The Use of the Chorioallantoic Membrane (CAM) of the Embryonic Chick for the Direct Assessment of Implant Toxicity

1985 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 261-266
Author(s):  
P.P. Monro ◽  
D.P. Knight ◽  
W.S. Pringle ◽  
D.M. Fyfe ◽  
J.R. Shearer
Keyword(s):  
Chorioallantoic Membrane ◽  
In Vitro Techniques ◽  
Implant Materials ◽  
Metal Foils ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Cobalt Nickel ◽  
Histological Criteria ◽  
Fluid Environment

The toxicity of implant materials requires investigation prior to clinical use. We have developed a method where materials are directly applied to the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of 9-day-old chick embryos and toxicity is assessed using histological criteria. We evaluated the method using metal foils. The number and organisation of fibroblasts seemed to be the most useful criteria for assessing metal toxicity. Differences were greatest after 10 days of culture on the CAM. The method is sensitive enough to enable us to discriminate between the less toxic aluminium and titanium and the highly toxic cobalt, nickel and tungsten. The proposed method has advantages over in vitro techniques which provide an abnormal fluid environment and in which the more complex interactions that are possible between implant materials and tissue in vivo cannot be modelled.

scholarly journals Adipose and Muscle Cell Co-Culture System: A Novel In Vitro Tool to Mimic the In Vivo Cellular Environment

Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Palaniselvam Kuppusamy ◽  
Dahye Kim ◽  
Ilavenil Soundharrajan ◽  
Inho Hwang ◽  
Ki Choon Choi
Keyword(s):  
Drug Development ◽  
Culture System ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Culture Cell ◽  
In Vitro Techniques ◽  
Culture Systems ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Cellular Environment

A co-culture system allows researchers to investigate the complex interactions between two cell types under various environments, such as those that promote differentiation and growth as well as those that mimic healthy and diseased states, in vitro. In this paper, we review the most common co-culture systems for myocytes and adipocytes. The in vitro techniques mimic the in vivo environment and are used to investigate the causal relationships between different cell lines. Here, we briefly discuss mono-culture and co-culture cell systems and their applicability to the study of communication between two or more cell types, including adipocytes and myocytes. Also, we provide details about the different types of co-culture systems and their applicability to the study of metabolic disease, drug development, and the role of secretory factors in cell signaling cascades. Therefore, this review provides details about the co-culture systems used to study the complex interactions between adipose and muscle cells in various environments, such as those that promote cell differentiation and growth and those used for drug development.

Morphometrical estimation of fetal heart growth at different gestational ages by In vivo and In vitro techniques

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 491-494
Author(s):  
Dr. Haritha Kumari Nimmagadda ◽  
◽  
Pooja Pant Pooja Pant ◽  
Rajeev Mukhia ◽  
Dr. Aruna Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Heart ◽  
In Vitro Techniques

Hemostatic wound dressings: Predicting their effects by in vitro tests

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (9) ◽  
pp. 1285-1297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelia Wiegand ◽  
Martin Abel ◽  
Uta-Christina Hipler ◽  
Peter Elsner ◽  
Michael Zieger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Clot ◽  
Wound Dressings ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Regenerated Cellulose ◽  
Oxidized Regenerated Cellulose ◽  
Inflammatory Reactions ◽  
In Vitro Techniques ◽  
Cotton Gauze

Background Application of controlled in vitro techniques can be used as a screening tool for the development of new hemostatic agents allowing quantitative assessment of overall hemostatic potential. Materials and methods Several tests were selected to evaluate the efficacy of cotton gauze, collagen, and oxidized regenerated cellulose for enhancing blood clotting, coagulation, and platelet activation. Results Visual inspection of dressings after blood contact proved the formation of blood clots. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated the adsorption of blood cells and plasma proteins. Significantly enhanced blood clot formation was observed for collagen together with β-thromboglobulin increase and platelet count reduction. Oxidized regenerated cellulose demonstrated slower clotting rates not yielding any thrombin generation; yet, led to significantly increased thrombin-anti-thrombin-III complex levels compared to the other dressings. As hemostyptica ought to function without triggering any adverse events, induction of hemolysis, instigation of inflammatory reactions, and initiation of the innate complement system were also tested. Here, cotton gauze provoked high PMN elastase and elevated SC5b-9 concentrations. Conclusions A range of tests for desired and undesired effects of materials need to be combined to gain some degree of predictability of the in vivo situation. Collagen-based dressings demonstrated the highest hemostyptic properties with lowest adverse reactions whereas gauze did not induce high coagulation activation but rather activated leukocytes and complement.

