Juba Arabic as a written language

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 352-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Miller
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Written Language ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Writing Practices ◽  
Use Of The Internet ◽  
Written Materials

This paper deals with the issue of Juba Arabic (JA) as a written language and investigates various written materials produced from early 20th century up to the early 21st century. The investigated writings are presented in their socio-historical context in order to determine in which ways genres and contexts impact writing practices, particularly regarding orthographic and grammatical choices. These choices are analyzed following the notions of sameness and distance used for evaluating literacy processes in non-standard languages. The paper highlights the key moments and key agents of the codification of JA as a written language and the new developments led by the use of the internet.

Commercialization of Journalism

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Kvalheim ◽  
Jens Barland
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
21St Century ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Penny Press ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Modern Sense

Commercialization of journalism is not a new concern. Indeed, journalism has always been bought and sold in the market, and commercialization has thus always been a central part of the production of journalism. In a modern sense, however, commercialization became an issue with the emergence of the penny press in the United States and the abolishment of the “taxes on knowledge” in the United Kingdom. These developments altered the content of newspapers and brought along discussions concerning the effects of commercialization. In the late 20th and early 21st century, commercialization of journalism again took a new turn. Developments such as digitalization and the emergence and communization of the internet, has led to an increased attention to market logics. This, in turn, makes studies of the commercialization of journalism increasingly more important.

‘I just wanna see someone get knocked the fuck out’: Spectating affray on Facebook fight pages

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Social Networking ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Social Networking Site ◽  
User Generated Content ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Risk Awareness ◽  
Information Superhighway ◽  
Camera Phone ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Self Defence

Spurred by the advent of the Internet and the camera phone, in the early 21st century street fighting met the information superhighway. Today, one of the key vehicles accelerating this turn are Facebook fight pages: user-generated content aggregation pages that publicly host footage of street fights, and other forms of bare-knuckle violence on the popular social networking site. Drawing on observational data collected from five popular fight pages, and survey data from 205 fight page users, this article explores the different forms of bare-knuckle violence hosted on these online domains and their users’ motivations for viewing it. Through doing so, it examines eleven distinct modes of spectating bare-knuckle violence on fight pages: entertainment, consumptive deviance, righteous justice, amusement, self-affirmation, nostalgia, boredom alleviation, intrigue, self-defence training and risk awareness. Additionally, I argue that to understand these modes of spectating bare-knuckle violence, we have to address the codes of masculinity that underlie not only much of the violence hosted on fight pages, but also spectators’ readings of these events.

scholarly journals The clash between the employee's right to privacy and freedom of expression and social media misconduct: What justifies employee's dismissal to be a fair dismissal?

Obiter ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 504-518
Author(s):  
Simphiwe P Phungula
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Social Media ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Right To Privacy ◽  
Employee Relationship ◽  
Use Of The Internet ◽  
Use Of Social Media ◽  
The Way

The 21st century has an increase in the use of the internet as a means of trading. The use of the internet has also influenced the use of social media as a means of communication. This communication extends to the employer–employee relationship in the workplace. However – in South Africa – due to the rapid use of social media both in and out of the workplace, it has become blurry of what constitutes social media misconduct for which an employee may be disciplined. This is exacerbated by the lack of specific legislation dealing with employees and social media misconduct in South Africa. This article deals with the blessings and the curse of using social media as a means of communication in the workplace. It reveals the difficulties faced by both employers and employees when determining to what extent the behaviour of an employee can constitute adequate grounds for dismissal in relation to that employee’s social media misconduct. Recommendations are made on the way forward.

scholarly journals Historical Trends in Expressive Timing Strategies: Chopin's Etude, Op. 25 no. 1

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 176-201
Author(s):  
Michael Rector
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Performance Practice ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Historical Trends ◽  
Performance Style ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Expressive Performance ◽  
History Of ◽  
Timing Strategies ◽  
Over Time

