Decision-making on the go: Smartphones and decision-making in early 21st-century workflow

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 164-177
Author(s):  
David Simmonds ◽  
Sanjib Guha ◽  
Niazur Rahim ◽  
Javier Mella-Barahona
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
21St Century ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Office Work ◽  
Early 21St Century

Today almost everyone carries a smartphone. People use it for various purposes not just for calling, sending texts or accessing the Internet. The personal smartphone is not just used for staying in touch, but it is also used for performing office work. The varied uses of smartphones have been widely chronicled in literature and there is exhaustive literature listing the various benefits derived from its use. The advent of the smartphone has changed the workflow in the 21st century. It has not only ushered in globalization but also benefited from globalization. Smartphones now enable us to stay connected and work on the go. In this article, we have conducted as exhaustive a research as possible and reviewed different studies pertaining to use of smartphones in all different spheres of work. We have also reviewed different studies regarding the various benefits and some problems in using smartphones. Our article brings together, in one place, literature from a wide variety of professions and angles.

scholarly journals Fits-and-Starts: The Changing Nature of the Material City

2022 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-71
Author(s):  
Aseem Inam
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Las Vegas ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
Urban Change ◽  
Environmental Costs ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Space And Time

How and why does the material city in the late 20th and early 21st century change? This article examines one type of prominent urban change, which is “fits-and-starts” and represents change that is concentrated in space and time and that nonetheless has longer term repercussions with high economic and environmental costs. Through a review of the literature and an illuminating case study in Las Vegas, this article reveals how human perception and decision-making via two interrelated phenomena, future speculation and manufactured obsolescence, drive such change. The case study in Las Vegas is particularly fascinating because as a city of apparent extremes, it not only reveals in clear relief phenomena that are present in the capitalist city but it also offers insights into basic patterns of decision-making that actually shape—or design—the contemporary city. The article concludes with more general insights into the nature of this type of urban change and implications for alternative types of urban practices.

Commercialization of Journalism

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Kvalheim ◽  
Jens Barland
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
21St Century ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Penny Press ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Modern Sense

Commercialization of journalism is not a new concern. Indeed, journalism has always been bought and sold in the market, and commercialization has thus always been a central part of the production of journalism. In a modern sense, however, commercialization became an issue with the emergence of the penny press in the United States and the abolishment of the “taxes on knowledge” in the United Kingdom. These developments altered the content of newspapers and brought along discussions concerning the effects of commercialization. In the late 20th and early 21st century, commercialization of journalism again took a new turn. Developments such as digitalization and the emergence and communization of the internet, has led to an increased attention to market logics. This, in turn, makes studies of the commercialization of journalism increasingly more important.

‘I just wanna see someone get knocked the fuck out’: Spectating affray on Facebook fight pages

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Social Networking ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Social Networking Site ◽  
User Generated Content ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Risk Awareness ◽  
Information Superhighway ◽  
Camera Phone ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Self Defence

Spurred by the advent of the Internet and the camera phone, in the early 21st century street fighting met the information superhighway. Today, one of the key vehicles accelerating this turn are Facebook fight pages: user-generated content aggregation pages that publicly host footage of street fights, and other forms of bare-knuckle violence on the popular social networking site. Drawing on observational data collected from five popular fight pages, and survey data from 205 fight page users, this article explores the different forms of bare-knuckle violence hosted on these online domains and their users’ motivations for viewing it. Through doing so, it examines eleven distinct modes of spectating bare-knuckle violence on fight pages: entertainment, consumptive deviance, righteous justice, amusement, self-affirmation, nostalgia, boredom alleviation, intrigue, self-defence training and risk awareness. Additionally, I argue that to understand these modes of spectating bare-knuckle violence, we have to address the codes of masculinity that underlie not only much of the violence hosted on fight pages, but also spectators’ readings of these events.

scholarly journals Using the Internet to Survey Small Towns and Communities: Limitations and Possibilities in the Early 21st Century

2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (9) ◽  
pp. 1423-1448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolene D. Smyth ◽  
Don A. Dillman ◽  
Leah Melani Christian ◽  
Allison C. O'Neill
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
The Early 21St Century

Changes in Regulatory Laws Over the Sharing Economy Business on the Example of Brazil