scholarly journals The Role of Pre-Clinical 3-Dimensional Models of Osteosarcoma

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (15) ◽  
pp. 5499
Author(s):  
Hannah L. Smith ◽  
Stephen A. Beers ◽  
Juliet C. Gray ◽  
Janos M. Kanczler
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Chorioallantoic Membrane ◽  
3D Models ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
In Vivo Animal Models

Treatment for osteosarcoma (OS) has been largely unchanged for several decades, with typical therapies being a mixture of chemotherapy and surgery. Although therapeutic targets and products against cancer are being continually developed, only a limited number have proved therapeutically active in OS. Thus, the understanding of the OS microenvironment and its interactions are becoming more important in developing new therapies. Three-dimensional (3D) models are important tools in increasing our understanding of complex mechanisms and interactions, such as in OS. In this review, in vivo animal models, in vitro 3D models and in ovo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) models, are evaluated and discussed as to their contribution in understanding the progressive nature of OS, and cancer research. We aim to provide insight and prospective future directions into the potential translation of 3D models in OS.

Current trends in mathematical modeling of tumor–microenvironment interactions: a survey of tools and applications

2010 ◽  
Vol 235 (4) ◽  
pp. 411-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna A Rejniak ◽  
Lisa J McCawley
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Tumor Stroma ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Expanding Population

In its simplest description, a tumor is comprised of an expanding population of transformed cells supported by a surrounding microenvironment termed the tumor stroma. The tumor microcroenvironment has a very complex composition, including multiple types of stromal cells, a dense network of various extracellular matrix (ECM) fibers interpenetrated by the interstitial fluid and gradients of several chemical species that either are dissolved in the fluid or are bound to the ECM structure. In order to study experimentally such complex interactions between multiple players, cancer is dissected and considered at different scales of complexity, such as protein interactions, biochemical pathways, cellular functions or whole organism studies. However, the integration of information acquired from these studies into a common description is as difficult as the disease itself. Computational models of cancer can provide cancer researchers with invaluable tools that are capable of integrating the complexity into organizing principles as well as suggesting testable hypotheses. We will focus in this Minireview on mathematical models in which the whole cell is a main modeling unit. We will present a current stage of such cell-focused mathematical modeling incorporating different stromal components and their interactions with growing tumors, and discuss what modeling approaches can be undertaken to complement the in vivo and in vitro experimentation.

scholarly journals Novel Nargenicin A1 Analog Inhibits Angiogenesis by Downregulating the Endothelial VEGF/VEGFR2 Signaling and Tumoral HIF-1α/VEGF Pathway

Biomedicines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 252
Author(s):  
Jang Mi Han ◽  
Ye Seul Choi ◽  
Dipesh Dhakal ◽  
Jae Kyung Sohng ◽  
Hye Jin Jung
Keyword(s):  
Capillary Tube ◽  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
Hypoxia Inducible Factor ◽  
Chorioallantoic Membrane ◽  
Tube Formation ◽  
Ags Cells ◽  
Vegf Pathway ◽  
Vegfr2 Signaling

Targeting angiogenesis is an attractive strategy for the treatment of angiogenesis-related diseases, including cancer. We previously identified 23-demethyl 8,13-deoxynargenicin (compound 9) as a novel nargenicin A1 analog with potential anticancer activity. In this study, we investigated the antiangiogenic activity and mode of action of compound 9. This compound was found to effectively inhibit in vitro angiogenic characteristics, including the proliferation, invasion, capillary tube formation, and adhesion of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) stimulated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Furthermore, compound 9 suppressed the neovascularization of the chorioallantoic membrane of growing chick embryos in vivo. Notably, the antiangiogenic properties of compound 9 were related to the downregulation of VEGF/VEGFR2-mediated downstream signaling pathways, as well as matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 expression in HUVECs. In addition, compound 9 was found to decrease the in vitro AGS gastric cancer cell-induced angiogenesis of HUVECs by blocking hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and VEGF expression in AGS cells. Collectively, our findings demonstrate for the first time that compound 9 is a promising antiangiogenic agent targeting both VEGF/VEGFR2 signaling in ECs and HIF-1α/VEGF pathway in tumor cells.

