scholarly journals Family Visitation Patterns during Incarceration in Denmark

2021 ◽  
pp. 0192513X2199118
Author(s):  
Anne Sofie Tegner Anker ◽  
Christopher Wildeman
Keyword(s):  
Latent Class Analysis ◽  
Administrative Data ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Average Frequency ◽  
First Year ◽  
Psychological Benefits ◽  
Quantitative Evidence ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Qualitative Evidence ◽  
Substantial Heterogeneity

While qualitative evidence has highlighted psychological benefits of visitation during incarceration, and quantitative evidence has linked visitation to better post-release outcomes for inmates, we know little about heterogeneity in visitation patterns and the factors shaping them. Using Danish administrative data on inmates incarcerated at least a year between 2004 and 2014 ( N = 5,441), we first examine average frequency and duration of family visits across the first year of incarceration and then describe five distinct visitation patterns using latent class analysis. Finally, we investigate what predicts visitation patterns. The findings highlight that (a) there is substantial heterogeneity in the patterns of family visitation and (b) both individual-level and institution-level factors partially predict this heterogeneity. Parenthood, high pre-incarceration income, and long sentences were associated with high levels of visitation and being placed far from home and transferred between facilities were associated with a higher risk of receiving low or decreasing levels of visitation.

scholarly journals Use of Individual-level Covariates to Improve Latent Class Analysis of Trypanosoma cruzi Diagnostic Tests

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron W. Tustin ◽  
Dylan S. Small ◽  
Stephen Delgado ◽  
Ricardo Castillo Neyra ◽  
Manuela R. Verastegui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Latent Class Analysis ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Class Analysis ◽  
Individual Level

scholarly journals Using administrative data to understand the service interactions of people experiencing homelessness

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Browne Gott
Keyword(s):  
Administrative Data ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Service Use ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Homeless People ◽  
The United States ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Quantitative Evidence ◽  
Service Interactions

It is recognized that people experiencing homelessness have complex trajectories through multiple agencies, including emergency health and homelessness services. Though there is a large body of quantitative evidence from the United States and some Scandinavian countries on the service interactions of people experiencing homelessness, the evidence base in the UK is mainly limited to qualitative studies and small scale surveys. This paper therefore addresses this evidence gap, by presenting initial findings from a longitudinal linked administrative data study, linking together data on people seeking assistance with homelessness in a single local authority in Wales along with routinely collected data from public services. In addition to exploring the overall patterns of service use by people experiencing homelessness, latent class analysis was used in order to generate a typology of service experience, in acknowledgement that not all homeless people are the same. Due to the movement of people through multiple institutional systems, administrative data are an ideal data source for researching this aspect of homelessness. It is hoped that through the creation of a typology of service, this can be used to provide a greater understanding of Welsh homelessness, thereby allowing for a more effective targeting of services and improving the pathways of people experiencing homelessness through public services.

Is There a Spillover Effect of Targeted Dietary Change on Untargeted Health Behaviors? Evidence From a Dietary Modification Trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 569-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Sarma ◽  
Anne Moyer ◽  
Catherine R. Messina ◽  
Helena H. Laroche ◽  
Linda Snetselaar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Health Behavior ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Latent Class Analysis ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Dietary Change ◽  
Dietary Modification ◽  
First Year

Background. The gateway behavior hypothesis posits that change in a health behavior targeted for modification may promote positive changes in other untargeted health behaviors; however, previous studies have shown inconsistent results. Aims. To examine the patterns and predictors of change in untargeted health behaviors in a large health behavior change trial. Method. Using repeated-measures latent class analysis, this study explored patterns of change in untargeted physical activity, alcohol consumption, and smoking behavior during the first year of the Women’s Health Initiative dietary modification trial that targeted total fat reduction to 20% kcal and targeted increased fruit and vegetable intake. Participants were healthy postmenopausal women who were randomly assigned to either the low-fat dietary change intervention ( n = 8,193) or a control ( n = 12,187) arm. Results. Although there were increases in untargeted physical activity and decreases in alcohol consumption and smoking in the first year, these changes were not consistently associated with study arm. Moreover, although the results of the repeated-measures latent class analysis identified three unique subgroups of participants with similar patterns of untargeted health behaviors, none of the subgroups showed substantial change in the probability of engagement in any of the behaviors over 1 year, and the study arms had nearly identical latent class solutions. Discussion and Conclusion. These findings suggest that the dietary intervention did not act as a gateway behavior for change in the untargeted behaviors and that researchers interested in changing multiple health behaviors may need to deliberately target additional behaviors.

scholarly journals Healthcare system performance and socioeconomic inequalities in hearing and visual impairments in 17 European countries

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asri Maharani ◽  
Piers Dawes ◽  
James Nazroo ◽  
Gindo Tampubolon ◽  
Neil Pendleton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Latent Class Analysis ◽  
Healthcare System ◽  
System Performance ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Visual Impairments ◽  
Class Analysis ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Logistic Regressions ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Background Socioeconomic status is associated with health status among older adults, including hearing and vision impairments, and healthcare system performance is an important consideration in examining that association. We explored the link between a country’s healthcare system performance and the hearing and visual impairments of its people in Europe. Methods This study enrolled 65 332 individuals aged 50+ from 17 countries participating in the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe Wave 6. We used latent class analysis to identify groups of countries based on six domains of healthcare system performance. We then performed multiple logistic regressions to quantify the association between socioeconomic status and hearing and visual impairments adjusted for demographic and other co-variates; finally, we compared the patterns of observed associations in each of the country groups. Results The latent class analysis separated countries into three groups based on the performance of their healthcare systems: poor, moderate and high. Respondents in countries with moderate and poor healthcare performance were more likely to experience hearing and visual impairment than those in countries with high healthcare performance. With respect to hearing and visual impairments, wealth gradients at the individual level varied among countries in different healthcare performance groups, with less wealth associated with worse hearing and seeing only in the countries with moderate and poor healthcare performance. Conclusion The relationships between wealth and hearing and visual impairments differ among countries with different healthcare performance.

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