scholarly journals Lessons of the Great Patriotic War and World War II for Contemporary Russia

2015 ◽  
pp. 84-93
Author(s):  
I. I. Belousov
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World Politics ◽  
Modern World ◽  
World War ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
The World ◽  
Independent States ◽  
The Right ◽  
Second World

After the Second World War 70 years have passed. Essentially already gone a generation of people for whom it was not a story, and the nationwide disaster and personal experience. And let time more and more we move away from the victory of 1945, the value and results of the war are enormous for the future of the modern world. Memory of the Great Victory presents to all of us now living, special requirements, the main of which consists in the fact that based on the analysis draw the necessary lessons from the past, draw the right conclusions for the safety of modern Russia. Over the years, the world has changed considerably. On the stage of world politics, a host of new independent states. There are new centers of economic development, and hence the new poles of power. Meanwhile, the events of recent months show that the main results of the Victory have not lost their importance today. This is best spoken of their incessant attempts to challenge by distorting the main points of the war and its lessons. And, obviously, it is no accident the day before and during the celebration of 70th anniversary of Victory wishing her to steal the peoples of Russia have been particularly active, as they claim - stiff and awkward. For domestic historiography it is not something unexpected. On the socio-political, military and economic results of the Second World War written many works, but probably in the light of the development of military-political processes in the world of individual instructive lesson it is important not to forget.

scholarly journals Problems of Foreign Policy Choice of the State Center of the Ukrainian People’s Republic in 1939–1940

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-142
Author(s):  
Vasyl Yablonskyi
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World Politics ◽  
The State ◽  
World War ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Political Forces ◽  
First Time ◽  
Second World

The Second World War was viewed by Ukrainians abroad and in Ukraine as a potential chance to restore Ukraine’s independence. At the beginning of the war, the main political forces of the Ukrainian emigration interfered in a state of mutual confrontation. Each of them tried to attract international contacts for support. The article examines the process of finding foreign policy allies by the State Center of the Ukrainian People’s Republic in exile at the first stage of World War II (1939–1940). The main attention is paid to the political processes in this part of the Ukrainian emigration, the disunity and the presence of three governing centers (in France, Czechoslovakia and Poland) and the foreign policy orientations of the emigration government of the Ukrainian People’s Republic. For the first time, the document”Letters from the leading circles of the UPR” is published, which attempts to justify the need for a foreign policy alliance with Germany and criticizes the “francophilism” of some figures of the State Center of the UPR in Europe and America. The hypothetical circle of emigration politicians who could be the authors of these documents and their addressees is outlined. Attention is drawn to the fact that the conclusion of foreign policy agreements with Germany in the interwar period was a well-established practice for many countries at that time (France, England, the USSR, etc.). The reasons for the disinterest of the main players in world politics at this stage in the restoration of Ukraine’s independence are emphasized. As the government’s emigration status and military actions did not help preserve the archives, documents belonging to this period of Ukrainian history and diplomacy have come down to us in limited numbers. Publication and analysis of documents of the Ukrainian People’s Republic in exile, which relate to the foreign policy concepts of the Ukrainian emigration government, allow to more fully reveal the vision of ways to restore Ukraine’s independence after its territories were part of the USSR, Poland, Romania and Czechoslovakia.

The German and Japanese Empires

2021 ◽  
pp. 1123-1160
Author(s):  
Daniel Hedinger ◽  
Moritz von Brescius
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
World Order ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
World War ◽  
Shared History ◽  
The World ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Second World

This chapter provides an analytical overview of the German and Japanese imperial projects from the mid-nineteenth century to the end of World War II. It shows how Germany and Japan—two imperial latecomers in the late nineteenth century—redefined imperialism and colonialism in the first half of the twentieth century. In order to realize their dreams of a new imperial world order, both countries broke with what had come before, and their violent imperial projects turned out to be radically new and different. While Europe had never seen an empire like Hitler’s, the same is true of East Asia and the so-called Co-Prosperity Sphere during the Second World War. In the end, it was their wars for empire and brutal legacies that not only profoundly shaped their respective national histories, but also undermined the legitimacy of imperialism after 1945. The chapter, which focuses on a series of important moments from a trans-imperial perspective, highlights two points. First, it stresses that the German and Japanese empires had a shared history. Second, it shows that by their emergence as colonial powers, Japan and Germany first fundamentally challenged and later changed the very rules of the “imperial game” and the existing global order. Their histories are central to understand great power competition in the first half of the 20th century as well as the imperial nature of the World Wars.

