Jaw Opening Decreases Window to the Deep Parotid Lobe

2018 ◽  
Vol 159 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-441
Author(s):  
Yu-Jin Lee ◽  
Uchechukwu Megwalu ◽  
Erick Melara ◽  
Vasu Divi ◽  
Vinay T. Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Estimating Equation ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Condylar Process ◽  
Jaw Opening ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Interincisal Distance ◽  
Human Skulls ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Improve Access

To describe the relationship between jaw opening and access to the deep parotid window, we identified the following distances in 10 human skulls: symphysis to angle of mandible, mastoid tip to angle of mandible, angle of mandible to condylar process, and mastoid tip to condylar process. With the jaw closed and open, these distances were measured with 1 to 3 wooden blocks, each measuring 1 cm, between the upper and lower incisors. The triangular deep parotid area formed by the last 3 distances was calculated. A repeated measures analysis of variance showed a significant decrease in the deep parotid area with increasing interincisal distance ( P < .01). A generalized estimating equation model demonstrated a statistically significant decreasing area of the deep parotid window with increasing interincisal distance. These results suggest that nasal intubation may improve access to the parotid window.

scholarly journals Pain control in orthodontics using a micropulse vibration device: A randomized clinical trial

2015 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 625-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy D. Lobre ◽  
Brent J. Callegari ◽  
Gary Gardner ◽  
Curtis M. Marsh ◽  
Anneke C. Bush ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trial ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Pain Scores ◽  
Parallel Group ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT Objective:  To investigate the relationship between a micropulse vibration device and pain perception during orthodontic treatment. Materials and Methods:  This study was a parallel group, randomized clinical trial. A total of 58 patients meeting eligibility criteria were assigned using block allocation to one of two groups: an experimental group using the vibration device or a control group (n  =  29 for each group). Patients used the device for 20 minutes daily. Patients rated pain intensity on a visual analog scale at appropriate intervals during the weeks after the separator or archwire appointment. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance at α  =  .05. Results:  During the 4-month test period, significant differences between the micropulse vibration device group and the control group for overall pain (P  =  .002) and biting pain (P  =  .003) were identified. The authors observed that perceived pain was highest at the beginning of the month, following archwire adjustment. Conclusion:  The micropulse vibration device significantly lowered the pain scores for overall pain and biting pain during the 4-month study period.

scholarly journals In-school and Out-of-school Physical Activity in Preschool Children

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 606-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer R. O’Neill ◽  
Karin A. Pfeiffer ◽  
Marsha Dowda ◽  
Russell R. Pate
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Full Sample ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Children’S Physical Activity ◽  
Out Of School

Background:Little is known about the relationship between children’s physical activity (PA) in preschool (in-school) and outside of preschool (out-of-school). This study described this relationship.Methods:Participants were 341 children (4.6 ± 0.3 years) in 16 preschools. Accelerometers measured moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and total physical activity (TPA) in-school and out-of-school. In the full sample, Pearson correlation was used to describe associations between in-school and out-of-school PA. In addition, children were categorized as meeting or not meeting a PA guideline during school. MVPA and TPA were compared between the 2 groups and in-school and out-of-school using 2-way repeated-measures analysis of variance.Results:In the full sample, in-school and out-of-school PA were positively correlated for MVPA (r = .13, P = .02) and TPA (r = .15, P = .01). Children who met the guideline in-school remained comparably active out-of-school. However, those who did not meet the guideline were more active out-of-school than in-school. The groups were active at comparable levels while out-of-school. Identical patterns were seen for MVPA and TPA.Conclusions:Children’s in-school PA was positively associated with out-of-school PA. Children who did not meet the guideline in-school were more active out-of-school than in-school, suggesting preschool and classroom factors may reduce some children’s PA in-school.

scholarly journals The Effect of Deep Traumatic Overbite on the Periodontium of the Upper Anterior Teeth in a Cohort of Adult Saudi Dental Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 01 (09) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amani A. Mirdad Mirdad ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Plaque Index ◽  
Gingival Index ◽  
Periodontal Health ◽  
Pocket Depth ◽  
Dental Patients ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Bite Plate ◽  
The Relationship

Aim: to assess the relationship between deep overbite with palatal impingement and periodontal health status in a cohort of adult Saudi dental patients. Materials and Methods:Ten patients (4 males and 6 females, aged 16 to 31 years old) with deep traumatic overbite and palatal impingement were examined. A Hawley retainer appliance with an anterior bite plate was provided for all patients.Pocket depth, bleeding index, gingival index, plaque index and mobility were recorded for four visits after using the appliance with fixed intervals in-between. Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to assess the differences between visits, control /experimental teeth and surfaces (palatal /labial) for pocket depth, bleeding index, plaque index,gingival index and mobility.

