scholarly journals Depression in Patients with Tinnitus: A Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 161 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
James W. Salazar ◽  
Karl Meisel ◽  
Eric R. Smith ◽  
Aaron Quiggle ◽  
David B. McCoy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Substantial Proportion ◽  
Assessment Scale ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Threats To Validity ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression

ObjectiveTinnitus is a condition that causes distress and impairment across cognitive, functional, and psychiatric spectra. In the psychiatric realm, tinnitus has long been associated with depression. To better characterize the co-occurrence of depression and tinnitus, we performed a systematic review of the prevalence of depression among patients with tinnitus.Data SourcesWe comprehensively examined original studies reporting the prevalence of depression in adult populations with tinnitus, as indexed in the PubMed and Web of Science databases and published from January 2006 to August 2016.Review MethodsAll identified articles were reviewed independently by 2 researchers, with a third reviewer for adjudication. Included studies were evaluated for threats to validity across 3 domains—representativeness, response rate, and ascertainment of outcome—on a 4-point modified Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale.ResultsTwenty-eight studies were included, representing 15 countries and 9979 patients with tinnitus. Among the included studies, the median prevalence of depression was 33%, with an interquartile range of 19% to 49% and an overall range of 6% to 84%. Studies were high quality overall, with a mean score of 3.3 (SD = 0.76), and 89% utilized a validated tool to ascertain depression.ConclusionsWe conducted one of the largest contemporary comprehensive reviews, which suggests a 33% prevalence of depression among patients with tinnitus. Our review reaffirms that a substantial proportion of patients with tinnitus have depression, and we recommend that all who treat tinnitus should screen and treat their patients for depression, if present.

Association between sense of coherence and dental caries: systematic review and meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 586-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thaís Ariane Perdigão Torres ◽  
Larissa Corradi-Dias ◽  
Patrícia Drummond Oliveira ◽  
Carolina Castro Martins ◽  
Saul Martins Paiva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Sense Of Coherence ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Reference List ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Hand Search ◽  
Quality Study

Abstract Sense of coherence (SOC) is regarded as the individuals' capacity for managing the stressors over their lifespan. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the association between SOC and dental caries. Electronic searchers were conducted in six databases: PubMed, Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, Lilacs and Proquest from their date of inception until November/2017. An update took place in August/2018. A hand search in the reference list of the included articles and gray literature search were also carried out. Retrieved titles/abstracts were screened by two review authors. Data of the included articles were extracted and quality assessment was also conducted. The first search retrieved 346 titles/abstracts. The update retrieved 33 records. Following the removal of 70 duplicates, 309 references were screened and 17 were included. The quality assessment ranged from low quality articles to high quality articles. High quality study showed that adult individuals with lower SOC were more likely to have dental caries. Meta-analysis showed that adolescents with low SOC were 5.41 times more likely to present dental caries than adolescents with high SOC (CI = 2.15–13.59). Mothers with low SOC were 5.55 times more likely to have children/adolescents with dental caries than mothers with high SOC (CI = 2.92–10.57). The subgroup analysis exploring continuous data showed that the SOC of mothers of children/adolescents without dental caries was significantly higher than the SOC of mothers of children/adolescents with dental caries (CI = 0.10–0.51). Higher levels of SOC seem to be associated with lower levels of dental caries.

scholarly journals Prioritising recommendations following analyses of adverse events in healthcare: a systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. e000843
Author(s):  
Kelly Bos ◽  
Maarten J van der Laan ◽  
Dave A Dongelmans
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Data Synthesis ◽  
Study Selection ◽  
Personal Opinion ◽  
User Friendly

PurposeThe purpose of this systematic review was to identify an appropriate method—a user-friendly and validated method—that prioritises recommendations following analyses of adverse events (AEs) based on objective features.Data sourcesThe electronic databases PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase (Ovid), Cochrane Library, PsycINFO (Ovid) and ERIC (Ovid) were searched.Study selectionStudies were considered eligible when reporting on methods to prioritise recommendations.Data extractionTwo teams of reviewers performed the data extraction which was defined prior to this phase.Results of data synthesisEleven methods were identified that are designed to prioritise recommendations. After completing the data extraction, none of the methods met all the predefined criteria. Nine methods were considered user-friendly. One study validated the developed method. Five methods prioritised recommendations based on objective features, not affected by personal opinion or knowledge and expected to be reproducible by different users.ConclusionThere are several methods available to prioritise recommendations following analyses of AEs. All these methods can be used to discuss and select recommendations for implementation. None of the methods is a user-friendly and validated method that prioritises recommendations based on objective features. Although there are possibilities to further improve their features, the ‘Typology of safety functions’ by de Dianous and Fiévez, and the ‘Hierarchy of hazard controls’ by McCaughan have the most potential to select high-quality recommendations as they have only a few clearly defined categories in a well-arranged ordinal sequence.

