Domain-specific treatment effects in children with language and/or working memory impairments: A pilot study

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah E Wener ◽  
Lisa MD Archibald
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Memory Impairments ◽  
Domain Specific

Multisensory working memory in adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Katherine Bellesheim
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Sensory Processing ◽  
Memory Deficits ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Future Research ◽  
University Of Missouri ◽  
Memory Impairments ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
The University ◽  
Adolescents With Asd

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI-COLUMBIA AT REQUEST OF AUTHOR.] Working memory impairments are commonly-reported in individuals with ASD, although these reports have been limited to unisensory memory within a single sensory domain. Recent studies have begun to quantify and characterize the development of the domain-general and domain-specific mental faculties that support multisensory working memory. It remains unclear whether ASD-related working memory impairments may be associated with disruptions in domain-general and/or domain-specific resources and whether atypical sensory processing, a prevalent diagnostic criterion of ASD, may impact these cognitive processes. The current study was designed to assess unisensory and multisensory working memory and to elucidate the extent to which domain-general and domain-specific processes may contribute to documented working memory deficits in ASD. A secondary goal was to explore how atypical sensory processing (as reflected by caregiver report) may relate to these findings. A sample of 55 adolescents (32 with ASD and 23 without ASD) ages 11 to 15 were administered working memory tasks consisting of unisensory (visual or auditory) and multisensory (visual and auditory) to-be-remembered stimuli. Results confirmed the presence of unisensory working memory deficits in adolescents with ASD. Regarding multisensory working memory, an atypical pattern of domain-general and domain-specific components was identified in younger adolescents with ASD. Evidence was demonstrated that this difference may normalize later in adolescence. Elevated sensory symptomology (i.e., hyperreactivity and sensation avoidance) was negatively correlated with multisensory, but not unisensory, working memory. Future research should continue to explore the role of modality (unisensory vs multisensory), integration, and sensory functioning in working memory.

scholarly journals Cost-effectiveness of empagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes and established cardiovascular disease in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mafalda Ramos ◽  
Peng Men ◽  
Xu Wang ◽  
Anastasia Ustyugova ◽  
Mark Lamotte
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Incremental Cost ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Treatment Comparison

Abstract Background In several cardiovascular outcome trials (CVOTs), empagliflozin (SGLT-2 inhibitor), sitagliptin (DPP-4 inhibitor) and liraglutide (GLP-1 receptor agonist) + standard of care (SoC) were compared to SoC in patients with type 2 diabetes and established cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study assessed the cost-effectiveness (CE) of empagliflozin + SoC in comparison to sitagliptin + SoC and liraglutide + SoC based on the respective CVOT. Methods The IQVIA Core Diabetes Model (CDM) was calibrated to reproduce the CVOT outcomes. EMPA-REG OUTCOME baseline characteristics and CVOT specific treatment effects on risk factors for cardiovascular disease (HbA1c, BMI, blood pressure, lipids) were applied. Three-year observed cardiovascular events of empagliflozin + SoC versus sitagliptin + SoC and liraglutide + SoC were derived from EMPA-REG OUTCOME and an indirect treatment comparison. Relative risk adjustments to calibrate the CDM were obtained after a trial and error process to match as closely the observed and CDM-predicted outcomes. The drug-specific treatment effects were considered up until HbA1c reached 8.5% and treatment switch occurred. After this switch, the United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study 82 risk equations predicted events based on co-existing risk factors and treatment intensification to basal bolus insulin were applied. The analysis was conducted from the perspective of the Chinese healthcare system applying 3% discounting. The time horizon was lifelong. Results Empagliflozin + SoC provides additional Quality Adjusted Life years (QALY + 0.564) for an incremental cost of 42,497RMB (US$6053) compared to sitagliptin + SoC, resulting in an Incremental Cost Utility Ratio of 75,349RMB (US$10,732), thus below the willingness-to-pay threshold of 212,676RMB, corresponding to three times the Gross Domestic Product in China (2019). Compared to liraglutide + SoC, empagliflozin + SoC use leads to 0.211QALY gained and cost savings of 71,427RMB (US$10,173) and is as such dominant. Scenario and probabilistic sensitivity analyses demonstrated the robustness of the results. Conclusion Results suggest that empagliflozin + SoC is cost-effective compared to sitagliptin + SoC and liraglutide + SoC at a willingness-to-pay threshold of 212,676RMB ($30,292)/QALY.