Stress in Migrant Farmworkers During Premigration

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyn M. Clingerman ◽  
Adama Brown
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Middle School Education ◽  
Lower Rio Grande Valley ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Education Design ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Pilot Feasibility Study

Purpose: This study explored the relationship between migrant farmworker (MFW) stress and salivary cortisol (sC) in a sample of MFWs prior to migration. Sample: The sample, 40 ( N = 14 male, 26 female) adult MFWs residing in the lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas, primarily comprised middle-aged immigrants with a middle-school education. Design: This pilot feasibility study included a self-report farmworker stress inventory and five serial sC specimens in 24 hr. Results: The sC measures reflected an expected diurnal pattern. Lower total cortisol (area under the curve with respect to ground) was significantly associated with greater waist circumference ( r = –.63, p ≤ .01). Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that participants who perceived high levels of farmworker stress exhibited a significant change in sC over time; F(2.14, 72.65) = 43.90, p < .001. High- and low-perceived-stress groups differed significantly in the trajectory of changes in sC over the five time points. Conclusion: MFWs experienced significant levels of stress during premigration. Their sC responses varied significantly by level of perceived farmworker stress. Lower perceived stress may reflect blunting of the sC response pattern.

scholarly journals An Event-Level Investigation of Factors Associated With Young Women’s Experiences of Coerced Consensual Sex

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 384-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia A. Stappenbeck ◽  
Jeanette Norris ◽  
Rhiana Wegner ◽  
Amanda E. B. Bryan ◽  
Kelly Cue Davis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Victimization ◽  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Sexual Experience ◽  
Estimating Equation ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Consensual Sex ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Victimization History

Little is known about instances of coerced consensual sex in which women report both that they consented to have sex and that their partner used coercive tactics (e.g., made threats) to get them to have sex when they did not want to. Yet, these experiences are frequently reported by young sexually active women. We examined the relationship between sexual victimization history and the woman’s level of alcohol intoxication in the likelihood of experiencing coerced consensual sex using event-level data collected over a 1-year period from 548 young adult nonproblem drinking women who engaged in sexual activity with men. Twenty percent ( n = 112) reported at least one incident of coerced consensual sex. A generalized estimating equation model revealed main effects of daily estimated blood alcohol content (eBAC) and sexual victimization severity. The more women increased their alcohol consumption above their own average and the more severe their sexual victimization history, the more likely they were to experience coerced consensual sex. Our findings highlight the fact that coercion and consent are not mutually exclusive in some situations and shed light on this important yet understudied coercive sexual experience.

The Psychophysiological Differentiation of Emotional Memories

1997 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul S. Foster ◽  
Daniel G. Webster ◽  
Edward W. L. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Skin Resistance ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Personality Questionnaire ◽  
Psychophysiological Responses ◽  
Emotional Memories ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Life Circumstances ◽  
The Relationship

Participants' heart rate and skin resistance responses to emotional memories (fear, anger, joy, sadness, and embarrassment) were studied to determine if the recollection of emotion is sufficient to produce psychophysiological changes, to determine if such changes differ for the various emotions, and to determine the relationship between imaginal abilities and psychophysiological responses to emotional memories. The Absorption Scale of the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire was used as the measure of imaginal ability [1]. A repeated measures analysis of variance indicated significant differences for skin resistance but not heart rate among emotional memories, F(5,75) = 4.22, p = .002. Recollection of emotional memories, therefore, can produce psychophysiological changes in skin resistance which resemble emotions in real-life circumstances. A theoretical framework for interpretation of results on emotional memories is presented.

scholarly journals Soil Test Phosphorus Recovery from Livestock Manures Compared with Inorganic Fertilizer in Soil Incubations

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
J. Craig Miller ◽  
T. Astatkie ◽  
Ali Madani
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Phosphorus Recovery ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Soil Test P ◽  
P Recovery ◽  
Soil Test Phosphorus ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Fertilizer Equivalence

This paper compared dairy and hen manure P recovery relative to fertilizer P recovery for two Nova Scotia soils with different antecedent soil test P (STP), incubated for 5, 15, 30, 60, and 110 days. Fertilizer equivalence of manure P was expressed as P recovery ratio in percentage points (%PRR). Repeated measures analysis with soil pH covariate revealed: (1) manure %PRR averaged 72% (low-STP soil) and 80% (medium-STP soil), (2) there were no significant differences in %PRR between dairy and hen manure, and (3) manure %PRR decreased with incubation time for the low-STP soil but not for the medium-STP soil. The soil pH covariate was significant for both low- and medium-STP soils, and the relationship with %PRR was positive for low- but not for the medium-STP soil.

