scholarly journals Creating Romanestan: A Place to be a Gypsy in Post-Nazi Europe

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 272-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Sierra
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Second World War ◽  
The Political ◽  
World War ◽  
Racial Exclusion ◽  
The World ◽  
The Right ◽  
Second World ◽  
Performative Power

This article examines the political formula of Romanestan as conceived by Ionel Rotaru (1918–1982), a Romanian refugee in France after the Second World War. Romanestan is the most visible aspect of an ambitious plan demanding rights for those labelled Gypsies throughout the world. This study is of interest because it sheds new light on the problems of social and political readjustment after the Second World War from the standpoint of racial exclusion. Rotaru’s project was both the response to longstanding historical racist aggression and also a crucial turning point in the formation of Romani ethnic identity. What makes its study interesting is that the formula of the Romanestan wove the right to exist of those regarded as Gypsies into a creative transnational political project. Based on classified documents, this article highlights the political nature of processes of ethnicization and assesses the performative power of symbols.

The Political Economy of the Anglosphere: Geography Trumps History

2019 ◽  
pp. 95-119
Author(s):  
John Ravenhill ◽  
Jefferson Huebner
Keyword(s):  
Economic Integration ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Preferential Trade Agreements ◽  
The Political ◽  
World War ◽  
Total Trade ◽  
Trade Patterns ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Second World

Economic integration among Anglosphere economies peaked during the period from 1870 to 1960. Maintenance of Imperial Preferences and the Sterling Area ensured that Britain remained the dominant market for most colonies and Dominions in the early post-Second World War period. Britain’s entry into the EEC, the ending of Commonwealth preferences, and the rapid growth of Asian economies caused the UK’s share in Anglosphere economies’ exports to decline rapidly. Growth in the US market share offset some of this decline until the financial crisis of 2007–8 reversed this trend. The significance of intra-Anglosphere trade has declined substantially – from approximately two-thirds of countries’ total trade in 1913 and in 1947 to just over one-third in 2016. Contemporary trade patterns are shaped more by geography than history. The world economy remains substantially regionalised, especially for manufacturing. Many preferential trade agreements (PTAs) are regional in scope: Anglosphere economies have been prominent participants in these arrangements but their partners are typically neighbouring countries rather than other Anglosphere economies. The EU has been the most active negotiator of PTAs: the challenge for a post-Brexit UK will be to negotiate access to markets equivalent to that currently enjoyed through membership of EU PTAs.

Negative Impact of Ideology in Albanian Literature

2019 ◽  
pp. 124-142
Author(s):  
Marisa Kerbizi ◽  
Edlira Tonuzi Macaj
Keyword(s):  
Political Ideology ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Second World War ◽  
The Political ◽  
World War ◽  
Practical Tool ◽  
Theoretical Frame ◽  
Interpretative Approach ◽  
The Right ◽  
Second World

Ideology as a form of ideas and as a practical tool with determinative purposes in certain circumstances may become very influential and risky, too. Albanian literature, as one of the East Bloc countries where communism was installed as a political system after the Second World War, severely suffered the ideology consequences in art. The purpose of this research is to focus on some problems related to the limitations, restrictions, deviation, regression created by ideology in literature. Concrete case studies will complete the theoretical frame through the analytical, historical, aesthetical, and interpretative approach. The hypothesis sustains the idea that the political ideology of the Albanian dictatorial system has found many ways to damage the most representative authors and their artistic works of Albanian literature. The ideology claimed “the compulsory educational system” by interfering in the school textbooks, by excluding several authors from those textbooks, by denying their inclusion or the right for publication, or even by eliminating them physically.

Justice, television and delegitimation: on the cultural codification of the Italian political crisis

Modern Italy ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 3 (01) ◽  
pp. 108-115
Author(s):  
Roberta Sassatelli
Keyword(s):  
Turning Point ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
The Political ◽  
World War ◽  
Political Class ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Italian Politics ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Second World