scholarly journals The Association Between Dental Anxiety And Psychiatric Disorders And Symptoms: A Systematic Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 207-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harri Halonen ◽  
Jenna Nissinen ◽  
Heli Lehtiniemi ◽  
Tuula Salo ◽  
Pirkko Riipinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Dental Anxiety ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Clinical Interviews ◽  
Specific Phobias ◽  
Axis I ◽  
High Level

Background:A growing amount of evidence suggests that dental anxiety is associated with other psychiatric disorders and symptoms. A systematic review was conducted to critically evaluate the studies of comorbidity of dental anxiety with other specific phobias and other Axis I psychiatric disorders.Objective:The aim of the review was to explore how dental anxiety is associated with other psychiatric disorders and to estimate the level of comorbid symptoms in dental anxiety patients.Methods:The review was conducted and reported in accordance with the MOOSE statement. Data sources included PubMed, PsycInfo, Web of Science and Scopus.Results:The search produced 631 hits, of which 16 unique records fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The number of eligible papers was low. Study populations were heterogeneous including 6,486 participants, and a total of 25 tests and in few cases clinical interviews were used in the evaluation processes. The results enhanced the idea about the comorbidity between dental anxiety and other psychiatric disorders. The effect was found strong in several studies.Conclusion:Patients with a high level of dental anxiety are more prone to have a high level of comorbid phobias, depression, mood disorders and other psychiatric disorders and symptoms.

scholarly journals Early Prediction of Sepsis in the ICU using Machine Learning: A Systematic Review.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Moor ◽  
Bastian Rieck ◽  
Max Horn ◽  
Catherine Jutzeler ◽  
Karsten Borgwardt
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Biomarker Discovery ◽  
Learning Algorithms ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Early Prediction

Background: Sepsis is among the leading causes of death in intensive care units (ICU) worldwide and its recognition, particularly in the early stages of the disease, remains a medical challenge. The advent of an affluence of available digital health data has created a setting in which machine learning can be used for digital biomarker discovery, with the ultimate goal to advance the early recognition of sepsis. Objective: To systematically review and evaluate studies employing machine learning for the prediction of sepsis in the ICU. Data sources: Using Embase, Google Scholar, PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science, we systematically searched the existing literature for machine learning-driven sepsis onset prediction for patients in the ICU. Study eligibility criteria: All peer-reviewed articles using machine learning for the prediction of sepsis onset in adult ICU patients were included. Studies focusing on patient populations outside the ICU were excluded. Study appraisal and synthesis methods: A systematic review was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines. Moreover, a quality assessment of all eligible studies was performed. Results: Out of 974 identified articles, 22 and 21 met the criteria to be included in the systematic review and quality assessment, respectively. A multitude of machine learning algorithms were applied to refine the early prediction of sepsis. The quality of the studies ranged from "poor" (satisfying less than 40% of the quality criteria) to "very good" (satisfying more than 90% of the quality criteria). The majority of the studies (n= 19, 86.4%) employed an offline training scenario combined with a horizon evaluation, while two studies implemented an online scenario (n= 2,9.1%). The massive inter-study heterogeneity in terms of model development, sepsis definition, prediction time windows, and outcomes precluded a meta-analysis. Last, only 2 studies provided publicly-accessible source code and data sources fostering reproducibility. Limitations: Articles were only eligible for inclusion when employing machine learning algorithms for the prediction of sepsis onset in the ICU. This restriction led to the exclusion of studies focusing on the prediction of septic shock, sepsis-related mortality, and patient populations outside the ICU. Conclusions and key findings: A growing number of studies employs machine learning to31optimise the early prediction of sepsis through digital biomarker discovery. This review, however, highlights several shortcomings of the current approaches, including low comparability and reproducibility. Finally, we gather recommendations how these challenges can be addressed before deploying these models in prospective analyses. Systematic review registration number: CRD42020200133

scholarly journals P140: Risk factors for adverse outcomes in hyperglycemic patients presenting to the emergency department: a systematic review