Studies of early 20th-century performance practice tend to focus on features that are alien to late 20th- and early 21st-century ears. Empirical analysis of timing in recordings of Chopin's Etude, Op. 25 no. 1—a piece for which performance style has remained relatively static—suggests how some foundational rules of phrasing and expressive nuance have changed over the history of recorded music. Melody note onsets were marked manually in 127 commercial recordings dating from 1909 to 2016. Overall, the data do not show an increase or decrease over time in the amount of tempo fluctuation. Independently of a tendency to use slower tempi, pianists changed the way they employ rubato. Several factors contribute to a trend whereby the fourth beat is lengthened at the expense of the second and third beats: an increase in phrase-final lengthening, an increase in the use of tempo arching for shorter groups of measures, and a tendency to delay the arrival of an accented dissonance or change of harmony instead of lengthening the melody inter-onset interval that contains it. The data illustrate nearly imperceptible shifts in interpretation and suggest that some practices thought to be the bedrock of expressive performance may be historically conditioned.

scholarly journals Verbal Projection of Comparable Translations of a Detective Story

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Yan Wang
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Language Use ◽  
The Other ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Detective Story ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Classical Chinese ◽  
The Early 21St Century

Abstract Based on the systemic functional framework, this paper attempts to compare verbal projection in two comparable translated texts of a detective story entitled A Scandal in Bohemia, one from the early 20th century (henceforth TT1) and the other from the early 21st century (henceforth TT2). Approximately one hundred years apart, these two translations are strikingly different in their language use, with classical Chinese being used in TT1 and plain (colloquial) Chinese being used in TT2. By analysing and comparing the lexicogrammatical features of the verbal clauses in the two translated texts, this paper summarises the choices made by the translators in these two different historical moments: when translating the source text, TT1 translators show more flexibility by incorporating more addition and omission into their translation than TT2 translators.

scholarly journals Using the Internet to Survey Small Towns and Communities: Limitations and Possibilities in the Early 21st Century

2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (9) ◽  
pp. 1423-1448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolene D. Smyth ◽  
Don A. Dillman ◽  
Leah Melani Christian ◽  
Allison C. O'Neill
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
The Early 21St Century

scholarly journals No Search Results in Fairness: Addressing Jurors' Independent Research in the 21st Century

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Oscar Battell-Wallace
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Digital Age ◽  
Judicial System ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Independent Research ◽  
Cognitive Changes ◽  
The Law ◽  
Use Of The Internet ◽  
The Right

The right to a fair trial is one of the fundamental pillars on which the criminal justice system stands. In the digital age of the 21st century, that pillar has increasingly come under siege due to the rise of the "Googling juror". In light of the recent proposals by the Law Commission to address this problem, this article does two things. It begins by investigating the reasons why jurors conduct independent research in the digital age, before proposing methods to prevent jurors from doing so. This article argues that jurors are researching in greater numbers than in the past due to cognitive changes to people's brains in the digital age. Those cognitive changes are the increasing use of the Internet as a transactive memory partner, people's need for instantaneous knowledge and people's reliance on the Internet for everyday needs. Given these findings, this article argues that the Law Commission's proposals are insufficient; to deal with the problem the judicial system must modernise. This article puts forward three proposals: deploying more technology in the courtroom, implementing a comprehensive system of judicial education and empowering jurors to ask more questions. It finally concludes that if the judicial system modernises, trial by jury can and should persist. 

scholarly journals KENDALA-KENDALA PENGAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA DI KOREA SELATAN

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Ronidin Ronidin
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Strong Influence ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Word Choice ◽  
Korean Students ◽  
Linguistic Constraints ◽  
Use Of The Internet ◽  
Written Materials ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia

This article aims to describe the constraints of teaching Indonesian in South Korea in a qualitative and descriptive manner. They include the learning process in terms of linguistic and non-linguistic aspects. The data obtained through observation and written materials throughout the process of teaching in the Department of Interpretation and Translation of Malay-Indonesian, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin, Korea and Indonesian Language Course for Regional Expert of Samsung at the same campus. The analysis results suggest that non-linguistic constraints consist of issues of cultural differences between Indonesia and Korea, strong influence of the environment that cause interference, and the negative impact of the use of the internet, especially when learners use google translation. Meanwhile, linguistic constraints include some aspects of language in the form of linguistic deviation such as language error. Frequent errors in the teaching process encompass error word choice, error sentence composition, error of affixes, and the error use of preposition.Keywords: Indonesian, error, Korean students, Samsung employees, teaching

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document