Augmenting serotonin neurotransmission with citalopram modulates emotional expression decoding but not structural encoding of moderate intensity sad facial emotional stimuli: an event-related potential (ERP) investigation

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 1153-1164 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Labuschagne ◽  
RJ Croft ◽  
KL Phan ◽  
PJ Nathan
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Expression ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Emotional Stimuli

Contingent Negative Variation to Emotional In- and Out-Group Stimuli Differentiates High- and Low-Prejudiced Individuals

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 1830-1839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pearl Chiu ◽  
Nalini Ambady ◽  
Patricia Deldin
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Emotional Expression ◽  
Contingent Negative Variation ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Emotional Stimuli ◽  
Response Latencies ◽  
Actual Evaluation ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Individual

Low- and high-prejudiced individuals exhibited differential cortical and behavioral responses to the pending and actual evaluation of emotional in- and out-group faces. Participants viewed warning stimuli indicating the subsequent presentation of an angry or happy African-American or Caucasian face. Upon presentation of the face, participants judged whether they would enjoy working with the individual. The contingent negative variation (CNV) component of the event-related potential in response to the pending presentation of in- and out-group emotional stimuli distinguished low- from high-prejudiced individuals. Specifically, low-prejudiced individuals showed greater early CNV in anticipation of angry African-American targets, and increased reaction time to evaluating these faces. High-prejudiced individuals showed decreased early CNV in anticipation of angry African-American faces, accompanied by decreased response latencies, and enhanced CNV in anticipation of happy Caucasian faces. Notably, no group differences emerged in either the pending or actual evaluation of happy out-group faces. The data are discussed with regard to implications for understanding the nature of prejudice, and underscore both the importance of emotional expression on how a target is appraised and also the utility of using converging measures to clarify processes that may contribute to social behavior.

scholarly journals A Behavioral and Electrophysiological Investigation of Effects of Visual Congruence on Olfactory Sensitivity During Habituation to Prolonged Odors

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 845-854
Author(s):  
Nicholas Fallon ◽  
Timo Giesbrecht ◽  
Anna Thomas ◽  
Andrej Stancak
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Visual Cues ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Detection Sensitivity ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Odor Perception ◽  
Potential Analysis ◽  
Odor Detection ◽  
Central Processing

Abstract Congruent visual cues augment sensitivity to brief olfactory presentations and habituation of odor perception is modulated by central-cognitive processing including context. However, it is not known whether habituation to odors could interact with cross-modal congruent stimuli. The present research investigated the effect of visual congruence on odor detection sensitivity during continuous odor exposures. We utilized a multimethod approach, including subjective behavioral responses and reaction times (RTs; study 1) and electroencephalography (EEG, study 2). Study 1: 25 participants received 2-min presentations of moderate-intensity floral odor delivered via olfactometer with congruent (flower) and incongruent (object) image presentations. Participants indicated odor perception after each image. Detection sensitivity and RTs were analyzed in epochs covering the period of habituation. Study 2: 25 new participants underwent EEG recordings during 145-s blocks of odor presentations with congruent or incongruent images. Participants passively observed images and intermittently rated the perceived intensity of odor. Event-related potential analysis was utilized to evaluate brain processing related to odor–visual pairs across the period of habituation. Odor detection sensitivity and RTs were improved by congruent visual cues. Results highlighted a diminishing influence of visual congruence on odor detection sensitivity as habituation occurred. Event-related potential analysis revealed an effect of congruency on electrophysiological processing in the N400 component. This was only evident in early periods of odor exposure when perception was strong. For the first time, this demonstrates the modulation of central processing of odor–visual pairs by habituation. Frontal negativity (N400) responses encode the aspects of cross-modal congruence for odor–vision cross-modal tasks.

scholarly journals Aerobic Exercise Attenuates Pain Sensitivity: An Event-Related Potential Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kangyong Zheng ◽  
Changcheng Chen ◽  
Suyong Yang ◽  
Xueqiang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Tibialis Anterior ◽  
Pain Threshold ◽  
Tibialis Anterior Muscle ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Contact Heat ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Inhibitory Function ◽  
Heat Stimulus

