Is information science an anomalous state of knowledge?

1980 ◽  
Vol 2 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 183-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Hollnagel
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language ◽  
Information Science ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
Behavioral Phenomena ◽  
Anomalous State

This paper looks at some of the problems in information science from the experience with similar problems in psychology. The apparent need for a set of rigorous definitions of the basic concepts is discussed, and it is argued that although this is necessary for the natural sciences it is not necessary for sciences which concern themselves with behavioral phenomena which have a prior description in natural language. It is further argued that information science should be more interested in uncertainty than in information, and it is shown how the Anomalous State of Knowledge (ASK) paradigm may be used to describe itself, hence also information science. It is finally concluded that by turning to problems of uncertainty and lack of information, rather than information, information science may avoid many of the mistakes made by psychology.

scholarly journals Peningkatan Pemahaman Konsep Perubahan Materi Melalui Perbaikan Bahan Ajar

MADRASAH ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Agus Mukti Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Student Understanding ◽  
The Media ◽  
Basic Concepts

<span><em>Student understanding of the concept of Natural Sciences, especially </em><span><em>“material and its changes” are inflenced by the students understanding </em><span><em>of the previous material on the “various substances and nature”. The </em><span><em>development of learning sources about “material and its changes” can</em><br /><span><em>improve students understanding of the concept, in this case is students </em><span><em>of college, if (1) making the media of teaching based on the basic concepts </em><span><em>about material that will be learned by students and that concepts arranged</em><br /><span><em>systematically or sequentially concepts, for example from simple to complex </em><span><em>concept or from the lower to the higher concept, (2) the examples that </em><span><em>given to the students close to the students experiences, beginning from a </em><span><em>simple example.</em><br /><span><strong>Keywords: </strong><span><em>“Material and Its changes”, Remedical of Learning</em><br /><span><em>Sources.</em></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br /><br class="Apple-interchange-newline" /></span></span>

scholarly journals ANALISIS SENYAWA FLAVONOID DAUN LAMUN Enhalus acoroides DI PERAIRAN PANTAI DESA WAAI KABUPATEN MALUKU TENGAH

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-62
Author(s):  
Icak Darling Rahakbauw ◽  
Theopilus Watuguly
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Flavonoid Compound ◽  
Sampling Location ◽  
Chemical Laboratory ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Enhalus Acoroides ◽  
Flavonoid Compounds ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Total Analysis

Background: The coastal waters of Waai Village are the waters located in Kecamatan Kecamatan, Central Maluku District. The potential of coastal resources in this area is quite a lot of seagrass (Seagrass). Although quite a lot but because of the lack of information related to the existing seagrass so that until now the utilization of seagrass in the area has not been maximized. This study aims to determine the total flavonoid compounds contained in the seagrass of Enhalus acoroides. Method: This research was conducted at Basic Chemical Laboratory, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences (FMIPA) Pattimura University Ambon. The study was conducted from March 20-28, 2016, with sampling location in coastal waters of Waai Village, Central Maluku District. The method used refers to the Chang method by using AlCl3 reagent. Result: Based on total analysis of flavonoid compound using laboratory experimental method obtained the average flavonoid level contained in Enhalus acoroides seagrass leaves of 3.569%. Conclusion: Seaweed leaves Enhalus acoroides taken from coastal waters of Waai Village contain flavonoid compounds with an average value of 3.5697%.

Some Applications of a Unified Foundational Ontology in Business Modeling

2011 ◽  
pp. 345-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giancarlo Guizzardi ◽  
Gerd Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Modeling ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Cognitive Engineering ◽  
Business Modeling ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Modeling Methods ◽  
Foundational Ontology ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
And Linguistics

Foundational ontologies provide the basic concepts upon which any domain-specific ontology is built. This chapter presents a new foundational ontology, UFO, and shows how it can be used as a guideline in business modeling and for evaluating business modeling methods. UFO is derived from a synthesis of two other foundational ontologies, GFO/GOL and OntoClean/DOLCE. While their main areas of application are natural sciences and linguistics/cognitive engineering, respectively, the main purpose of UFO is to provide a foundation for conceptual modeling, including business modeling.

