Age and gender differences in socially aversive (“dark”) personality traits

2021 ◽  
pp. 089020702098843
Author(s):  
Johanna Hartung ◽  
Martina Bader ◽  
Morten Moshagen ◽  
Oliver Wilhelm
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Measurement Models ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Latent Means

The strong overlap of personality traits discussed under the label of “dark personality” (e.g., psychopathy, spitefulness, moral disengagement) endorses a common framework for socially aversive traits over and beyond the dark triad. Despite the rapidly growing research on socially aversive traits, there is a lack of studies addressing age-associated differences in these traits. In the present study ( N = 12,501), we investigated the structure of the D Factor of Personality across age and gender using local structural equation modeling, thereby expressing the model parameters as a quasi-continuous, nonparametric function of age. Specifically, we evaluated loadings, reliabilities, factor (co-)variances, and means across 35 locally weighted age groups (from 20 to 54 years), separately for females and males. Results indicated that measurement models were highly stable, thereby supporting the conceptualization of the D factor independent of age and gender. Men exhibited uniformly higher latent means than females and all latent means decreased with increasing age. Overall, D and its themes were invariant across age and gender. Therefore, future studies can meaningfully pursue causes of mean differences across age and between genders.

Attachment points, team identification and sponsorship outcomes: evidence from the Indian Premier League

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giridhar B. Kamath ◽  
Shirshendu Ganguli ◽  
Simon George
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Team Identification ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Behavioural Intentions ◽  
Premier League ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThis paper tests and validates a conceptual model linking the attachment points, team identification, attitude towards the team sponsors and the behavioural intentions in the context of Indian Premier League (IPL), while testing for the moderating effects of age and gender.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from 1,053 participants through both online and offline survey and then analyzed using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and structural equation modelling (SEM).FindingsAttachment points influence the formation of team identification, which, in turn, affect the attitude towards the team sponsors. Attitude towards the team sponsors influence the behavioural intentions. Player attachment influences team identification the most. Age and gender have a moderating effect on the constructs of the study. Team identification in females is stronger because of attachment to sports, whereas males have stronger team identification based on player attachment. Males have a stronger intention to spread positive word of mouth (WOM) about sponsor products as compared to the female respondents. The younger age group of less than 21 years has more intention to spread positive WOM compared to the other age groups considered in the study.Practical implicationsThis study contributes towards sports sponsorship research and the paradigms of social identity and attachment theories. Moreover, it will also help the marketers (sponsors) in IPL to strategically market their brands.Originality/valueThis is the first study to investigate the impact of attachment points on sponsorship outcomes in the context of IPL. Further, it is also the first to investigate the purchase intentions and WOM for the team sponsors in IPL. The multi-group analysis results will provide insights into marketers to better understand IPL viewers' segments and their behaviour.

Exploring Big Five personality traits and gender as predictors of entrepreneurs’ cognitive adaptability

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sami Ullah Bajwa ◽  
Khuram Shahzad ◽  
Haris Aslam
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Big Five Personality Traits ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Gender

Purpose The purpose of this study was to explore the predictive role of personality and gender in cognitive adaptability of entrepreneurs. By using the theories of personality development, social learning, situated cognition and meta-cognition, a logical relationship between personality traits, gender difference and entrepreneurs’ cognitive adaptability was established. Design/methodology/approach Quantitative strategy and cross-sectional survey method was then deployed to empirically investigate the purposed relationships between variables of interest. Randomly selected 443 working entrepreneurs responded to the survey. Findings Factor analyzed structural equation modeling estimated cognitive adaptability as a second-order factor, with extroversion and neuroticism having a significant impact on cognitive adaptability. Multi-group moderation revealed a significant difference among females and males against the same two personality traits. Originality/value This study in its nature is the first attempt to link Big Five personality traits with cognitive adaptability of entrepreneurs.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF DARK TRIAD TRAITS ON DECISION-MAKING STYLES

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-93
Author(s):  
Radka Čopková ◽  
Zuzana Christenková
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Rational Decision ◽  
Rational Decision Making ◽  
Decision Making Styles

The aim of present study was to explain the relationships of Dark Triad with decision-making styles. We assumed an association of decision-making styles with the Dark Triad traits that represent aversive personality traits, because previous studies identified relationships between the Dark Triad and the Big Five features and similarly, the relationships of the Big Five traits with decision-making styles have been confirmed. The research was conducted on a sample of 127 participants (M = 40.65 years; SD = 4.68). The sample consisted of 55.1% women (n = 70) and 44.9% men (n = 57). The data were subjected to correlation analysis and structural equation modeling. Machiavellianism correlated significantly positively with avoidant, dependent, and spontaneous decision-making styles. Narcissism correlated significantly positively with spontaneous decision-making style and significantly negatively with rational decision-making style. Psychopathy correlated significantly positively with avoidant and spontaneous decision-making style and significantly negatively with rational decision-making style. The value of the results lies in revealing what decision-making strategies are used by people with different socially aversive personality traits. Finding explanations for why some people use non-adaptive decision-making styles and experience the negative results of their decisions in real life, which cause their overall discomfort, can be explained by their dark features.