CJEM ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (S1) ◽  
pp. S106-S107
Author(s):  
L. Siddiqi ◽  
K. Van Aarsen ◽  
A. Iansavitchene ◽  
J. W. Yan
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Assessment Scale ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
The Past

Introduction: Hyperglycemia is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, often resulting in adverse outcomes such as recurrent ED visits, hospitalization or death. The objective of this study was to perform a systematic review to identify predictors of these adverse outcomes among patients who present to the ED with hyperglycemia. Methods: Electronic searches of Medline and EMBASE were conducted for studies published in English between the years 1946 and June 2017. Studies with patients presenting to the ED with hyperglycemia were eligible for inclusion. Both adult and pediatric populations were included, as were diabetic and non-diabetic patients. Two reviewers independently screened all titles and abstracts for relevance to the research question. If consensus could not be reached, full-length manuscripts were reviewed. For any discrepancy, a third reviewer was consulted, and disagreement was resolved through discussion. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. Study- and patient-specific data were then extracted and presented descriptively in the systematic review. Results: Thirteen observational studies were included, with a combined total of 664,829 patients. The studies scored between 5 to 8 on the Quality Assessment Scale out of a possible total of 8. Predictors of adverse outcomes included patients in both older and younger (< 25) age groups, history of diabetes, multiple comorbidities, patients requiring insulin, sepsis and hyperlactatemia, access to a family physician, a sentinel hyperglycemia visit in the past month, and triage glucose level > 20 mmol/L. Protective factors included no admissions in the past year, care from a diabetes team while in hospital, systolic blood pressure between 90-150 mmHg and heart rate > 110 bpm. Conclusion: This systematic review found eight predictors and four protective factors for adverse outcomes in patients presenting to the ED with hyperglycemia. These factors should be considered for easier identification of higher-risk patients for adverse outcomes in order to guide management and follow-up.

scholarly journals The use and reporting of airline passenger data for infectious disease modelling: a systematic review

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (31) ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaux Marie Isabelle Meslé ◽  
Ian Melvyn Hall ◽  
Robert Matthew Christley ◽  
Steve Leach ◽  
Jonathan Michael Read
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Airline Industry ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Health Policies ◽  
Public Health Policies ◽  
Airline Passenger ◽  
Modelling Studies ◽  
Access Data

Background A variety of airline passenger data sources are used for modelling the international spread of infectious diseases. Questions exist regarding the suitability and validity of these sources. Aim We conducted a systematic review to identify the sources of airline passenger data used for these purposes and to assess validation of the data and reproducibility of the methodology. Methods Articles matching our search criteria and describing a model of the international spread of human infectious disease, parameterised with airline passenger data, were identified. Information regarding type and source of airline passenger data used was collated and the studies’ reproducibility assessed. Results We identified 136 articles. The majority (n = 96) sourced data primarily used by the airline industry. Governmental data sources were used in 30 studies and data published by individual airports in four studies. Validation of passenger data was conducted in only seven studies. No study was found to be fully reproducible, although eight were partially reproducible. Limitations By limiting the articles to international spread, articles focussed on within-country transmission even if they used relevant data sources were excluded. Authors were not contacted to clarify their methods. Searches were limited to articles in PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus. Conclusion We recommend greater efforts to assess validity and biases of airline passenger data used for modelling studies, particularly when model outputs are to inform national and international public health policies. We also recommend improving reporting standards and more detailed studies on biases in commercial and open-access data to assess their reproducibility.

scholarly journals A systematic review of the overlap of fluid biomarkers in delirium and advanced cancer-related syndromes.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid Amgarth-Duff ◽  
Annmarie Hosie ◽  
Gideon Caplan ◽  
Meera Agar
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Advanced Cancer ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Delirium Tremens ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Cancer Prognosis ◽  
Neurocognitive Disorder ◽  
Cancer Syndromes