scholarly journals An Introduction to Grammatical Inference for Linguists

Triangle ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Leonor Becerra-Bonache
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Natural Language ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Computer Science ◽  
Special Interest ◽  
Formal Languages ◽  
Grammatical Inference ◽  
Basic Concepts

This paper is meant to be an introductory guide to Grammatical Inference (GI), i.e., the study of machine learning of formal languages. It is designed for non-specialists in Computer Science, but with a special interest in language learning. It covers basic concepts and models developed in the framework of GI, and tries to point out the relevance of these studies for natural language acquisition.

scholarly journals The “meeting” of Information Literacy with the trans people narratives

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme Goulart Righetto ◽  
Elizete Vieira Vitorino
Keyword(s):  
Information Literacy ◽  
Social Vulnerability ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Information Science ◽  
Science Field ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Trans People ◽  
The Social ◽  
Ethical Criteria ◽  
Access Policies

The main objective of this article is to point out the constant situation of stigma, oppression, and prejudice towards trans people, whose gender identities permeate the male/masculine and female/feminine understandings. The method used was though qualitative research and bibliographical survey, which narrative interview as the main method of collection; It includes qualitative theoretical and conceptual pointings on information literacy, that “meet” with excerpts of five narratives obtained by transgender (or simply “trans”) people from Florianópolis region, Santa Catarina, under three aspects: of information, of social vulnerability and of resilience, and from the social phenomenology standpoint. These narratives were obtained through ethical criteria and served as a cornerstone in the empirical corpus at master’s level research, completed in early 2018. Through the narratives exposed and the “bonding” with the literature, it was perceived that information is the principle – and the main issue – of the developed relations in social spaces and their components: information needs’ of trans people are given by lack of information and absence of understanding from other people and institutions, almost totally; which triggers the transgender population’s social exclusion and the restriction of quality of life, including various social vulnerability faces – either on education, health, housing, labor market, security, among others. As conclusions, it appoints the urgent need for studies, research and interdisciplinary initiatives in this scenario, mainly in the Information Science field, whose scope is considered predominantly social. So, the rise and importance of information literacy for Brazil in recent years strongly indicate the need to share experiences applicable for Brazilian reality, to the detriment of the challenges required, also implying in the social inequities reduction and regional inequalities, mainly related to the access policies and use of information for the citizenship exercise and to the lifelong learning.

scholarly journals A Reference for That: Six Words

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Nicolette Warisse Sosulski ◽  
David A. Tyckoson
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language ◽  
Information Literacy ◽  
Literacy Instruction ◽  
Information Science ◽  
Thought Processes ◽  
Information Literacy Instruction

Now, what I mean is that we are no longer able to think like regular members of the population when it comes to searching. We have come, more and more—over years on desk—to think like the indexer or taxonomist of a database, OPAC, or website. We do not realize the extent of this transformation—we just get more and more successful at finding things, not realizing how we find them changes or how we, incrementally, discover strategies that work. We are oblivious to these strategies we use until we have an aha moment and realize they are not obvious to anybody else. Although information science has made great strides in natural language searching programs, successful information literacy instruction still involves teaching laymen to think like indexers. However, we may not realize just how much our own thought processes have morphed and how different they are from those of our patrons.

Taking genre into account when analysing conceptual relation patterns

Corpora ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Condamines
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language Processing ◽  
Natural Language ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Semantic Interpretation ◽  
Corpus Study ◽  
Text Genre ◽  
Conceptual Relation ◽  
Didactic Texts

This paper uses a corpus study to investigate the influence of text genre on the frequency and semantic interpretation of certain pattern/concept relations. In linking pattern/concept relations to text genre, this study identifies three types of dependency: weak dependency, where the relation appears in almost any kind of text; complete dependency, where it is strongly linked to a particular text or group of related texts; and dependency in terms of text genre. The particular examples that form the basis of the study are meronymic chez, which is found to have a significant dependency in didactic texts in the natural sciences; comme as a marker of hypernymy and co-hyponymy, which has a weaker, but observable dependency in technical and didactic genres; nominal anaphora involving hypernyms, where no consistent conclusions can be reached; and meronymic avec, where the significant factor is shown to be communicative objective rather than domain (subject matter). I discuss the relevance of such studies to Natural Language Processing, and indicate the potential for further research.

