scholarly journals Spontaneous Extramural Coronary Arteritis in Dogs,

1989 ◽  
Vol 17 (1_part_2) ◽  
pp. 138-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard A. Hartman
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Inflammatory Cell ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Coronary Vessels ◽  
Inflammatory Lesion ◽  
Vascular Lesions ◽  
Coronary Arteritis ◽  
Random Source ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Right

Control and treated beagle and random-source dog hearts obtained from 119 toxicological experiments were evaluated histologically to study the incidence and characteristics of a microscopic inflammatory lesion specific to the extramural coronary arteries. The lesion occurred in 23% of the experiments. The incidence was 2.3% of the control and treated beagle hearts examined. In the control begales, it was present in 3.1% of males and 1.3% of females and in the treated beagles, in 1.8% males and 2.8% females. It occurred in 4.7% of the random-source animals. While not visible grossly, histologically, the solitary lesions were characterized by adventitial infiltrates of mononuclear cells, occasional areas of necrosis with inflammatory cell infiltrates occurring in the mural and subendothelial regions. The latter resulted in prominent separation of the intima from the media. The lesions occurred in the right and left coronary arteries and in the dorsal, circumflex and ventral descending branches of the left coronary artery. Similar vascular lesions were not found in the intramural coronary vessels or in other organs in the affected animals. Expanded sampling of the extramural coronary arteries revealed an incidence of 5–9%. This lesion of focal extramural coronary arteritis was considered idiopathic, and not a manifestation of recently reported polyarteritis syndromes in dogs.

scholarly journals Idiopathic Extramural Coronary Arteritis in Beagle and Mongrel Dogs

1987 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 537-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Hartman
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Left Coronary Artery ◽  
Inflammatory Cell ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Coronary Vessels ◽  
Vascular Lesions ◽  
Elastic Membrane ◽  
Inflammatory Lesions ◽  
Coronary Arteritis ◽  
The Right

Hearts obtained from 119 toxicological experiments on dogs during a 21-year period (1965–1986) were evaluated histologically to determine the incidence and characteristics of focal microscopic inflammatory lesions of the extramural coronary arteries. Lesions were encountered in 23% of 119 experiments. The average overall incidence was 2.3% of 1,905 control and chemically treated male and female beagle hearts (3.1% of male and 1.3% of female control beagles, and 1.8% of male and 2.8% of female treated beagles). Lesions were seen in 4.7% of 127 random-source mongrel dogs. Histologically, lesions were characterized by adventitial infiltrates of mononuclear cells, areas of mural necrosis, and inflammatory cell infiltrates in both mural and subendothelial regions. In the latter region, fibrosis developed separating the intima from the internal elastic membrane. Lesions occurred in the right and left coronary arteries and in the dorsal, circumflex, and ventral descending branches of the left coronary artery. Vascular lesions were not present in the intramural coronary vessels or in vessels of other organs in affected animals. More extensive sampling of the extramural coronary arteries revealed an incidence of 5–9%. The lesion of focal extramural coronary arteritis was idiopathic, and not a manifestation of the polyarteritis syndrome of dogs.

A CADAVERIC STUDY ON CORONARY ARTERY VARIATIONS AND ITS CLINICAL `SIGNIFICANCE

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-22
Author(s):  
Sony Jhansi Priya ◽  
Sangeetha A ◽  
M. Sai Krishna
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Left Coronary Artery ◽  
Coronary Vessels ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Cadaveric Study ◽  
Aortic Sinus ◽  
Clinical Procedures ◽  
Human Cadavers ◽  
The Right

Coronary artery variations are one of the commonest variations observed during clinical procedures. Normally, there are two main coronary arteries, the right coronary artery (RCA), left coronary artery (LCA).Left coronary artery gives two important branches left circumex artery (LCX) and left anterior descending (LAD) arteries. Knowledge about the coronary vessels and its variations are essential to clinicians to prevent untoward injury of vessels during any procedures. To study the morphology and variations of coronar Aim: y arteries by dissection. Materials and Methods: The present study was a cadaveric study which was conducted on 50 hearts obtained from adult human cadavers. Coronary arteries were dissected to see the origin, course and variations. The data was entered in Microsoft excel sheet and expressed in percentage. The Right Results: coronary artery branched out from the right aortic sinus and had an average diameter of 3.5mm. The left coronary artery arouse from left aortic sinus and had an average diameter of 4mm. LMCA divided into two branches in 60 percent, three branches in 30 percent and four branches in 06 percent of the hearts and direct branches from left aortic sinuus in 4 percent hearts.Based on the origin of Posterior descending or interventricular artery, Right dominance was observed in 68 percent, left dominance in 26 percent, and equal dominance in 06 percent of the hearts. Conclusion: Knowledge about the variations of coronary vessels is a prerequisite for clinicians to perform interventions of coronary vessels.

