is one of the main institutions for raising a child, starting from the moment of birth and ending with his formation of a mature personality. The development of parent-child relations will determine the further formation of a person, including the emergence of addictions and other deviations. This article is devoted to the problem of the relationship between parents among teenagers who are addicted to online games. The sample consisted of 50 people, including students of secondary schools, public colleges and technical schools. Among them there are 21 girls and 29 boys aged 14 to 18 years. In the course of the study, test methods: PVP Questionnaire (Problem Video Game Playing Questionnaire) of Dr. Ricardo Tejeiro-Salguero and Dr. Rosa María Bersabé-Moran (designed to measure the disorder commonly referred to as video game addiction); questionnaire PCI (parent-child interaction) of I.M. Markovskaya. In the course of the study, a relationship was established between the assessment of satisfaction with relationships with parents and with the degree of dependence on video games in complete and single-parent families. The results showed that adolescents who are addicted to online games can experience disharmonious relationships with both their mother and father. It was found that the assessment of satisfaction with relations with parents does not depend on the composition of the family. The results also demonstrated the presence of violations in the structure of parent-child relations, which contribute to the escape from reality in online games in order to compensate for those needs that parents could not realize.

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