scholarly journals Challenging the Nurney Procedure by the Roma national community

Bastina ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 363-376
Author(s):  
Bajram Haliti
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Legal Aspect ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Concentration Camps ◽  
New Order ◽  
World War ◽  
National Community ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
The World ◽  
Second World

World War II is considered to be the largest and longest bloody conflict in recent history. It began with the German attack on Poland on September 1, 1939. The war lasted six years and ended with the capitulation of Japan on September 2, 1945. The consequences of the war are still present in many countries today. "German, Italian and Japanese fascists waged a war of conquest with the aim of dividing the world and creating a New Order in which it would have economic, political and military domination, establish a rule of terror and violence and destroy all forms of human freedom, dignity and humanism. Only a few thousand Roma in Germany survived the Holocaust and Nazi concentration camps. Trying to rebuild their lives, after losing so many family members and relatives, and after their property was destroyed or confiscated, they faced enormous difficulties. The health of many was destroyed. Although they have been trying to get compensation for that for years, such requests have been constantly denied Based on established facts, eyewitnesses, witnesses, historical and legal documents, during the Second World War, the crime of genocide against Orthodox Serbs, Jews and Roma of all faiths except Islam was committed. The attempt to exterminate the Roma during the Second World War must not be forgotten. There was no justice for the survivors of the post-Hitler era. It is important to note that the trial in Nuremberg did not mention the genocide of the Roma at all. The Nuremberg trial is basically the punishment of the losers by the winners. This is visible even today because these forces rule the world. Innocent victims, primarily Roma, have not received justice, satisfaction or recognition from the world community. The Roma were further humiliated because they were not given a chance to speak about the few surviving witnesses about the victims and the horrors they survived. The Roma for the Nuremberg International Military Court and the Nuremberg judges simply did not exist, which called into question the legal aspect of the process, which has not been corrected to date. The Roma national community is committed to revising history, to reviewing the work of the Nuremberg tribunal.

Dennis Showalter and the history of armour during Second World War

2022 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-67
Author(s):  
Kaushik Roy
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Present Author ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Good Works ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Second World

Whenever one thinks of the World War II, the image of dark menacing panzers cutting deep swathes into enemy forces comes up to the mind. No amount of interpretation and overinterpretation can belittle the extraordinary role-played by the panzers in World War II. Similarly, despite the presence of numerous good works by various historians and introduction of exotic methodologies, Professor Dennis Showalter’s place in the world of academic writings on World War II can never be marginalized. The present article humbly attempts to highlight one aspect of Professor Showalter’s research: history of tanks during the World War II. This essay has two sections. The first section evaluates Showalter’s three works dealing with armour during the World War II. In the next section, the present author, inspired by Showalter’s works on armoured war, attempts to recount the evolution of armoured branch in the Indian Army until the end of World War II. Indian tank units, as this article argues, played a crucial role in the capture of Meiktila and the subsequent ‘Race to Rangoon’.