Blood pressure, hemodynamic, and thermal responses after cycling exercise

1993 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 240-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Brown ◽  
H. Li ◽  
L. F. Chitwood ◽  
E. R. Anderson ◽  
D. Boatwright
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Venous Return ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
O2 Uptake ◽  
Cycling Exercise ◽  
Vasodilatory Response ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Blood Pressures ◽  
The Relationship

Seated recovery [at 5, 15, 20, 40, and 60 min (R5,15,20,40,60)] body temperature (T) and blood pressure were examined after 45 min of cycling exercise (54 +/- 5% maximal O2 uptake) in 12 normotensive males to study the relationship between postexercise thermal and hemodynamic responses. Data were analyzed with a repeated-measures analysis of variance. Systolic (SBP, R15,20,40; P < 0.01) and mean arterial (MAP, R15,20; P < 0.05) blood pressures were significantly lower, but diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was unchanged. Heart rate (R5,15,20, P < 0.001) was above that measured at rest. Decreases in mean skin T (Tsk, R15,20,60; P < 0.01) and increases in core T (Tc, R5,15,20; P < 0.01) were found. Significant negative correlations averaging -0.68 (R15,20,40) and -0.69 (R15,20,40) were demonstrated for Tsk and SBP and MAP, respectively. Increases in thigh Tsk (R5,15,20; P < 0.00001) and decreases in calf (R15,20,40,60; P < 0.00001) and chest (Tchest, R5,15,20,40; P < 0.00001) Tsk were found. Significant negative correlations averaging -0.67 (R5,15,20,40) and -0.71 (R20,40,60) were demonstrated for Tchest and SBP and MAP, respectively. Inverse relationships between various regional Ts and blood pressure and the increased R Tc suggest a vasodilatory response in the visceral organs and/or lower limbs leading to a pooling of blood and transient decreases in blood pressure by a reduced venous return, although not affecting stroke volume and cardiac output.

Impact of a Long Run on Injury-Related Biomechanics with Relation to Weekly Mileage in Trained Male Runners

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 216-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max R. Paquette ◽  
Daniel A. Melcher
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Neuromuscular Control ◽  
Ankle Eversion ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Small Effect Size ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Biomechanical Responses ◽  
The Relationship

The purposes of this study were to compare selected biomechanical variables before and after a long run, and to assess the relationship between weekly running volume and changes in lower limb biomechanics after the run. Twelve trained habitual rearfoot strike male runners ran overground before and after a treadmill long run while kinematic and kinetic data were recorded. Repeated measures analysis of variance and Cohen’s d effect sizes were used to compare kinematic and kinetic variables before and after the run. Loading rate was 6% higher after the run (p < .05) but this difference had a small effect size (d = .32). Moderate effects were found for a 25% increase in peak ankle eversion (d = 0.62) and a 10% increase in hip adduction (d = 0.60) after the run. These findings suggest that the completion of a submaximal long run does not yield potentially injurious lower limb biomechanics in uninjured rearfoot strike runners. Weekly running mileage was not correlated to biomechanical changes observed before and after the long run. Since biomechanical responses to the long run varied among runners, differences in other factors such as specific training regimens and neuromuscular control should be considered in future studies.

scholarly journals Rate of Social Isolation by Geographic Location Among Older Adults: AAA LongROAD Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Lynch ◽  
Thelma J. Mielenz ◽  
Guohua Li ◽  
David W. Eby ◽  
Lisa J. Molnar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Estimating Equation ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Multivariable Regression ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: Social isolation is a modifiable risk factor for negative health outcomes among older adults. This work assessed the relationship between geography (i.e., urban vs. non-urban residence) and social isolation in a cohort of older drivers.Methods: The AAA LongROAD cohort with 2,989 older adult drivers from across the country were included. Social isolation was measured at baseline and at two subsequent annual follow-ups using PROMIS v2.0 Social Isolation 4a. The effect of geographic location with social isolation was assessed through with multivariable regression using a generalized estimating equation model.Results: The rate of social isolation in urban areas was 21% lower (adjusted RR 0.79, 95% CI 0.46, 1.36) compared to non-urban areas after adjusting for covariates, though not significant.Discussion: Social isolation is a predictor of poor health outcomes and geographic considerations have been lacking in the literature. The panel data in this analysis provides more evidence for causality though the under-representation of non-urban areas potentially reduces the power for the results.Conclusions: It is important to understand the needs and risk of social isolation in various geographic settings to ensure resources and interventions are appropriately modified for a greater public health impact.

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