scholarly journals Anatomy of the Heart with the Highest Heart Rate

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Hee Chang ◽  
Boris I Sheftel ◽  
Bjarke Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Developmental Process ◽  
Sinus Node ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
Coronary Vessels ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Segmental Analysis ◽  
Luminal Side ◽  
The Right

Shrews occupy the lower extreme of the seven orders of magnitude mammals range in size. Their hearts are large relative to body weight and heart rate can exceed a thousand beats a minute. To investigate whether cardiac traits that are typical mammalian scale to these extremes, we assessed the heart of three species of shrew (genus Sorex) following the sequential segmental analysis developed for human hearts. Using micro-computed tomography we describe the overall structure and find, in agreement with previous studies, a large and elongate ventricle. The atrial and ventricular septums and the atrioventricular and arterial valves are typically mammalian. The ventricular walls comprise mostly compact myocardium and especially the right ventricle has few trabeculations on the luminal side. A developmental process of compaction is thought to reduce trabeculations in mammals, but in embryonic shrews the volume of trabeculations increase for every gestational stage, only slower than the compact volume. By expression of Hcn4, we identify a sinus node and an atrioventricular conduction axis which is continuous with the ventricular septal crest. Outstanding traits include pulmonary venous sleeve myocardium that reaches farther into the lungs than in any other mammals. Typical proportions of coronary arteries-to-aorta do not scale and the shrew coronary arteries are proportionally enormous, presumably to avoid the high resistance to blood flow of narrow vessels. In conclusion, most cardiac traits do scale to the miniscule shrews. The shrew heart, nevertheless, stands out by its relative size, elongation, proportionally large coronary vessels, and extent of pulmonary venous myocardium.

scholarly journals Treatment Procedures for Calcified Coronary Artery Lesions: A Juxtaposing Review of Intravascular Lithotripsy and Rotational Atherectomy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prima Hapsari Wulandari
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Coronary Vessels ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Rotational Atherectomy ◽  
Vascular Lesions ◽  
Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events ◽  
High Calcium

Abstract The calcium content in the coronary artery is one of the most important factors that influence coronary events. High calcium levels lead to excessive calcification in coronary vessels and are more difficult to treat with percutaneous intervention (PCI). Treatment for complex lesions is performed by intravascular lithotripsy (IVL) system consisting of balloon catheters within which electrical energy is being transformed into mechanical energy. IVL technology discharges soundwaves that transmit to the neighbouring tissue leading to improvement in vascular compliance and the destruction of both superficial and visceral calcium deposits. Consequently, coronary artery calcification (CAC) treatment becomes more effective, more practical, and plays a role in reducing lesion complexity. Types of lesions studied for the IVL system comprise of calcified coronary arteries and peripheral vascular lesions. This article evaluates the role of the IVL system in treating coronary arteries calcification, its benefits, and drawbacks compared to other techniques. According to clinical trials in intravascular lithotripsy and rotational atherectomy, the former was deemed more secure, primarily by reducing the risk of embolization by atheroma. Interpreting the studies included in this review, IVL appears to have superior results in acute lumen gain, success rate, and improvement in stenosis residue, while rotational atherectomy (RA) delivers lesser in-hospital major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and provides better approach in the presence of lesion crossings. Additional extensive researches and clinical data are needed to substantiate the efficiency and safety of IVL technology.