Pan-Slavism and World War II

1952 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 699-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Kohn
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
World War I ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
German Occupation ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The World ◽  
Second World

In spite of later claims that it had been the leader of the anti-fascist camp and of the Slav world from the beginning of the second World War, the Soviet Union followed a strictly Russian policy, neither anti-fascist nor Pan-Slav, from August, 1939, to June, 1941. This policy clearly foreshadowed a nationalist revival of the language and aspirations that had been most characteristic of Old Russia but were assumed to have been definitely buried in the ten November days of 1917 which shook the world. During these two years not the slightest sympathy for the Czechs and Poles suffering under German occupation was expressed. Indeed, although Leninist communism during World War I had conducted a violent defeatist propaganda compaign in both warring camps, the subversive communist propaganda that was resumed in 1939 was directed only against the democratic nations. “Moreover, officially, even ostentatiously, help was granted to the camp of fascism so that, from 1939 to 1941, the Soviet Union could be considered a non-belligerent partner of the Axis. From the policy of benevolent neutrality towards the Axis the Soviet Union was removed against its will. Circumstances made it an ally of the democracies. This change was performed reluctantly, only because no other choice was left.”

scholarly journals Creating Romanestan: A Place to be a Gypsy in Post-Nazi Europe

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 272-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Sierra
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Second World War ◽  
The Political ◽  
World War ◽  
Racial Exclusion ◽  
The World ◽  
The Right ◽  
Second World ◽  
Performative Power

This article examines the political formula of Romanestan as conceived by Ionel Rotaru (1918–1982), a Romanian refugee in France after the Second World War. Romanestan is the most visible aspect of an ambitious plan demanding rights for those labelled Gypsies throughout the world. This study is of interest because it sheds new light on the problems of social and political readjustment after the Second World War from the standpoint of racial exclusion. Rotaru’s project was both the response to longstanding historical racist aggression and also a crucial turning point in the formation of Romani ethnic identity. What makes its study interesting is that the formula of the Romanestan wove the right to exist of those regarded as Gypsies into a creative transnational political project. Based on classified documents, this article highlights the political nature of processes of ethnicization and assesses the performative power of symbols.

scholarly journals The 80th Anniversary of the Beginning of the Second World War in Historical and Educational Activities of the Russian Archivists

2020 ◽  
pp. 87-101
Author(s):  
Efim. I. Pivovar ◽  
◽  
Alexander S. Levchenkov ◽  
Elena A. Kosovan ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Professional Community ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World Politics ◽  
World War ◽  
Educational Work ◽  
80Th Anniversary ◽  
Second World

This article is devoted to the coverage of a number of major historical and educational projects implemented in recent years by the Russian archivists in the context of the 80th anniversary of the beginning of the Second World War of 1939-1945. Having analyzed the activities of the leading national archives in this area, including their use of modern information technologies and Internet resources, the authors link these projects with discourse of world politics and historiography on the most important factors and causes that resulted in the outbreak of World War II. In connection with heated discussions and disputes on the prerequisites and causes of the Second World War that are escalating among politicians and historians of various countries on the eve of its 80th anniversary, the Russian historians and archivists have done a tremendous job in preparing thematic historical and documentary exhibitions devoted to the most significant (from historical point of view) events that directly affected international relations in the pre-war months. Complex of audiovisual sources, which has been reviewed in this article as a part of historical and documentary exhibitions complex, confirms that it was a complex of factors and events associated with the collapse of the Versailles-Washington system of international relations that led to the outbreak of World War II; but, most of all, the policy of pandering to the aggressive revanchist aspirations of Nazi Germany by the major European powers and concern of the European allies of the USSR for strengthening of its position in international affairs. Introduction of new sources and expansion of documentary base available to general public by means of exhibitions and permanent Internet projects plays a huge role in historical and educational work in general, and in counteraction of falsification of history and of dividing the historical memory of the peoples of the former USSR and the allies of World War II in particular. Finally, it contributes to the consolidation of efforts of the national professional community of historians and archivists and to propagation of dialogue of Russian historians and archivists with their colleagues from near and far abroad.

scholarly journals History of the Second World War: Countering Attempts to Falsify and Distort to the Detriment of International Security

2015 ◽  
pp. 74-83
Author(s):  
V. G. Kiknadze
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Information Space ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
World War ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Second World

