Growth trajectories of Mexican-origin adolescent mothers’ educational expectations

Pregnant and parenting adolescents are at significant risk for educational underachievement. Educational expectations play a critical role for understanding subsequent educational attainment; yet, limited empirical attention has been given to changes in educational expectations across the transition to parenthood among adolescent mothers. This longitudinal study explored stability and change in educational expectations across the transition to parenthood among 191 first-time pregnant Mexican-origin adolescents ( Mage = 16.76, SD = .98). The current study also examined how several contextually relevant risk and protective factors were associated with differential patterns of educational trajectories across this transition and subsequent educational attainment. Latent class growth analyses revealed three educational expectation trajectories: low and stable (< high-school degree), moderate and increasing (≈ associate degree), and high and increasing (≈ bachelor’s degree). Adolescent mothers in the low and stable group encountered several educational risk factors that partially explained their probability of membership in this trajectory and subsequent lower attainment. Conversely, probability of membership in the high and increasing expectations class was partially explained by adolescents’ on-track school status at the time of pregnancy and their mother figures’ educational expectations for their pregnant daughters. These findings have implications for understanding the malleable factors that help to explain why some adolescent mothers describe consistently high educational expectations and subsequent higher attainment, while others do not.

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Acculturative and enculturative stress, depressive symptoms, and maternal warmth: Examining within-person relations among Mexican-origin adolescent mothers

Development and Psychopathology ◽

10.1017/s0954579414000637 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 293-308 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Katharine H. Zeiders ◽

Adriana J. Umaña-Taylor ◽

Kimberly A. Updegraff ◽

Laudan B. Jahromi

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Adolescent Mothers ◽

Cultural Adaptation ◽

Protective Factor ◽

Transition To Parenthood ◽

Mexican Origin ◽

Potential Mechanism ◽

Maternal Warmth ◽

Third Trimester ◽

Social Challenges

AbstractMexican-origin adolescent mothers face numerous social challenges during dual-cultural adaptation that are theorized to contribute to greater depressive symptoms. Alongside challenges, there are familial resources that may offer protection. As such, the current study examined the trajectories of depressive symptoms among 204 Mexican-origin adolescent mothers (Mage= 16.80,SD= 1.00) across a 4-year period (third trimester of pregnancy, and 10, 24, and 36 months postpartum). Further, we examined the within-person relations of two unique sources of stress experienced during dual-cultural adaptation,acculturativeandenculturative stress, and youths' depressive symptoms; we also tested whether adolescent mothers' perceptions of warmth from their own mothers emerged as protective. Adolescent mothers reported a decline in depressive symptoms after the transition to parenthood. Acculturative and enculturative stress emerged as significant positive within-person predictors of depressive symptoms. Maternal warmth emerged as a protective factor in the relation between enculturative stressors and depressive symptoms; however, for acculturative stressors, the protective effect of maternal warmth only emerged for US-born youth. Findings illustrate the multidimensionality of stress experienced during the cultural adaptation process and a potential mechanism for resilience among Mexican-origin adolescent mothers.

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From Teen Parent to Student Parent: Latina Mothers’ Persistence in Higher Education

Journal of Hispanic Higher Education ◽

10.1177/1538192720980308 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 153819272098030

Author(s):

Giselle Emilia Navarro-Cruz ◽

Brianne A. Dávila ◽

Claudia Kouyoumdjian

Keyword(s):

Higher Education ◽

Adolescent Mothers ◽

Transition To Parenthood ◽

Social Experiences ◽

Latina Mothers ◽

Post Secondary ◽

Teen Parent ◽

Academic And Social Experiences ◽

Depth Interviews ◽

Persistence In Higher Education

Less than half of adolescent mothers graduate from high school and fewer obtain a post-secondary degree. The purpose of this study is to understand how Latina mothers who experienced childbirth during adolescence transition to parenthood and higher education. We conducted 13 in-depth interviews with Latina mothers enrolled in higher education. We found that Latina mothers’ persistence in higher education is influenced by psychosocial factors, initial commitments, academic and social experiences in college, and final commitments.