Impaired Processing of Serial Order Determines Working Memory Impairments in Alzheimer’s Disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 1171-1186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maya De Belder ◽  
Patrick Santens ◽  
Anne Sieben ◽  
Wim Fias
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Serial Order ◽  
Memory Impairments

Combined cognitive and motor training improves the outcome in the early phase after stroke and prevents a decline of executive functions: A pilot study

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Mareike Eschweiler ◽  
Lara Bohr ◽  
Josef Kessler ◽  
Gereon R. Fink ◽  
Elke Kalbe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Cognitive Flexibility ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Motor Training ◽  
Set Shifting ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Motor Functioning

BACKGROUND: The negative impact of cognitive dysfunction on motor rehabilitation as a relearning-process is well known in stroke patients. However, evidence for combined cognitive and motor training (CMT) is lacking. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of combined CMT in early stroke rehabilitation. METHODS: In a controlled pilot study, 29 moderately affected stroke patients with low-level motor performance and cognitive impairment received motor therapy plus either cognitive (experimental group, EG) or low-frequency ergometer training (control group, CG) for eight days. RESULTS: Both groups improved their motor functioning significantly. After training, between-group comparison revealed significant differences for cognitive flexibility and trends for set-shifting, working memory, and reaction control in favor of the EG. Within-group effects showed improvement across all cognitive domains in the EG, which correlated with gains in bed-mobility, while the CG showed no significant improvement in cognition. Rather, a trend towards reaction control decline was observed, which correlated with less functional progression and recovery. Furthermore, a decline in cognitive flexibility, set-shifting, and working memory was descriptively observed. CONCLUSIONS: Combined CMT may enhance cognition and motor relearning early after stroke and is superior to single motor training. Further studies are needed to replicate these results and investigate long-term benefits.

scholarly journals Treatment effects on brain activity during a working memory task in obstructive sleep apnea

2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 404-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARK S. ALOIA ◽  
LAWRENCE H. SWEET ◽  
BETH A. JERSKEY ◽  
MOLLY ZIMMERMAN ◽  
JOHN TODD ARNEDT ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Obstructive Sleep

scholarly journals Auditory working memory impairments in individuals at familial high risk for schizophrenia.

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 288-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry J. Seidman ◽  
Eric C. Meyer ◽  
Anthony J. Giuliano ◽  
Hans C. Breiter ◽  
Jill M. Goldstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Memory Impairments ◽  
Familial High Risk

Memory impairments and its interaction with environmental factors in children aged 6 to 8 years living in gharb plain (N-w of Morocco)

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 264-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.-Z. Azzaoui ◽  
H. Hami ◽  
A.O.T. Ahami
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Rural Children ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
North West ◽  
Memory Impairments ◽  
The North

IntroductionThe “Gharb” plain (area of our study) localized in the North-West of Morocco is one of the most important agricultural and industrial regions of the Kingdom. Unfortunately, it suffered from the increase of different polluting human activities which expose the population, especially children, to serious neurobehavioral problems.Objective and aimsEvaluation of the short term memory and working memory in urban, periurban and rural schooled children (aged 6 to 8 years) living in Gharb plain and studying the relationship between the performance in this test and the quality of environment.MethodsMemory Sub-test of WISC III (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children) and questionnaire about some environmental conditions.ResultsThe obtained results had shown that 3,64% periurban children and 3,03% rural children suffer from short memory impairments and no impairments in urban children were registered. For working memory, 21,05%, 47,06% and 66,67% of impairments were found in urban, periurban and rural children respectively.Moreover, a significant correlations between the performances of short term memory and building materials (p < 0.05), source of pollution near the school (p < 0.05), and consumption of well water (p < 0.001) were registered.ConclusionsThe memory impairments recorded in these children appeared in connection with environmental factors, but a deeper investigation is needed for studying all these factors, in addition to others (psychological, socio-economical, and nutritional) ones.

Working Memory Impairments in Schizophrenia Patients: A Bayesian Bivariate IRT Analysis

2002 ◽  
pp. 193-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Cook ◽  
John Barnard ◽  
Yungtai Lo ◽  
Donald B. Rubin ◽  
Michael J. Coleman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Memory Impairments
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