Aldosteronism: an immunostimulatory state precedes proinflammatory/fibrogenic cardiac phenotype

2003 ◽  
Vol 285 (2) ◽  
pp. H813-H821 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan C. Gerling ◽  
Yao Sun ◽  
Robert A. Ahokas ◽  
Linus A. Wodi ◽  
Syamal K. Bhattacharya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Nitrosative Stress ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Vascular Lesions ◽  
Oxidative And Nitrosative Stress ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Cardiac Phenotype ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Right

Chronic inappropriate (relative to dietary Na+intake) elevations in circulating aldosterone (ALDO), termed aldosteronism, are associated with remodeling of intramural arteries of the right and left heart. Lesions appear at week 4 of treatment with ALDO and 1% dietary NaCl in uninephrectomized rats (ALDOST) and include invading monocytes, macrophages and lymphocytes with intracellular evidence of oxidative and nitrosative stress, myofibroblasts, and perivascular fibrosis. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that an immunostimulatory state with activated circulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) precedes this proinflammatory and profibrogenic cardiac phenotype and is initiated by reduction in the cytosolic free Mg2+concentration ([Mg2+]i). At 1 and 4 wk of ALDOST (preclinical and clinical stages, respectively), we monitored serum Mg2+, PBMC [Mg2+]iand cytosolic free [Ca2+] (via fluorimetry), and expressed genes (via microchip array) as well as markers of oxidative and nitrosative stress in plasma [α1-antiproteinase activity (α1-AP)] and cardiac tissue (immunohistochemical detection of gp91phoxsubunit of NADPH oxidase and 3-nitrotyrosine). Age- and gender-matched unoperated and untreated (UO) rats and uninephrectomized salt-treated (UN) rats served as controls. Serum [Mg2+] was unchanged by ALDOST. In contrast with UO and UN, [Mg2+]iand plasma α1-AP were each reduced ( P < 0.05) at weeks 1 and 4. The decline in PBMC [Mg2+]iwas accompanied by Ca2+loading. Differential (twofold and higher) expression (up- and downregulation) in PBMC transcriptomes was present at week 1 and progressed at week 4. Involved were genes for the α1-isoform of Na+-K+-ATPase, the ATP-dependent Ca2+pump, antioxidant reserves, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and PBMC activation with autoimmune responses. Expression of 3-nitrotyrosine and activation of gp91phoxwere seen in inflammatory cells that invaded intramural arteries. Thus early in aldosteronism (preclinical stage), an immunostimulatory state featuring activated circulating PBMCs with reduced ionized [Mg2+]iand oxidative and nitrosative stress precedes and may even predispose to coronary vascular lesions that first appear at week 4.

Promosi Dan Informasi Media Audio Visual Berbentuk Video Profile Pada SMK PGRI 11 Ciledug Kota Tangerang

CICES ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-47
Author(s):  
Faisal Rudiansyah Hamzah ◽  
Panji Wira Soma ◽  
Indri Rahmawati
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Print Media ◽  
Visual Media ◽  
Message Delivery ◽  
The Public ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Right

With the development of information technology in particular in the field of multimedia in such rapid and the longer forms of media information more diverse so that more education institutions boast. Media information and promotion is currently used by SMK PGRI 11 Ciledug Tangerang. The purpose of this research audio visual media into the media information and proper promotion, by controlling hearing and vision in the form of audio visual in order to convey messages can be understood by the public at large. Existing problems, namely the medium used by the SMK PGRI 11 Ciledug Tangerang still use print media such as banners, posters and pamplet are considered less effective and efficient to use while simultaneously promoting the institutions with the best possible audio visual media so that it is selected into a medium of information and promotion of the right, by controlling hearing and vision in the form of audio visual. Because therein lies the message delivery process or how to visualize. At the same time listening and showing the contents of the message to the recipient with information through media menunjangnya, so the design of video media profile that displays the entire scope, advantages and facilities belonging to SMK PGRI 11 Ciledug Tangerang, can be a solution in solving problems in media promotion and information. With this study the author makes with the title "promotion and INFORMATION AUDIO VISUAL MEDIA SHAPED VIDEO PROFILE on SMK PGRI 11 APPLICATIONS TANGERANG CITY ".