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Risk Factors for Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) Among Under-five Children in Bangladesh

Journal of Scientific Research ◽

10.3329/jsr.v1i1.1055 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 72-81 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Kazi Md. Abul Kalam Azad

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Vitamin A ◽

Adolescent Mothers ◽

Home Visiting ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

Vitamin A Deficiency ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Childhood Mortality ◽

Acute Respiratory Infections ◽

Mortality And Morbidity

Acute respiratory infection (ARI) is a major cause of childhood mortality and morbidity in Bangladesh. The aim of this study is to identify the significant risk factors for ARI in children less than five years of age. The data in this study comes from Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) 2004. In this study, a child was considered as having experienced ARI if she or he had cough in the last two weeks preceding the survey with any one of the three symptoms of short but rapid breathing, difficulty of breathing or labored inspiration. Logistic regression was used on various independent variables to find the risk factors. Results showed that child's age, sex, body weight and Vitamin A deficiency were correlated with prevalence of ARI. Additionally mother's characteristics like age, malnutrition, education level, and family's socio-economic status were found to be associated. Recommendations include more specific knowledge of ARI to adolescent mothers from the lowest wealth quintile. A community service which could include home visiting for health education, supplementation of vitamin A, and advice would be an advantage if provided for poor or teenaged pregnant women. This in turn would reduce low birth weight incidence, and subsequently reduce incidence of ARI among these children.Keywords: Acute respiratory infections (ARI); Risk factors; Infant; Child under 5 years; Bangladesh.© 2009 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237(Print); 2037-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v1i1.1055

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NEET as an Outcome for Care Leavers in South Africa: The Case of Girls and Boys Town

Emerging Adulthood ◽

10.1177/2167696818805891 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 64-72 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Lisa Dickens ◽

Peter Marx

Keyword(s):

Emerging Adults ◽

South African ◽

Critical Role ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Significant Risk Factor ◽

Care Leavers ◽

Boys Town ◽

Employment Education ◽

Status Of Care ◽

And Training

A well-documented outcome for emerging adults in determining their “success” is whether they are Not in Employment, Education, or Training (NEET) or engaged in Education, Employment, and Training (EET). Being NEET can create psychological, emotional, financial, and health challenges and is a significant risk factor in youth making successful transitions into adulthood. This article describes and compares the NEET and EET status of care leavers from Girls and Boys Town after 1 and 2 years and in relation to other outcomes. The results suggest that while care leavers’ NEET rates are high, they are not significantly higher than those of the South African general population as seen elsewhere in the world. Furthermore, being NEET is associated with more negative care leaving outcomes than being EET; however, this article also highlights the vulnerability of those who are EET. Relationships with family and support networks play a critical role in helping and supporting these youth.

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Essays on intergenerational transmission in Korea

10.32469/10355/88042 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Joonhong Ahn

