scholarly journals Sartre and Marion on Intentionality and Phenomenality

2021 ◽  
pp. 026327642110243
Author(s):  
King-Ho Leung

This article offers a reading of Jean-Paul Sartre’s phenomenology in light of Jean-Luc Marion’s more recent phenomenology. It may seem odd to compare Sartre to Marion, given that Sartre is well-known for his avowed atheism and his account of intentionality while Marion is primarily known for his work on religious phenomena and counter-intentionality. However, this article shows that there are many ways in which Sartre anticipates Marion’s work on phenomenological reduction and excessive phenomenality. By reading Sartre’s phenomenology in light of Marion’s, and particularly Sartre’s analysis of the viscous slime in Being and Nothingness in relation to Marion’s account of ‘saturated phenomena’, this article presents a fresh interpretation of Sartre as a phenomenologist who has invaluable insights not only on the structures of consciousness and phenomenality, but also for the contemporary theoretical interest in the relationship between human and nonhuman entities.

Hypatia ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 83-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Gothlin

This essay focuses on some important concepts in Beauvoir's philosophy: ambiguity, desire, and appeal (appel). Ambiguity and appeal, concepts originating in Beauvoir's moral philosophy, are in The Second Sex connected to the female body and feminine desire. This indicates the complexity of Beauvoir's image of femininity. This essay also proposes a comparative reading of Beauvoir's and Sartre's concepts of appeal, a reading that indicates differences in their views of the relationship among ethics, desire, and gender.


1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. A. Edwards

The relationship between the cognitive-behavioral and existential-phenomenological traditions in therapy is examined. While Beck cites phenomenological writers such as Heidegger, Husserl, and Binswanger, he does not initiate any dialogue with this tradition in depth. Parallels are drawn between the goals of psychotherapy as outlined by Rogers and goals identified in the contemporary cognitive-behavioral literature, between cognitive therapy’s approach to clients’ underlying assumptions and the phenomenological reduction as described by Husserl, and between a shared acceptance of the therapeutic use of the client-therapist interaction. While, in both approaches, therapists take on an educative role, in each approach a different aspect of the learning process is focused on. Phenomenological therapy’s attitude to reality testing, the dangers of a directive stance by the therapist, the conflict between empathy and rational dialogue, and cognitive therapy’s view of emotion are also discussed. The complementarity between the two approaches is emphasized and a continuing dialogue recommended.


2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Słowikowski

AbstractThis paper is an attempt to read Kierkegaard’s upbuilding discourses centred around the theme “Every Good and Perfect Gift is From Above” in the perspective of hermeneutics of the gift presented by John Paul II in his book Man and Woman He Created Them. The authors analyze two completely different biblical themes-the Pope examines the issue of corporeality of the first people on the basis of Genesis, whereas Kierkegaard studies the creative power of God’s word in human existence, focusing on a passage from the Epistle of James. They show that the relationship between human beings and God, despite its individual character, may come into being only through the involvement of another person. The center of this meeting of two people in God is the already mentioned gift, understood here, in the highest sense, as a gift of love in which both parties are giving and receiving at the same time. The convergence of conclusions of both authors shows the anthropological coherence of the message of the Holy Scripture and gives rise to reflections on the essence of humanity.


Semiotica ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (216) ◽  
pp. 201-224
Author(s):  
Alexander Kozin

AbstractThis paper is located at the juncture of text and image, law and justice, religion and rationality, while its main subject is set to be visual expressions of the law-relevant emotion of shame. Specifically, I suggest that the late Renaissance academic depictions of “Susanna and the Elders,” based on The Holy Bible, “Daniel 13,” namely Rubens (1607), van Dyck (1621–1622), and Rembrandt (1647), disclose the conditions under which the authentic meaning of the text can be understood both beyond the moral denunciation of sinfulness and/or the study of the nude in a particular historical context of Flemish Baroque. In fact I argue that the three artists co-create and elaborate the Biblical text by drawing shame from its narrative structure in order to disclose this emotion in affection-image as being relevant to the legal process and central to the text. Special attention is given to the relationship between text and image. For my theoretic I use Jean-Paul Sartre’s theory of emotion and Gilles Deleuze’s work on visual arts.