One of the negative phenomena of the modern world are attempts to falsify history and the results of the Second World War, 1939-1945., is an important component of the ideological confrontation in the information space of neoliberal forces of Russian society with patriotic and non-violent, is a tool for achieving geopolitical goals of a number of states. United States, European Union and Ukraine tend to distort the results of the Second World War to remove the history of the Great Patriotic War, the feat of the Soviet people, who saved the world from fascism, and the Soviet Union (Russian Federation), together with Nazi Germany put in the dock of history, accusing all the troubles of the XX century. At the same time attempts to rehabilitate fascism and substitution postwar realities lead to the destruction of the entire system of contemporary international relations and, as a consequence, to the intensification of the struggle for the redivision of the world, including military measures. China is actively implementing the historiography of the statement that World War II began June 7, 1937 and is linked to an open aggression of Japan against China. Given these circumstances, the Military Doctrine of the Russian Federation noted that the trend of displacement of military dangers and military threats in the information space and the inner sphere of the Russian Federation. The main internal risks attributable activity information impact on the population, especially young citizens of the country, which has the aim of undermining the historical, spiritual and patriotic traditions in the field of defense of the Fatherland.

scholarly journals Religious policy of the Soviet authorities during the Second World War

2020 ◽  
Vol 130 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-93
Author(s):  
T. Zholdassuly ◽  
◽  
K.M. Ilyassova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
World War ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
Religious Policy ◽  
The World ◽  
Second World

This article intends the change in the Soviet Religion Politics during the World War II. At first the Soviet Religion Politics and the Soviet opression against religion after the WWII is explained. It reveals how the Soviet Religion Politics changed abruptly, futhermore their appeal to clergy to unite the believers against enemy. The formation of the Russian Orthodox Church and four Spiritual Administrations of Muslims has also been mentioned in this work. Besides, it explains that The Soviets had to give freedom to religion in order to get foreign and local Muslims’ support and did every possible means to raise people’s spirit. The information that all believers, especially Muslims contributed to the victory also that they financially and materially supported the soldiers, families is given with archive documents. This contribution lasted after the war. Accordingly Muslims were praised for it, resulting in Islam and State reconciliation.

scholarly journals National culture as a strategy for self-preservation of personality: Yuri Shevelov and the World War II

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-31
Author(s):  
Tetiana Shestopalova
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
National Culture ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Personal Resource ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Second World

The urgency of the topic is due to the increased interest of modern society to the existence of a particular individual in the dehumanizing geopolitical and hybrid conflicts. Culture is an existential source of restoration of a human personal resource. The methods developed in it to protect against various threats to the world are specified in the practices and discourses of national cultures. The latter give their bearers hope for the preservation of life in the circumstances of cardinal socio-historical changes that threaten the collapse of the individual and the whole national community. The subject of study in the article is the phenomenon of the personality of the intellectual-humanitarian in the circumstances of World War II. According to S. Krymsky, personality is seen as the result of moral efforts that raise a person above the individual physical threshold to the level of responsible existence and harmony with the spirit. The objective of the study is to outline the importance of the national cultural environment in the crystallization of the personality of the Ukrainian writer and cultural agent, American and Ukrainian academic philologist Yuri Shevelov (1908–2002) in Ukraine during the Second World War. The first book of his memoirs «I — myself — to me… (and all around)» — «In Ukraine» provided material for reflection. This text has several reprints and is well known to interested readers. However, his leitmotif — national culture as the daily salvation of the intellectual in historical and geopolitical cataclysms — still remains uncomprehend. This is the novelty of the proposed work. Its theoretical and methodological basis is the phenomenology of culture of S. Krymsky. On the other hand, the history of survival and preservation of Yuri Shevelov as an intellectual personality is inseparable from the history of his everyday life. This explains the appeal to the studies of everyday history. As a result of the research caused by the interest in the life of Yu. Shevelov during the Second World War, the main factors of his personal project in the dynamics of the Ukrainian national and cultural discourse were characterized. The issue of modern Ukrainian culture as one of the key criteria for understanding non-national cultural phenomena needs further coverage. The article is presented in two issues. This part deals with the family factors of Yuri Shevelov’s personality and his cultural activity as a survival strategy in Kharkiv during the World War II.

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