Questionable Progress in the Application of the Three Rs to Improve Science, Human Well-being and Animal Welfare

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-57
Author(s):  
Michael Balls ◽  
Robert D. Combes
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Animal Experimentation ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Home Office ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Three Rs ◽  
Very High

While the standard of animal experimentation in the UK is generally very high, the aim of the Home Office appears to be to maintain the status quo, rather than to achieve significant Replacement and Reduction, and ensure Refinement

scholarly journals Building back fairer in Greater Manchester and the country

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Marmot
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Health Improvement ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Social Environmental ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Inequalities In Mortality ◽  
Health And Well Being

A summary of our analyses in Greater Manchester (GM), and the northwest (NW) region, might be: the NW is like England as a whole only more so. The life expectancy drop in England in 2020 was 1.2 years in men and 0.9 years in women—shocking, but not as high as in the NW. COVID-19 mortality rates were high in England; 25% higher in the NW. Inequalities in mortality are high in England; bigger in the NW. The title, Build Back Fairer , is a deliberate echo of the Build Back Better mantra, showing that the levels of social, environmental and economic inequality in society are damaging health and well-being. As the UK emerges from the pandemic, it would be a tragic mistake to re-establish the status quo that existed pre-pandemic—a status quo marked in England, over the decade from 2010, by a stagnation of health improvement that was more marked than in any rich country other than Iceland and the USA; by widening health inequalities; and by a fall in life expectancy in the most deprived 10% of areas outside London. That stagnation, those social and regional inequalities, and deterioration in health for the most deprived people are markers of a society that is not meeting the needs of its members.

Debates over Irish unification will gain traction

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Political Agenda ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Northern Irish ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Status ◽  
Scottish Independence ◽  
The Uk

Significance The differing perspectives of unionists and nationalists on the creation of Northern Ireland as a political entity within the United Kingdom, together with Brexit and tensions over the Northern Ireland Protocol (NIP), have brought the contentious issue of Irish reunification onto the political agenda in Northern Ireland and the Irish Republic. Impacts Scottish independence would likely increase momentum for a referendum on Irish unity. Successful implementation of the NIP, giving firms access to EU and UK markets, may support arguments for maintaining the status quo. If the UK government abandons the NIP, the adverse trade impact on Northern Irish firms could increase support for unification.

Bioethics, Adaptive Preferences, and Judging the Quality of a Life with Disability

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-220
Author(s):  
Joseph A. Stramondo ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Health Policy ◽  
Clinical Ethics ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
The Self ◽  
Disabled People ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Adaptive Preferences ◽  
The Status

Both mainstream and disability bioethics sometimes contend that the self-assessment of disabled people about their own well-being is distorted by adaptive preferences that are only held because other, better options are unavailable. I will argue that both of the most common ways of understanding adaptive preferences—the autonomy-based account and the well-being account—would reject blanket claims that disabled people’s QOL self-assessment has been distorted, whether those claims come from mainstream bioethicists or from disability bioethicists. However, rejecting these generalizations for a more nuanced view still has dramatic implications for the status quo in both health policy and clinical ethics.

scholarly journals Whither development studies? Reflections on its relationship with social policy

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Copestake
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Social Policy ◽  
International Development ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Development Studies ◽  
Academic Fields ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Status ◽  
Evolving System ◽  
The Uk

This paper contributes to an ongoing conversation between development studies (DS) and social policy (SP) as academic fields, particularly in the UK. Using Andrew Abbott's analysis of the social sciences as an evolving system of knowledge lineages (KLs), it reflects on the status of DS and its relationship with SP. Defining DS as a distinctive KL centred on critical analysis of ideas and projects for advancing human well-being, I suggest that it has lost coherence even as research into international development thrives. Indeed it is easy to envisage its gradual assimilation into other KLs, including SP. The two increasingly overlap in their analysis of the causes of relative poverty and injustice, and what can be done to address them, within countries and globally. Strengthening links between the two fields can be justified as a political project, even at the risk of some loss of plurality and plenitude across the social sciences.

Marxism, Morality and Ideology the Marxist Moral Paradox and the Struggle for Social Justice

1999 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-239
Author(s):  
Mokgethi B.G. Mothlabi
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Moral Issue ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Social Critique ◽  
The People ◽  
Property Owners ◽  
Working People ◽  
The Status ◽  
The One

AbstractThere is a certain paradox inherent in Marx's criticism of morality. On the one hand, he rejects morality as a form of bourgeois ideology which serves mainly to justify the status quo. The status quo in question is one which is mainly detrimental to ordinary working people, while favouring property owners as well as owners of the means of production. In this sense Marx's condemnation of morality resembles his condemnation of religion, which he saw as the opium of the people. On the other hand, Marx employs morally significant language to challenge what he regards as the evils of capitalism and their destructive effects on the working class. It becomes clear from all this that capitalism cannot be seen as purely an economic matter. Insofar as it affects the lives and well-being of people, it is also a moral issue and deserves to be judged accordingly. How Marx steers between his seeming rejection of morality and, at the same time, using it to criticise capitalism is the main concern of this article. In the process, Marx's concept of ideology is explained while the focus and motivation of his social critique is also briefly considered.

scholarly journals The Asymmetrical Contributions of Pleasure and Pain to Animal Welfare

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
ADAM J. SHRIVER
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Animal Experimentation ◽  
General Finding ◽  
Single Scale ◽  
Nonhuman Animals ◽  
Different Types

Abstract:Recent results from the neurosciences demonstrate that pleasure and pain are not two symmetrical poles of a single scale of experience but in fact two different types of experiences altogether, with dramatically different contributions to well-being. These differences between pleasure and pain and the general finding that “the bad is stronger than the good” have important implications for our treatment of nonhuman animals. In particular, whereas animal experimentation that causes suffering might be justified if it leads to the prevention of more suffering, it can never by justified merely by leading to increased levels of happiness.

scholarly journals DOUBLE INVOICING IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE: THE FRAUD AND NULLITY EXCEPTIONS IN LETTERS OF CREDIT – ARE THE AMERICA ACCORD AND THE UCP 500 CROOKS’ CHARTERS!?