scholarly journals Classifying the LOD cloud

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 06-10
Author(s):  
Daniel Martínez Ávila ◽  
Richard P. Smiraglia ◽  
Rick Szostak ◽  
Andrea Scharnhorst ◽  
Wouter Beek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linked Data ◽  
Information Science ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Knowledge Graph ◽  
Statistical Techniques ◽  
Library And Information Science ◽  
Universal Decimal Classification ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Decimal Classification

Massive amounts of data from different contexts and producers are collected and connected relying often solely on statistical techniques. Problems to the acclaimed value of data lie in the precise definition of data and associated contexts as well as the problem that data are not always published in meaningful and open ways. The Linked Data paradigm offers a solution to the limitations of simple keywords by having unique, resolvable and shared identifiers instead of strings This paper reports on a three-year research project “Digging Into the Knowledge Graph,” funded as part of the 2016 Round Four Digging Into Data Challenge (https://diggingintodata.org/awards/2016/project/digging-knowledge-graph). Our project involves comparing terminology employed within the LOD cloud with terminology employed within two general but different KOSs – Universal Decimal Classification and Basic Concepts Classification. We are exploring whether these classifications can encourage greater consistency in LOD terminology and linking the largely distinct scholarly literatures that address LOD and KOSs. Our project is an attempt to connect the Linked Open Data community, which has tended to be centered in computer science, and the KO community, with members from linguistics, metaphysics, library and information science. We focus on the shared challenges related to Big Data between both communities.

scholarly journals Automated Trait Extraction using ClearEarth, a Natural Language Processing System for Text Mining in Natural Sciences

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. e26080 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Thessen ◽  
Jenette Preciado ◽  
Payoj Jain ◽  
James Martin ◽  
Martha Palmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language Processing ◽  
Natural Language ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Processing System ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Good Precision ◽  
Named Entities ◽  
Clinical Notes ◽  
Linguistic Annotation

The cTAKES package (using the ClearTK Natural Language Processing toolkit Bethard et al. 2014,http://cleartk.github.io/cleartk/) has been successfully used to automatically read clinical notes in the medical field (Albright et al. 2013, Styler et al. 2014). It is used on a daily basis to automatically process clinical notes and extract relevant information by dozens of medical institutions. ClearEarth is a collaborative project that brings together computational linguistics and domain scientists to port Natural Language Processing (NLP) modules trained on the same types of linguistic annotation to the fields of geology, cryology, and ecology. The goal for ClearEarth in the ecology domain is the extraction of ecologically-relevant terms, including eco-phenotypic traits from text and the assignment of those traits to taxa. Four annotators used Anafora (an annotation software; https://github.com/weitechen/anafora) to mark seven entity types (biotic, aggregate, abiotic, locality, quality, unit, value) and six reciprocal property types (synonym of/has synonym, part of/has part, subtype/supertype) in 133 documents from primarily Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) and Wikipedia according to project guidelines (https://github.com/ClearEarthProject/AnnotationGuidelines). Inter-annotator agreement ranged from 43% to 90%. Performance of ClearEarth on identifying named entities in biology text overall was good (precision: 85.56%; recall: 71.57%). The named entities with the best performance were organisms and their parts/products (biotic entities - precision: 72.09%; recall: 54.17%) and systems and environments (aggregate entities - precision: 79.23%; recall: 75.34%). Terms and their relationships extracted by ClearEarth can be embedded in the new ecocore ontology after vetting (http://www.obofoundry.org/ontology/ecocore.html). This project enables use of advanced industry and research software within natural sciences for downstream operations such as data discovery, assessment, and analysis. In addition, ClearEarth uses the NLP results to generate domain-specific ontologies and other semantic resources.

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