Pier Paolo Giglioli, Sandra Cavicchioli and Giolo Fele,Rituali di degradazione. Anatomia del processo Cusani, Il Mulino, Bologna, 1997, 243 pp., ISBN 88–15–05713–7 pbk, 28,000 Lire.Recent developments in Italian politics, such as the emergence ofForza Italia, became possible only after a much deeper process had taken place, the delegitimation of Italian politicians. In the early 1990s, much of the political class which had dominated Italian politics since the Second World War was publicly exposed and removed from politics. The old parties of government, the Christian Democrats (DC) and the Socialists (PSI), were swept aside. What appeared to be a civilized evolution had its visible peak in the difficult struggle conducted by a few magistrates, the Milan-basedMani pulite(Clean hands) team, against political corruption. The so-calledTangentopoli(Kickback city) investigations have been indicated as the turning point of contemporary Italian politics. They certainly represent the moment when a rhetoric of ‘old’ and ‘new’ was divulged, when the Italian Republic began to be felt as a collapsing venture, giving an opportunity for change and reform which has not yet been grasped.

scholarly journals Lessons of the Great Patriotic War and World War II for Contemporary Russia

2015 ◽  
pp. 84-93
Author(s):  
I. I. Belousov
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World Politics ◽  
Modern World ◽  
World War ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
The World ◽  
Independent States ◽  
The Right ◽  
Second World

After the Second World War 70 years have passed. Essentially already gone a generation of people for whom it was not a story, and the nationwide disaster and personal experience. And let time more and more we move away from the victory of 1945, the value and results of the war are enormous for the future of the modern world. Memory of the Great Victory presents to all of us now living, special requirements, the main of which consists in the fact that based on the analysis draw the necessary lessons from the past, draw the right conclusions for the safety of modern Russia. Over the years, the world has changed considerably. On the stage of world politics, a host of new independent states. There are new centers of economic development, and hence the new poles of power. Meanwhile, the events of recent months show that the main results of the Victory have not lost their importance today. This is best spoken of their incessant attempts to challenge by distorting the main points of the war and its lessons. And, obviously, it is no accident the day before and during the celebration of 70th anniversary of Victory wishing her to steal the peoples of Russia have been particularly active, as they claim - stiff and awkward. For domestic historiography it is not something unexpected. On the socio-political, military and economic results of the Second World War written many works, but probably in the light of the development of military-political processes in the world of individual instructive lesson it is important not to forget.

At the end of the road

1988 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-50
Author(s):  
Jaff Schatz
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Present State ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The World ◽  
Identity Changes ◽  
Second World

The aim of this article is to analyze the history and identity changes of a particular ethnopolitical generation – the former Jewish communists of Poland. The members of the group began their lives in Poland between the World Wars, they survived the Second World War as refugees in the Soviet Union&&after the war they rebuilt their lives in Poland&&during the years 1969–1972 they started a new life in Sweden. The analysis will be guided by the following questions: What are the repercussions of the group’s social and political experiences on its ethnic identity? What is the nature of changes that have taken place in its ethnic identity? What is the present state of the ethnic identity of the group? Which factors have influenced and shaped it?

A Land Fit for Tories to Live In: The Political Ecology of the British Conservative Party, 1944–94

1995 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Turner
Keyword(s):  
Political Ecology ◽  
Social Engineering ◽  
Conservative Party ◽  
Second World War ◽  
The Political ◽  
British Politics ◽  
World War ◽  
Mass Politics ◽  
The Right ◽  
Second World

Although the industrialised West has seen since the 1970s a very marked leaning to the right both in government and in popular politics, the experience of the British Conservative Party has been unique. The party can trace a continuous existence to the reconstruction of the King's government by William Pitt the Younger in 1784, and is probably the oldest political organisation in the world: far older, indeed, than most sovereign states. In two centuries of life it has transformed itself from the party of monarchy, aristocracy and the Established Church into a highly successful practitioner of mass politics. It has been in government, either as the sole party of government or as the dominant partner in coalition, for seventy years in the last hundred, and thirty-two years in the last fifty. This remarkable political achievement can be explained at many levels; the purpose of this article is to explore just one of them. By bringing together the explanatory insights of political scientists working on electoral sociology with the records of the party in government and opposition, it is possible to discern how the Conservatives used the opportunities of government to cultivate the society which tended, and increasingly tends, to give them victory at the ballot box. This cultivation of the political environment was not exactly social engineering – a project which contemporary Conservatives emphatically reject – but in tune with the biological metaphor of the title of this paper it could be called ‘social gardening’. The first part of the article examines very briefly how political scientists have come to understand the functioning of the British electoral process since the Second World War. The second part explores the process of adaptation which has enabled the Conservative Party to dominate British politics since the war.

scholarly journals ASPECTS CONCERNING EXTERNAL PARTNERSHIPS OF ROMANIA AFTER THE SECOND WORLD WAR