2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
BEN ETHERINGTON

This essay argues that Jean-Paul Sartre's notion of “dialectical reason”, as elaborated in his Critique of Dialectical Reason (1960), had a decisive impact on the composition of Frantz Fanon's The Wretched of the Earth (1961). The relationship between the two works has not before received a thorough textual exposition. Such an exposition, it is suggested, also entails revising the view of the nature of Fanon's work that has become entrenched in anglophone scholarship. Instead of a self-grounding theorist who more resembles the postcolonialists who would succeed him, this essay presents a view of Fanon as a situated theorist, drawing on those resources that could best help him to articulate the task at hand. The notion of “dialectical reason” allowed him to break from his previous understanding of decolonization as the attainment of reason through struggle, and see the “praxis” of revolution as, itself, self-realizing reason. To perceive this allows us better to seize on the thinking that guides his discussions of objectification under colonialism, anticolonial violence, and the role of the national bourgeoisie, and, thus, to clear up a number of controversies.


1984 ◽  
Vol 99 (6) ◽  
pp. 2268-2278 ◽  
Author(s):  
A A Dlugosz ◽  
P B Antin ◽  
V T Nachmias ◽  
H Holtzer

The topographical relationship between stress fiber-like structures (SFLS) and nascent myofibrils was examined in cultured chick cardiac myocytes by immunofluorescence microscopy. Antibodies against muscle-specific light meromyosin (anti-LMM) and desmin were used to distinguish cardiac myocytes from fibroblastic cells. By various combinations of staining with rhodamine-labeled phalloidin, anti-LMM, and antibodies against chick brain myosin and smooth muscle alpha-actinin, we observed the following relationships between transitory SFLS and nascent and mature myofibrils: (a) more SFLS were present in immature than mature myocytes; (b) in immature myocytes a single fluorescent fiber would stain as a SFLS distally and as a striated myofibril proximally, towards the center of the cell; (c) in regions of a myocyte not yet penetrated by the elongating myofibrils, SFLS were abundant; and (d) in regions of a myocyte with numerous mature myofibrils, SFLS had totally disappeared. Spontaneously contracting striated myofibrils with definitive Z-band regions were present long before anti-desmin localized in the I-Z-band region and long before morphologically recognizable structures periodically link Z-bands to the sarcolemma. These results suggest a transient one-on-one relationship between individual SFLS and newly emerging individual nascent myofibrils. Based on these and other relevant data, a complex, multistage molecular model is presented for myofibrillar assembly and maturation. Lastly, it is of considerable theoretical interest to note that mature cardiac myocytes, like mature skeletal myotubes, lack readily detectable stress fibers.


2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (RL. 2020. vol.1. no. 2) ◽  
pp. 20-27
Author(s):  
Svetlana Berdaus

The article examines the problem of the relationship between critical and dogmatic types of thinking in the context of the project of scientific philosophy created by Husserl. The point of view is expressed according to which the program of science teaching of Husserl was not completed at the end of the descriptive stage, but, on the contrary, was continued and expanded at the stage of transcendental phenomenology. Based on the material of the first part of the lectures “First Philosophy” belonging to this stage, it is demonstrated how Husserl, with the help of historical-eidetic reduction and the concept of the unity of motivation, outlines the way for the “naïve” philosopher to master the principles of critical thinking. These principles, coupled with phenomenological reduction, form a special disposition of the dogmatic and the critical in the project of phenomenology as a rigorous science, where the dogmatic and the critical merge into the fundamental requirement of the philosopher's self-reflection and responsibility.