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-156
Author(s):  
Ademuni Odeke
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
White Collar ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Bank Of Canada ◽  
The Status ◽  
Letters Of Credit ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Exchange Control ◽  
The Imf

This article: First, (a) re-examines the fraud exception rule in letters of credit transactions with specific reference to the United City Merchants v Royal Bank of Canada (the American Accord) and against the background of a recent commonwealth decision accepting nullity as a new exception; (b) evaluates its impact on over/under invoicing under the WTO Agreement on Pre-shipment Inspection of Goods in International Trade (PSI); and (c) assesses its implication on the IMF Agreement on Exchange Control implemented in the UK by the IMF Agreement Regulations 1946 made under the IMF Agreement Acts 1945 as amended. Secondly, it argues that the current UCP 500 is outmoded and inadequate to meet current needs and is therefore in need of urgent revision. Thirdly, it recommends, inter alia, that in accordance with the said commonwealth decision, fraud by third parties should be recognised by English law as an independent and separate nullity exception. Fourth, and finally, it concludes that the status-quo acts as an unwitting Crooks’ Charter for money launderers, documentary fraudsters and other white collar crimes.

scholarly journals Radical women in social work: A historical prespective from North America

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 45-56
Author(s):  
Therese Jennissen ◽  
Colleen Lundy
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Past Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Face ◽  
Politically Active ◽  
Very High

INTRODUCTION: Many challenges that confront social workers today are similar to problems they have faced over the past century – inequality, poverty, unemployment, militarisation and armed conflict, and the challenges of refugee resettlement, to name a few. It is instructive for contemporary social workers to revisit this history and to determine if there are lessons to inform our current struggles.METHOD: This paper explores the issues faced and strategies employed by radical, politically active social workers, most of them women. These social workers had visions of social justice and were not afraid to challenge the status quo, often at very high personal costs. The radical social workers were expressly interested in social change that centred on social justice, women’s rights, anti-racism, international peace, and they worked in close alliance and solidarity with other progressive groups.CONCLUSIONS: This article highlights the work of five radical female social workers. Radical social workers were in the minority but they were extraordinarily active and made important contributions in the face of formidable challenges.

Mindful Masculinity: Positive Psychology, McMindfulness and Gender

2019 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-150
Author(s):  
Dave Smallen
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Positive Psychology ◽  
Hegemonic Masculinity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Theoretical Argument ◽  
The Status ◽  
Mindfulness Practices ◽  
Management Techniques ◽  
And Gender

In recent years, positive psychology and mindfulness practices have increasingly been integrated in neo-liberal organisations to promote individuals’ well-being. Critics have argued that these practices actually function as management techniques, encouraging individuals’ self-governance and acceptance of the status quo despite adverse contexts. This article extends this argument by unpacking ways in which such ‘well-being’ programmes are also gendered, having been formulated around neo-liberal hegemonic masculine values of rationality, individualism and competition, and further masculinised through integration into gendered organisations. The argument is presented that this process produces a neo-liberal version of hegemonic masculinity that the author calls ‘mindful masculinity’. This theoretical argument is illustrated through examples of specific ways in which ‘well-being’ practices have been reworked in strongly masculine settings to promote neo-liberal hegemonic masculine goals under a symbolic veneer of spirituality and mental health.

Comments on the Sixth Report of the Animal Welfare Advisory Committee

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-212
Author(s):  
Sylvia Vaughan
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Advisory Committee ◽  
Evaluation Research ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Research Programmes ◽  
Defence Research ◽  
Animal Use ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
The Three Rs

The Animal Welfare Advisory Committee (AWAC) was established in July 1996, to consider the care, welfare and use of animals involved in procedures for defence research purposes at Defence and Evaluation Research Agency (DERA) establishments in the UK. Two of the objectives of AWAC are to examine the broad trends in animal use at DERA establishments, and to implement and audit the application of the Three Rs principle. AWAC's sixth report addressed the period from 31 October 2000 to 28 February 2002. The statistics of animal use within the report are briefly examined, and some of the actions undertaken by defence research establishments to facilitate the application of the Three Rs are highlighted. It is recommended that, if possible (subject to security constraints), figures detailing the severity of the procedures undertaken should be included in future issues of the report, in order to provide a more-detailed account. It is concluded that Defence Science and Technology Laboratory establishments have made a contribution to the Three Rs, and that other establishments may be able to incorporate some of their actions into their own research programmes. There was an overall 36% increase in the number of procedures carried out by defence research establishments between 1995 and 2000, from 8,900 to 12,065. This probably reflects alterations in the research programme, which is, in turn, decided primarily by the Ministry of Defence's customers and the progress made with previous research programmes. It is therefore recommended that the UK Government allocates significantly more financial resources for the development and validation of alternatives, in order to maximise the potential for achieving the Three Rs in defence research, and to complement the existing initiatives within the defence research industry.

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