The Architecture of Our Discontent

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yochai Benkler ◽  
Robert Faris ◽  
Hal Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Political Communication ◽  
News Media ◽  
The United States ◽  
Online Media ◽  
First Year ◽  
Media Ecosystem ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Right ◽  
Integrated Media ◽  
Presidential Election Campaign

This chapter presents the book’s macrolevel findings about the architecture of political communication and the news media ecosystem in the United States from 2015 to 2018. Two million stories published during the 2016 presidential election campaign are analyzed, along with another 1.9 million stories about Donald Trump’s presidency during his first year. The chapter examines patterns of interlinking between online media sources to understand the relations of authority and credibility among publishers, as well as the media sharing practices of Twitter and Facebook users to elucidate social media attention patterns. The data and mapping reveal not only a profoundly polarized media landscape but stark asymmetry: the right is more insular, skewed towards the extreme, and set apart from the more integrated media ecosystem of the center, center-left, and left.

Readers' Liberation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Rose
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
Freedom Of Information ◽  
Human Communication ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Investigative Journalism ◽  
Literary Education ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Right ◽  
Promotion Campaigns

The Literary Agenda is a series of short polemical monographs about the importance of literature and of reading in the wider world and about the state of literary education inside schools and universities. The category of 'the literary' has always been contentious. What is clear, however, is how increasingly it is dismissed or is unrecognised as a way of thinking or an arena for thought. It is sceptically challenged from within, for example, by the sometimes rival claims of cultural history, contextualized explanation, or media studies. It is shaken from without by even greater pressures: by economic exigency and the severe social attitudes that can follow from it; by technological change that may leave the traditional forms of serious human communication looking merely antiquated. For just these reasons this is the right time for renewal, to start reinvigorated work into the meaning and value of literary reading. For the Internet and digitial generation, the most basic human right is the freedom to read. The Web has indeed brought about a rapid and far-reaching revolution in reading, making a limitless global pool of literature and information available to anyone with a computer. At the same time, however, the threats of censorship, surveillance, and mass manipulation through the media have grown apace. Some of the most important political battles of the twenty-first century have been fought--and will be fought--over the right to read. Will it be adequately protected by constitutional guarantees and freedom of information laws? Or will it be restricted by very wealthy individuals and very powerful institutions? And given increasingly sophisticated methods of publicity and propaganda, how much of what we read can we believe? This book surveys the history of independent sceptical reading, from antiquity to the present. It tells the stories of heroic efforts at self-education by disadvantaged people in all parts of the world. It analyzes successful reading promotion campaigns throughout history (concluding with Oprah Winfrey) and explains why they succeeded. It also explores some disturbing current trends, such as the reported decay of attentive reading, the disappearance of investigative journalism, 'fake news', the growth of censorship, and the pervasive influence of advertisers and publicists on the media--even on scientific publishing. For anyone who uses libraries and Internet to find out what the hell is going on, this book is a guide, an inspiration, and a warning.

scholarly journals All four coronary arteries arising separately from the right aortic sinus of Valsalva: rare anomaly

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. e229498
Author(s):  
Raghvendra Choudhary ◽  
Aditya Batra ◽  
Vinay Malik ◽  
Kunal Mahajan
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Sinus Of Valsalva ◽  
Aortic Sinus ◽  
Rare Anomaly ◽  
The Right

scholarly journals Electroangiographic Correlation of Simultaneous ST-Segment Elevations of Anterior and Inferior Segment: Who Is the Culprit?

2021 ◽  
pp. 263246362110155
Author(s):  
Pankaj Jariwala ◽  
Shanehyder Zaidi ◽  
Kartik Jadhav
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Coronary Angiography ◽  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Index Case ◽  
St Segment Elevation ◽  
Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction ◽  
St Segment ◽  
Inferior Segment ◽  
The Right ◽  
Proximal Occlusion

Simultaneous ST-segment elevation (SST-SE) in anterior and inferior leads in the setting of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction is often confounding for a cardiologist and further more challenging is the angiographic localization of the culprit vessel. SST-SE can be fatal as it jeopardizes simultaneously a larger area of myocardium. This phenomenon could be due to “one lesion, one artery,” “two lesions, one artery,” “two lesions, two arteries,” or combinations in two different coronary arteries. We have discussed an index case where we encountered a phenomenon of SST-SE and coronary angiography demonstrated “two lesions, one artery” (proximal occlusion and distal critical diffuse stenoses of the wrap-around left anterior descending [LAD] artery) and “two lesions, two (different coronary) arteries” (previously mentioned stenoses of the LAD artery and critical stenosis of the posterolateral branch of the right coronary arteries). We have also described in brief the possible causes of this phenomena and their electroangiographic correlation of the culprit vessels.

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