Problemos ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 58-65
Author(s):  
Rita Šerpytytė

Straipsnyje svarstomas nihilizmo santykis su prasmės (praradimo) problema. Filosofijoje šis santykis dažnai laikomas savaime-suprantamybe. Toks požiūris yra įsitvirtinęs kaip F. Nietszche’s nihilizmo heidegeriškosios interpretacijos nekritiškas perėmimas. Keliamas klausimas, ką iš tiesų reiškia šis nihilizmo tapatinimas su prasmės praradimu? Apie kokį prasmės deficitą kalbama, kai skelbiamas nihilizmas? Straipsnyje interpretuojami romantizmo epochos autorių – Jeano Paulio ir Heinricho von Kleisto – tekstai, atskleidžiantys nihilizmo skelbimo ir prasmės praradimo santykį. Nietzsche nihilizmo ir prasmės santykį „atranda“ teoriškai reflektuotai, įvertindamas ne tik F. Dostojevskio, bet ir romantikų „pamokas“. Parodoma, jog Nietzsche’i prasmės „krizė“ yra susijusi su „dviejų pasaulių“ (tikrojo ir regimybės) demaskavimu. Nietzsche’s interpretacijoje netikėjimas metafiziniu pasauliu, kuris užkerta kelią tikėjimui „tikruoju“ pasauliu, atitinka prasmės praradimo kaip savidemaskacijos „logiką“, o heidegeriškoji Nietzsche’s interpretacija nihilistinį prasmės praradimą ne tik atskleidžia kaip ontologinį/„loginį“ imanentizmo principą, bet ir įgalina nihilizmą atpažinti kaip autoreferentišką Vakarų mąstymo „logiką“.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: nihilizmas, prasmė, Dievas, logika, imanentizmas, autoreferencija.“Loss” of Sense and “Logic” of NihilismRita Šerpytytė   SummaryThe article deals with the problem of the relation between Nihilism and the Loss of Sense, which is often treated in an obvious coherence. The latter approach struck its roots as a non-critical acceptation of Heidegger’s interpretation of Nietzsche’s Nihilism. The article raises the question what the identification of Nihilism with Loss of Sense really means. Moreover, while proclaiming Nihilism, what is meant by the term of Sense Deficit? The article investigates the texts of authors of Romanticism, such as Jean Paul and Heinrich von Kleist, where a relation between the proclamation of Nihilism and the Loss of Sense is disclosed. Nietzsche discovers the relationship between Nihilism and Sense in a theoretically reflected manner. The article demonstrates that for Nietzsche “the crisis” of Sense is related with the unmasking of “two worlds” (the true world and the world of appearance). Non-believing in metaphysical world which blocks the way to the believing in the true world, corresponds, in Nietzsche’s interpretation, to the “logic” of the Loss of Sense as the “logic” of self-unmasking. The Heideggerian interpretation of Nietzsche’s philosophy not only discloses the nihilistic Loss of Sense as an ontological / logical principle of immanentism, but also enables to recognize Nihilism as a self-referential “logic” of Western thought.Keywords: nihilism, sense, God, logic, immanentism, self-referention.


2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-99
Author(s):  
Federico Zilio

Enactivism maintains that the mind is not produced and localized inside the head but is distributed along and through brain-body-environment interactions. This idea of an intrinsic relationship between the agent and the world derives from the classical phenomenological investigations of the body (Merleau-Ponty in particular). This paper discusses similarities and differences between enactivism and Jean-Paul Sartre’s phenomenology, which is not usually considered as a paradigmatic example of the relationship between phenomenological investigations and enactivism (or 4E theories in general). After a preliminary analysis of the three principal varieties of enactivism (sensorimotor, autopoietic and radical), I will present Sartre’s account of the body, addressing some key points that can be related to the current enactivist positions: perception-action unity, anti-representationalism, anti-internalism, organism-environment interaction, and sense-making cognition. Despite some basic similarities, enactivism and Sartre’s phenomenology move in different directions as to how these concepts are developed. Nevertheless, I will suggest that Sartre’s phenomenology is useful to the enactivist approaches to provide a broader and more complete analysis of consciousness and cognition, by developing a pluralist account of corporeality, enriching the investigation of the organism-environment coupling through an existentialist perspective, and reincluding the concept of subjectivity without the hypostatisation of an I-subject detached from body and world.


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