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

Educational Attainment ◽

High School Graduates ◽

Labor Market Outcomes ◽

Health Problems ◽

Vocational High School ◽

Market Outcomes ◽

High School Degree ◽

Parenting Quality ◽

Academic High School

This dissertation studies the effects of parents' resources on children's labor market outcomes in Korea. The educational structure in Korea has changed substantially with rapid economic growth over the last several decades. There is a substantial difference between parents and children's average educational attainment. Because of economic development and schooling difference between parents and children, the intergenerational transmission of economic status may show different patterns than in developed countries. In addition, parents' health problems may play a role to limit children's educational attainment by reducing parenting quality during early childhood or adolescent periods. The dissertation estimates various causal channels of parents' economic resources to children. The dissertation consists of three chapters. In Chapter 1, I investigate the intergenerational relationship of earnings and education in Korea with particular attention to the trajectories of vocational and academic high school graduates. I estimate that the intergenerational earnings elasticity in Korea is 0.4, which is consistent with previous studies. When educational attainment of fathers and child are controlled, parental earnings are positively associated with children's earnings, although the association decreases to 0.08 (0.10) for sons (daughters). Sons whose fathers completed only a vocational high school degree have a greater chance of attending college than sons whose fathers completed only an academic high school degree. A college degree of a father helps children to have higher earnings and to increase their chance of attending and graduating from college. Father's education has a stronger impact on children's earnings when children's educational attainment is higher. A vocational high school degree reduces a child's probability of attending and completing college compared to academic high school graduates. However, notwithstanding this educational disadvantage, vocational graduates do not appear to suffer substantially in terms of expected earnings, relative to academic high school graduates. In the second chapter, I estimate the average causal effects of parents' educational attainment on the educational attainment of children in Korea using a new method, the nonparametric bounds approach. This approach does not require the assumption of homogeneous and linear effects of parental schooling. It also uses relatively weaker assumptions, monotone treatment response and monotone treatment selection, than assumption underlying other methods and is more amenable to testing. With the additional assumption of monotone instrumental variables, it provides the tightest bounds on the average treatment effects (ATE) that an increase in parents' education increases children's educational success. It also shows the effects are overestimated in simple regression models. The third chapter examines the effects of parental health on children's educational attainment. Parental illness changes parenting quality both by affecting family wealth and in other ways that influence children's labor market outcomes. Parental health problems can especially have relatively larger impacts on children's education when children are in either primary or secondary education than other periods. Longitudinal data from the Korean Labor Income Panel Survey, for the period 1998 - 2018, enables me to examine parental illness effects in the early childhood and adolescent period on ultimate educational achievement. Empirical application in this paper pays attention to situations that each parent's either unexpected or chronic health problems change children's human capital.

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Addressing Adolescent Mental Health after Disasters: The Critical Role of Chronic Stressors

Prehospital and Disaster Medicine ◽

10.1017/s1049023x1900027x ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 34 (s1) ◽

pp. s4-s4

Author(s):

Elizabeth Newnham ◽

Xue Gao ◽

Elizabeth Nathan ◽

Mark Boyes ◽

Feng Jiao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Health Outcomes ◽

Southern China ◽

Critical Role ◽

Trauma Exposure ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Mental Health Outcomes ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Post Traumatic Stress ◽

Chronic Stressors

Introduction:Prolonged conditions of chronic stress have the potential to cause mental health difficulties and disrupt developmental processes for children and adolescents. Natural disasters disproportionately affect low-resource areas, yet little is known about the interaction between trauma exposure, chronic stressors, and mental health.Aim:To determine the rates of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression and anxiety among adolescents affected by earthquakes in China and Nepal, and examine the specific roles of trauma exposure and chronic stressors across the three mental health outcomes.Methods:A school-based, cross-sectional study of 4,215 adolescents (53% female, ages 15-19 years) was conducted in disaster-affected areas of southern China and Nepal. Participants completed a series of translated and culturally adapted standardized assessments. Mixed effects logistic regression analyses were conducted for each mental health outcome.Results:The overall rate of PTSD was 22.7% and was higher among Nepalese participants (China: 19.4% vs. Nepal: 26.8%, p<0.001), but did not differ between genders (China: p=0.087 and Nepal: p=0.758). In both countries, the level of trauma exposure was a significant risk factor for PTSD, depression, and anxiety (China: OR’s 1.09-1.18 and Nepal: OR’s 1.08-1.13). Chronic stressors significantly improved the model and further contributed to mental health outcomes (China: OR’s 1.23-1.26 and Nepal: OR’s 1.10-1.23). Multilevel risk and protective factors across all mental health outcomes will be presented.Discussion:While there are limited opportunities to protect adolescents from disaster exposure, there is significant potential to address the effects of ongoing economic insecurity, domestic violence, and school cessation that are likely to worsen mental health outcomes. Programs that identify chronic stressors for adolescents in disaster-affected settings, and work to address poverty and violence, will have cascading effects for mental health, development, and security.