The benefits of latent variable modeling to develop norms for a translated version of a standardized scale

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 743-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyojeong Seo ◽  
Leslie A. Shaw ◽  
Karrie A. Shogren ◽  
Kyle M. Lang ◽  
Todd D. Little
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Latent Variable ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Standardization Sample ◽  
Multiple Group ◽  
The Us ◽  
Latent Means

This article demonstrates the use of structural equation modeling to develop norms for a translated version of a standardized scale, the Supports Intensity Scale – Children’s Version (SIS-C). The latent variable norming method proposed is useful when the standardization sample for a translated version is relatively small to derive norms independently but the original standardization sample is larger and more robust. Specifically, we leveraged a large, representative US standardization sample ( n = 4,015) to add power and stability to a smaller Spanish ( n = 405) standardization sample. Using a series of multiple-group mean and covariance structures confirmatory factor analyses using effects-coded scaling constraints, measurement invariance was tested across (a) Spanish only and (b) both US and Spanish age bands (5–6, 7–8, 9–10, 11–12, 13–14, and 15–16). After establishing measurement invariance across the US and Spain, tests for latent means and variance differences within age-bands were only performed for Spanish data; the latent means and variances in the US sample were freely estimated. The study findings suggest that the information in the US data stabilized the overall model parameters, and the inclusion of the US sample did not influence on the norms of the SIS-C Spanish Translation.

Behavioral intention to use cryptocurrency in Malaysia: an empirical study

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joye Ter Ji-Xi ◽  
Yashar Salamzadeh ◽  
Ai Ping Teoh
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Intention ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
And Gender

Purpose The purpose of this study is to empirically examine the factors influencing consumer behavioral intention (BI) to use cryptocurrency as a medium of transaction. Constructs from the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology model and an added variable, perceived risk (PR), are examined to predict BI. Age and gender as moderators are retained in this model. Design/methodology/approach An online survey was used to gather the respondents’ responses on a five-point Likert scale. G * Power was used to calculate the required minimum sample size. A non-probability sampling technique was used to gather data from the 290 respondents based in Malaysia. The final data set was analyzed using the statistical package for the social sciences and SmartPLS software using structural equation modeling. Findings The results show that three of the five proposed factors (performance expectancy, effort expectancy and facilitating condition) are significant predictors of BI to adopt cryptocurrency as a medium of transaction. Interestingly, PR is not a significant predictor even though prior research studies showed otherwise. Likewise, the relationship between BI and social influence became significant only when age is added as a moderator. Practical implications Malaysians are still wary of cryptocurrency, even though global tech firms such as Amazon and Microsoft are already accepting Bitcoin as a payment method. This study aims to provide relevant authorities and businesses (i.e. central bank, retail merchants and cryptocurrency exchangers) insights toward understanding the factors consumers focus on if they were to use cryptocurrency as a medium of transaction. Originality/value Most cryptocurrency research are done in developed countries (i.e. USA, UK and EU) perspective. This research addresses the lack of quantitative literature on significant factors influencing BI to use cryptocurrency in developing country context while taking a PR, age and gender into consideration.

scholarly journals The Nexus of the Dark Triad Personality Traits With Cyberbullying, Empathy, and Emotional Intelligence: A Structural-Equation Modeling Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Estelle C. Schade ◽  
Martin Voracek ◽  
Ulrich S. Tran
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Lower Order ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Future Research

This study set out to elucidate the complex suite of associations between the Dark Triad personality traits (Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy), emotional intelligence, empathy, and cyberbullying, as the respective findings regarding this topic have been inconsistent. Studies preponderantly have relied on abbreviated Dark Triad measures that do not differentiate between its lower-order facets. Further, most extant studies have exclusively been based on female psychology undergraduates and have not accounted for known sex differences on the Dark Triad traits and cyberbullying, or for negative associations between cyberbullying and age. Therefore, this nexus of interrelations was investigated in a diverse community sample (N = 749). A structural equation-modeling approached was used to examine predictors of cyberbullying and to test for mediating relationships between lower-order Dark Triad facets and emotional intelligence and empathy. Multigroup models were applied to test for sex-specific patterns. Empathy did not predict cyberbullying, whereas emotional intelligence partly mediated the Dark Triad associations with cyberbullying among both sexes. Sex-specific patterns in the associations between Dark Triad traits and cyberbullying were particularly observed for the grandiose and vulnerable narcissism facets. Emotional intelligence appeared to buffer effects of grandiose narcissism on cyberbullying. Future research could fruitfully explore cyberbullies’ profiles regarding primary and secondary psychopathy, sex differences in narcissism, and buffering effects of emotional intelligence. Further improvements regarding the measurement of dark personality traits are indicated as well.