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florina Popa
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Economic Cooperation ◽  
Second World War ◽  
The Political ◽  
World War ◽  
The World ◽  
Economic Aid ◽  
Geographical Space ◽  
Second World

<p><strong>Abstract </strong></p><pre><em>After the ending of the Second World War, Romania's cooperation relations with other countries were subordinated to the political and economic situations developed among the world states and to the events that followed the completion of the war, the form and content of these relations being different, corresponding to the context.</em></pre><pre><em>The study presents aspects related to the partnership relations developed through the economic cooperation relations achieved by Romania within the Commission for Reciprocal Economic Aid – COMECON (CAER), on the period of  its operation (1949-1989).</em></pre><pre><em>There are presented participants' cooperation modalities, the partnership being of                    public-public or public-private type.</em></pre><pre><em>The examples shown include elements regarding the participating parties, the objectives to be achieved, the period, participation share, as the case may be.</em></pre><pre><em>Also, some references are made to the enlargement of Romania's economic cooperation relations, internationally, after the 1970 year, expression of the favorable evolution of the geographical space of manifestation of the Romanian foreign trade.</em></pre>

Squatting: The Fight for Decent Shelter, 1970s–1980s

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-50
Author(s):  
John Marsland
Keyword(s):  
Welfare State ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Housing Policies ◽  
The West ◽  
The World ◽  
Housing Needs ◽  
Post War ◽  
Second World

During the twenty years after the Second World War, housing began to be seen as a basic right among many in the west, and the British welfare state included many policies and provisions to provide decent shelter for its citizens. This article focuses on the period circa 1968–85, because this was a time in England when the lack of affordable, secure-tenured housing reached a crisis level at the same time that central and local governmental housing policies received wider scrutiny for their ineffectiveness. My argument is that despite post-war laws and rhetoric, many Britons lived through a housing disaster and for many the most rational way they could solve their housing needs was to exploit loopholes in the law (as well as to break them out right). While the main focus of the article is on young British squatters, there is scope for transnational comparison. Squatters in other parts of the world looked to their example to address the housing needs in their own countries, especially as privatization of public services spread globally in the 1980s and 1990s. Dutch, Spanish, German and American squatters were involved in a symbiotic exchange of ideas and sometimes people with the British squatters and each other, and practices and rhetoric from one place were quickly adopted or rejected based on the success or failure in each place.

Development of Interethnic Relations in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the First Decades after the Second World War

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 87-96
Author(s):  
Elena Yu. Guskova
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Second World War ◽  
The State ◽  
World War ◽  
Interethnic Relations ◽  
The Republic ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
First Time ◽  
Second World

The article is devoted to the analysis of interethnic relations in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) in the 1940s and 1960s. The article is based on materials from the archives of BiH, Croatia, Slovenia, Yugoslavia. The documents show the state of affairs in the Republic – both in the economy and in ideology. In one or another way, all of them reflect the level of tension in the interethnic relations. For the first time, the article presents the discussion on interethnic relations, on the new phenomenon in multinational Yugoslavia – the emergence of a new people in BiH under the name of “Muslim”. The term “Muslims” is used to define the ethnic identity of Bosniaks in the territory of BiH starting from the 1961 census.

scholarly journals Recalling Victory, Recounting Greatness: Second World War Remembrance in Xi Jinping's China

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Vincent K.L. Chang
Keyword(s):  
Turning Point ◽  
School Curriculum ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Xi Jinping ◽  
World War ◽  
National Unity ◽  
War Effort ◽  
Policy Objectives ◽  
Second World ◽  
Critical Turning Point

Abstract The recent surge in public remembrance of the Second World War in China has been substantially undergirded by a centrally planned and systematically implemented discursive shift which has remained overlooked in the literature. This study examines the revised official narrative by drawing on three cases from China's school curriculum, museums and formal diplomacy. It finds that the once dominant trope of “national victimization” no longer represents the main thrust in the Chinese Communist Party's (CCP) rhetoric on the Second World War. Under Xi Jinping, this has been replaced by a self-assertive and aspirational narrative of “national victory” and “national greatness,” designed to enhance Beijing's legitimacy and advance its domestic and foreign policy objectives. By emphasizing national unity and CCP–KMT cooperation, the new narrative offers an inclusive and unifying interpretation of China's war effort in which the victory in 1945 has come to rival the 1949 revolution as the critical turning point towards “national rejuvenation.” The increasingly Sino-centric and centrally controlled narrative holds implicit warnings to those challenging Beijing's claim to greatness.

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