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Luiz Guedes da Luz Neto
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Sharing Economy ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Innovative Products ◽  
New Business ◽  
State Regulator

The shared economy gained importance in the early 21st century, gaining scale through the internet. With this, various business models were created, offering innovative products and services to people. Many of the businesses in the sharing economy, because of their innovative character, challenge state regulation, which still does not know how to fit them, because, as disruptive, these businesses no longer seem to fit into traditional legal categories. And this difficulty in the legal framework can create burdens on innovative companies that can negatively impact results, as well as maintaining these companies in the market in a competitive manner. The search for state regulation that can adequately frame new businesses born in the sharing economy is a major challenge for the state regulator, which must seek regulation that protects users without impeding the development of new business. The regulation of new businesses in the sharing economy is a great challenge in Brazil because this regulation creates a lot of problems to the companies born in the sharing economy.

scholarly journals LOCAL RADIO WITHOUT BORDERS: the experiment of a small Portuguese broadcaster on the internet

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 376-401
Author(s):  
Thais De Mendonça Jorge ◽  
Paula Cristina Brito Batista
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Radio Station ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Small Communities ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Media Companies ◽  
The World ◽  
Media Ecosystem ◽  
The Media

ABSTRACT – Hyperlocal journalism, understood as the type of journalism practiced and undertaken in small communities around the world, is part of the media ecosystem, but its importance is rarely recognized. With the withdrawal of media companies from smaller locations in the early 21st century, hyperlocal journalism has regained its space thanks to the internet, exploiting the streak of community news to reach audiences in various parts of the world. This study focuses on Portugal and investigates how hyperlocal news is reported on a radio station in the interior of the country: Rádio Cova da Beira (RCB). The results of an analysis of the website’s content, interviews, and participant observation in the newsroom of the broadcaster, based in Fundão, in the district of Castelo Branco (Portugal), show that this model of local journalism values culture, but faces serious structural and financial problems.RESUMO – O jornalismo hiperlocal, compreendido como o tipo de jornalismo praticado em pequenas comunidades, faz parte do ecossistema midiático, mas raramente tem sua importância reconhecida. Com a retirada das grandes empresas de media das localidades de menor tamanho, no início do século XXI, o jornalismo hiperlocal vem retomando seu espaço graças à internet, explorando o filão das notícias comunitárias com vistas a alcançar audiências transfronteiras. Este estudo tem como foco Portugal e investiga como estão sendo feitas notícias hiperlocais em uma rádio do interior do país – a Rádio Cova da Beira (RCB). Os resultados de análise de conteúdo no site, de entrevistas e observação participante na redação da emissora com sede em Fundão, distrito de Castelo Branco (Portugal), mostram que este modelo de jornalismo local valoriza a cultura, mas enfrenta sérios problemas estruturais e financeiros.RESUMEN – El periodismo hiperlocal, entendido como el tipo de periodismo practicado en pequeñas comunidades, es parte del ecosistema de los medios, pero rara vez se lo reconoce por su importancia. Con la retirada de las grandes empresas medianas de las ciudades más pequeñas, a principios del siglo XXI, el periodismo hiperlocal se ha hecho cargo gracias a internet, explorando la racha de noticias de la comunidad con miras a llegar a audiencias transfronterizas. Este estudio se centra en Portugal e investiga cómo se producen noticias hiperlocales en una radio en el interior del país: Rádio Cova da Beira (RCB). Los resultados del análisis de contenido en el sitio web, las entrevistas y la observación participante en la sala de redacción de la emisora con sede en Fundão, distrito de Castelo Branco (Portugal), muestran que este modelo de periodismo local valora la cultura, pero enfrenta serios problemas estructurales y financieros.

Juba Arabic as a written language

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 352-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Miller
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Written Language ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Writing Practices ◽  
Use Of The Internet ◽  
Written Materials

This paper deals with the issue of Juba Arabic (JA) as a written language and investigates various written materials produced from early 20th century up to the early 21st century. The investigated writings are presented in their socio-historical context in order to determine in which ways genres and contexts impact writing practices, particularly regarding orthographic and grammatical choices. These choices are analyzed following the notions of sameness and distance used for evaluating literacy processes in non-standard languages. The paper highlights the key moments and key agents of the codification of JA as a written language and the new developments led by the use of the internet.

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