Steun voor de overgang naar een aardgasvrije woningvoorraad in 2050 : Verschillen tussen groepen en verklarende factoren1

2020 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-211
Author(s):  
Yvonne de Kluizenaar ◽  
Samantha Scholte ◽  
Tim de Wilde ◽  
Anja Steenbekkers ◽  
Christine Carabain
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Financial Position ◽  
And Gender

Abstract The transition to a fossil fuel free society is expected to affect the way we live considerably. As part of Dutch Climate Agreement (Klimaatakkoord) which aims to reduce CO2 emissions, the Dutch government has expressed the ambition to gradually move towards a ‘natural-gas-free’ built environment in 2050. This decision will eventually affect all citizens in the Netherlands, both home owners and tenants. In this paper we study the extent of public support for this policy ambition. We aim to unravel differences between groups, and factors explaining those differences. Data were collected in the LISS-panel, with an online questionnaire, in May 2019 (Verkenning Energietransitie 2019; VET’19). We performed data analyses in this large population study of Dutch residents, using structural equation modeling (SEM). Results show significant differences by financial position, education, age, and gender, with higher support in those financially better off, with a higher level of education, younger adults (18-34 years), and women. These associations could be partly explained by psycho-social and contextual factors included in the model.

Personality's Correlates of Adult Development and Aging

2003 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gian Vittorio Caprara ◽  
Mariagiovanna Caprara ◽  
Patrizia Steca
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Adult Development ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Efficacy Beliefs ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
Development And Aging ◽  
And Gender

Three cross-sectional studies examined stability and change in personality over the course of life by measuring the relations linking age to personality traits, self-efficacy beliefs, values, and well-being in large samples of Italian male and female participants. In each study, relations between personality and age were examined across several age groups ranging from young adulthood to old age. In each study, personality constructs were first examined in terms of mean group differences accrued by age and gender and then in terms of their correlations with age across gender and age groups. Furthermore, personality-age correlations were also calculated, controlling for the demographic effects accrued by marital status, education, and health. Findings strongly indicated that personality functioning does not necessarily decline in the later years of life, and that decline is more pronounced in males than it is in females across several personality dimensions ranging from personality traits, such as emotional stability, to self-efficacy beliefs, such as efficacy in dealing with negative affect. Findings are discussed in terms of their implications for personality theory and social policy.

The Measurement Invariance of the Short Dark Triad

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 207-218
Author(s):  
Mihaela Grigoraș ◽  
Andreea Butucescu ◽  
Amalia Miulescu ◽  
Cristian Opariuc-Dan ◽  
Dragoș Iliescu
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Item Response ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Scale Level ◽  
High Stake ◽  
Differential Functioning ◽  
Item Functioning

Abstract. Given the fact that most of the dark personality measures are developed based on data collected in low-stake settings, the present study addresses the appropriateness of their use in high-stake contexts. Specifically, we examined item- and scale-level differential functioning of the Short Dark Triad (SD3; Paulhus & Jones, 2011 ) measure across testing contexts. The Short Dark Triad was administered to applicant ( N = 457) and non-applicant ( N = 592) samples. Item- and scale-level invariances were tested using an Item Response Theory (IRT)-based approach and a Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) approach, respectively. Results show that more than half of the SD3 items were flagged for Differential Item Functioning (DIF), and Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling (ESEM) results supported configural, but not metric invariance. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.

The Influence of Age and Gender on Mandibular Indices among the Libyan Population

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
T Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Libyan Population

Radiographic Mandibular Indices serve as easy and relatively cheap tools for evaluating bone mineralization. Objectives: To examine the effect of age and gender on three mandibular indices: the panoramic mandibular index (PMI), the mandibular ratio (MR) and the mandibular cortical index (MCI), among Libyan population. Methods: The three indices were measured on 317 digital (OPGs) of adult humans (155 males, 162 females). The sample was divided into six age groups (from 18-25 years through 56-65 years). The measurements were analyzed for interactions with age and sex, using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Studies) software version no. 22. The tests employed were two way ANOVA, the unpaired T-test and chi-square test. Results: The mean PMI fluctuated between 0.37 s.d. 0.012 and 0.38 s.d. 0.012. among the sixth age groups. One-way ANOVA statistical test revealed no significant of age on PMI. On the other hand gender variation has effect on PMI, since independent sample t-test disclosed that the difference between the male and female PMI means statistically significant. ANOVA test showed that the means of MR among age groups showed a negative correlation i.e. MR mean declined from 3.01 in 18-25 age groups to 2.7 in 55-65 age groups. In contrary, the gender showed no effect on MR according two sample t-test at p> 0.05. In regards with MCI, statistical analysis showed that it affected by age that is C1 was decreasing by age while C2 and C3 were increased by age. Using chi square test the result indicated that there is a significant difference among the different age group and the two genders in MCI readings. Conclusion: PMI was influenced significantly by age but minimally by the gender. MR is not affected by gender but has a negative correlation with age. MCI is affected by both age and gender

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