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The Critical Role of Biliary Candidiasis in Development of Surgical Site Infections after Pancreatoduodenectomy: Results of Prospective Study Using a Selective Culture Medium for Candida Species

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2018/5939724 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Hiroyuki Kato ◽

Yusuke Iizawa ◽

Kei Nakamura ◽

Kazuyuki Gyoten ◽

Aoi Hayasaki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Candida Species ◽

Critical Role ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Surgical Site Infections ◽

Preoperative Assessment ◽

Significant Risk Factor ◽

High Level ◽

New Evidence

In accordance with previous reports, the incidence of biliary candidiasis (BC) after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) was reported to be 0 to 5%, and the clinical significance of BC still has been elusive. In this study, we prospectively evaluated the precise incidence of BC after PD using the CHROMagar Candida plate in an attempt to elucidate whether BC has a significant impact on the clinical outcomes after PD.Patients and Method. From November 2014 to March 2016, the consecutive 51 patients who underwent PD were enrolled for this study. The bile juice was prospectively collected through the biliary stent tube on postoperative days (POD) 3, 7, and 14 and directly incubated onto the CHROMagar Candida plate for the cultivation of various Candida species. In the presence or absence of BC, we compared the incidence of SSIs.Results. The incidence of postoperative BC was 15% on POD 3, 24% on POD 7, and 39% on POD 14, respectively. Taken together, 22 patients out of 51 (43.1%) developed BC after PD. Moreover, the incidence of SSIs was significantly higher in patients with BC than in those without it (71% versus 7%, p=0.005). BC was selected as the only significant risk factor of SSIs after PD among the various risk factors. Even though a cause of BC is unknown, high level of alkaline phosphatase (cut-off line >300 IU/L) was selected as the only preoperative risk factor of the development of BC.Conclusion. We elucidated new evidence in which BC could be the independent cause of SSIs after PD and should not be recognized as just contamination artifacts. Preoperative assessment for identifying carriers of Candida species might be essential for reducing the incidence of SSIs after PD.

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Unpacking Acculturation: Cultural Orientations and Educational Attainment Among Mexican-Origin Youth

Journal of Youth and Adolescence ◽

10.1007/s10964-011-9725-8 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 41 (7) ◽

pp. 920-931 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Kathleen M. Roche ◽

Sharon R. Ghazarian ◽

Maria Eugenia Fernandez-Esquer

Keyword(s):

Educational Attainment ◽

Mexican Origin ◽

Cultural Orientations ◽

Mexican Origin Youth

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DISABILITY LIFE EXPECTANCY FOR THE ELDERLY, CITY OF SÃO PAULO, BRAZIL, 2000: GENDER AND EDUCATIONAL DIFFERENCES

Journal of Biosocial Science ◽

10.1017/s0021932006001428 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 39 (3) ◽

pp. 455-463 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

MIRELA CASTRO SANTOS CAMARGOS ◽

CARLA JORGE MACHADO ◽

ROBERTO DO NASCIMENTO RODRIGUES

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Life Expectancy ◽

Educational Attainment ◽

Health Care Services ◽

Critical Role ◽

Health Behaviours ◽

The Elderly ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

São Paulo ◽

Past Experiences

Summary.There is evidence that ‘health life expectancy’ (expected number of years to be lived in health) differs by socioeconomic status. Time spent in health or disability plays a critical role in the use of health care services. The objective of this study was to estimate ‘disability life expectancy’ by age, gender and education attainment for the elderly of the city of São Paulo, Brazil, in the year 2000. Data came from the SABE database, population censuses and mortality statistics (SEADE Foundation). Life expectancy with disability was calculated using Sullivan’s method on the basis of the current probability of death and prevalence of disability by educational level. The prevalence of disability increased with age, for both sexes and both levels of educational attainment studied. Men showed a lower prevalence of disability, in general, and persons with lower educational attainment showed a higher prevalence of disability. Regarding life expectancy, women could expect to live longer than men, with and without disability. For both sexes, the percentage of life expectancy lived with disability decreased with increasing educational attainment. With increasing educational attainment, the sex differences in the percentage of remaining years to be lived with disability increased for most ages. Finally, the percentage of remaining years to be lived with disability increased with age for males and females, except for males with high educational attainment between the ages 70–75 and 75–80. The results may serve as a guide for public policies in the country, since health problems faced by older persons, such as disability, are the result of a number of past experiences during their life-times, such as health care, housing conditions, hygiene practices and education. Education influences health behaviours and is related, to some extent, to all these factors. Therefore, improvements in education for the disadvantaged may improve health.

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