Nerve-dependent accumulation of myosin light chain 3 in developing limb musculature

Development ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 673-684
Author(s):  
P.A. Merrifield ◽  
I.R. Konigsberg
Keyword(s):  
Neural Tube ◽  
Light Chain ◽  
Limb Development ◽  
Myosin Light Chain ◽  
Chorioallantoic Membrane ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
Fast Myosin ◽  
Limb Musculature

Myosin alkali light chain accumulation in developing quail limb musculature has been analysed on immunoblots using a monoclonal antibody which recognizes an epitope common to fast myosin light chain 1 (MLC1f) and fast myosin light chain 3 (MLC3f). The limb muscle of early embryos (i.e. up to day 10 in ovo) has a MLC profile similar to that observed in myotubes cultured in vitro; although MLC1f is abundant, MLC3f cannot be detected. MLC3f is first detected in 11-day embryos. To determine whether this alteration in MLC3f accumulation is nerve or hormone dependent, limb buds with and without neural tube were cultured as grafts on the chorioallantoic membrane of chick hosts. Although differentiated muscle develops in both aneural and innervated grafts, innervated grafts contain approximately three times as much myosin as aneural grafts. More significantly, although aneural grafts reproducibly accumulate normal levels of MLC1f, they fail to accumulate detectable levels of MLC3f. In contrast, innervated grafts accumulate both MLC1f and MLC3f, suggesting that the presence of neural tube in the graft promotes the maturation, as well as the growth, of muscle tissue. This is the first positive demonstration that innervation is necessary for the accumulation of MLC3f that occurs during normal limb development in vivo.

scholarly journals HIF-1α is a key mediator of the lung inflammatory potential of lithium-ion battery particles

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Violaine Sironval ◽  
Mihaly Palmai-Pallag ◽  
Rita Vanbever ◽  
François Huaux ◽  
Jorge Mejia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Hypoxia Inducible Factor ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Inhalation Toxicity ◽  
Cobalt Nickel ◽  
Occupational Settings

Abstract Background Li-ion batteries (LIB) are increasingly used worldwide. They are made of low solubility micrometric particles, implying a potential for inhalation toxicity in occupational settings and possibly for consumers. LiCoO2 (LCO), one of the most used cathode material, induces inflammatory and fibrotic lung responses in mice. LCO also stabilizes hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) -1α, a factor implicated in inflammation, fibrosis and carcinogenicity. Here, we investigated the role of cobalt, nickel and HIF-1α as determinants of toxicity, and evaluated their predictive value for the lung toxicity of LIB particles in in vitro assays. Results By testing a set of 5 selected LIB particles (LCO, LiNiMnCoO2, LiNiCoAlO2) with different cobalt and nickel contents, we found a positive correlation between their in vivo lung inflammatory activity, and (i) Co and Ni particle content and their bioaccessibility and (ii) the stabilization of HIF-1α in the lung. Inhibition of HIF-1α with chetomin or PX-478 blunted the lung inflammatory response to LCO in mice. In IL-1β deficient mice, HIF-1α was the upstream signal of the inflammatory lung response to LCO. In vitro, the level of HIF-1α stabilization induced by LIB particles in BEAS-2B cells correlated with the intensity of lung inflammation induced by the same particles in vivo. Conclusions We conclude that HIF-1α, stabilized in lung cells by released Co and Ni ions, is a mechanism-based biomarker of lung inflammatory responses induced by LIB particles containing Co/Ni. Documenting the Co/Ni content of LIB particles, their bioaccessibility and their capacity to stabilize HIF-1α in vitro can be used to predict the lung inflammatory potential of LIB particles.

scholarly journals Apigenin Suppresses Angiogenesis by Inhibiting Tube Formation and Inducing Apoptosis

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1601101
Author(s):  
Hyun Ju Kim ◽  
Mok-Ryeon Ahn
Keyword(s):  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
Chorioallantoic Membrane ◽  
Tube Formation ◽  
Anticancer Activities ◽  
Apoptotic Pathway ◽  
Inhibition Of Angiogenesis ◽  
Induced Apoptosis ◽  
Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells

Apigenin has been reported to exert angiogenic and anticancer activities in vitro. The mechanism of inhibition of angiogenesis by apigenin, however, has not been well-established. In this study, we investigated whether apigenin not only inhibited tube formation but also induced apoptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Furthermore, strong antiangiogenic activity of apigenin was observed in the in vivo assay using chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM). We also analyzed changes in survival signals and the apoptotic pathway through Western blotting. The results indicate that apigenin exerts its antiangiogenic effects through induction of endothelial apoptosis.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document