Abstract Background Delirium is a serious and distressing neurocognitive disorder of physiological aetiology that is common in advanced cancer. Understanding of delirium pathophysiology is largely hypothetical, with some evidence for involvement of inflammatory systems, neurotransmitter alterations and glucose metabolism. To date, there has been limited empirical consideration of the distinction between delirium pathophysiology and that of the underlying disease, for example, cancer where these mechanisms are also common in advanced cancer syndromes such as pain and fatigue. This systematic review explores biomarker overlap in delirium, specific advanced cancer-related syndromes and prediction of cancer prognosis. Methods A systematic literature search was conducted, using MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, CENTRAL and Web of Science, to identify body fluid biomarkers in delirium, cancer prognosis and advanced cancer-related syndromes of interest. Studies were excluded if they reported delirium tremens only; did not measure delirium using a validated tool; the sample had less than 75% of participants with advanced cancer; measured tissue, genetic or animal biomarkers, or were conducted post-mortem. Articles were screened for inclusion independently by two authors, and data extraction and an in-depth quality assessment conducted by one author, and checked by two others. Results The 151 included studies were conducted in diverse settings in 32 countries between 1985 and 2017, involving 28130 participants with a mean age of 69.3 years. Seventy-one studies investigated delirium biomarkers, and 80 studies investigated biomarkers of an advanced cancer-related syndrome or cancer prognosis. Overall, 41 biomarkers were studied in relation to both delirium and either an advanced cancer-related syndrome or prognosis; and of these, 24 biomarkers were positively associated with either delirium or advanced cancer syndromes/prognosis in at least one study. The quality assessment showed large inconsistency in reporting. Conclusion There is considerable overlap in the biomarkers in delirium and advanced cancer-related syndromes. Improving the design of delirium biomarker studies and considering appropriate comparator/controls will help to better understanding the discrete pathophysiology of delirium in the context of co-existing illness.

scholarly journals Failure of a numerical quality assessment scale to identify potential risk of bias in a systematic review: a comparison study

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seán R O’Connor ◽  
Mark A Tully ◽  
Brigid Ryan ◽  
Judy M Bradley ◽  
George D Baxter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Assessment Scale ◽  
Comparison Study

scholarly journals Vaccine preferences driving vaccine-decision making of different target groups: a systematic review of choice-based experiments

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilyn Emma Diks ◽  
Mickael Hiligsmann ◽  
Ingeborg Maria van der Putten
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Choice Experiments ◽  
Vaccine Effectiveness ◽  
Discrete Choice Experiments ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Target Groups ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Level Of Evidence

Abstract Background Choice-based experiments have been increasingly used to elicit preferences for vaccines and vaccination programs. This study aims to systematically identify and examine choice-based experiments assessing (differences in) vaccine preferences of vaccinees, representatives and health advisors. Methods Five electronic databases were searched on choice-based conjoint analysis studies or discrete choice experiments capturing vaccine preferences of children, adolescents, parents, adults and healthcare professionals for attributes of vaccines or vaccine settings up to September 2020. Data was extracted using a standardized form covering all important aspects of choice experiments. A quality assessment was used to assess the validity of studies. Attributes were categorized into outcome, process, cost and other. The importance of attributes was assessed by the frequency of reporting and statistical significance. Results were compared between high-quality studies and lower-quality studies. Results A total of 42 studies were included, with the majority conducted in high-income countries after 2010 (resp. n = 34 and n = 37). Preferences of representatives were studied in nearly half of the studies (47.6%), followed by vaccinees (35.7%) and health advisors (9.5%). Sixteen high-quality studies passed the quality assessment. Outcome- and cost- related attributes such as vaccine effectiveness, vaccine risk, cost and protection duration were most often statistically significant across both target groups, with vaccine effectiveness being the most important. Risks associated with vaccination, such as side effects, were more often statistically significant in studies targeting vaccinees, while cost-related attributes were more often statistically significant in studies of representatives. Process-related attributes such as vaccine accessibility and time were least important across both target groups. Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first systematic review in which vaccine preferences of different target groups were assessed and compared. The same attributes were most important for vaccine decisions of vaccinees and representatives, with only minor differences in level of evidence for vaccine risk and cost. Future research on vaccine preferences of health advisors and/or among target groups in low-resource settings would give insight into the generalizability of current findings.

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