In this study, electroencephalography (EEG) was utilized to explore the neurophysiological mechanisms of aerobic exercise-induced hypoalgesia (EIH) and provide a theoretical basis for the application of aerobic exercise in pain assessment and treatment. Forty-five healthy subjects were randomly divided into moderate-intensity aerobic exercise [70% heart rate reserve (HRR)], low-intensity aerobic exercise (50% HRR), or control groups (sitting). Aerobic exercise was performed with cycling. Pressure pain threshold (PPT), heat pain threshold (HPT), event-related potential (ERP) induced by contact heat stimulus and pain scoring were measured before and after the intervention. We found that moderate-intensity aerobic exercise can increase the PPT (rectus femoris: t = −2.71, p = 0.017; tibialis anterior muscle: t = −2.36, p = 0.033) and HPT (tibialis anterior muscle: t = −2.219, p = 0.044) of proximal intervention sites rather than distal sites, and decreased pain scorings of contact heat stimulus. After moderate-intensity aerobic exercise, alpha oscillation power reflecting the central descending inhibitory function was enhanced (t = −2.31, p < 0.05). Low-intensity aerobic exercise mainly reduced the pain unpleasantness rating (Block 1: t = 2.415, p = 0.030; Block 2: t = 3.287, p = 0.005; Block 4: t = 2.646, p = 0.019; Block 5: t = 2.567, p = 0.022). Aerobic exercise had an overall EIH effect. Its hypoalgesic effect was related to exercise intensity and affected by the site and type of pain stimulus. Moderate-intensity aerobic exercise effectively reduced the sensitivity to various painful stimuli, and low-intensity aerobic exercise selectively inhibited the negative emotional pain response. The hypoalgesic mechanism of aerobic exercise involves the enhancement of the central descending inhibitory function.

scholarly journals Familial risk for distress and fear disorders and emotional reactivity in adolescence: an event-related potential investigation

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (12) ◽  
pp. 2545-2556 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. D. Nelson ◽  
G. Perlman ◽  
G. Hajcak ◽  
D. N. Klein ◽  
R. Kotov
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Emotional Reactivity ◽  
Familial Risk ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Parental Distress ◽  
Emotional Stimuli ◽  
Parental History ◽  
Lifetime History ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Depression

BackgroundThe late positive potential (LPP) is an event-related potential component that is sensitive to the motivational salience of stimuli. Children with a parental history of depression, an indicator of risk, have been found to exhibit an attenuated LPP to emotional stimuli. Research on depressive and anxiety disorders has organized these conditions into two empirical classes: distress and fear disorders. The present study examined whether parental history of distress and fear disorders was associated with the LPP to emotional stimuli in a large sample of adolescent girls.MethodThe sample of 550 girls (ages 13.5–15.5 years) with no lifetime history of depression completed an emotional picture-viewing task and the LPP was measured in response to neutral, pleasant and unpleasant pictures. Parental lifetime history of psychopathology was determined via a semi-structured diagnostic interview with a biological parent, and confirmatory factor analysis was used to model distress and fear dimensions.ResultsParental distress risk was associated with an attenuated LPP to all stimuli. In contrast, parental fear risk was associated with an enhanced LPP to unpleasant pictures but was unrelated to the LPP to neutral and pleasant pictures. Furthermore, these results were independent of the adolescent girls’ current depression and anxiety symptoms and pubertal status.ConclusionsThe present study demonstrates that familial risk for distress and fear disorders may have unique profiles in terms of electrocortical measures of emotional information processing. This study is also one of the first to investigate emotional/motivational processes underlying the distress and fear disorder dimensions.

Event-related potential (ERP) asymmetries to emotional stimuli in a visual half-field paradigm

1997 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 414-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
JÜRGEN KAYSER ◽  
CRAIG TENKE ◽  
HELGE NORDBY ◽  
DAG HAMMERBORG ◽  
KENNETH HUGDAHL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Emotional Stimuli

scholarly journals MAP training: combining meditation and aerobic exercise reduces depression and rumination while enhancing synchronized brain activity

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon Alderman ◽  
Ryan Olson ◽  
C.J. Brush ◽  
Tracey Shors
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Physical Map ◽  
Flanker Task ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Moderate Intensity

Mental and physical (MAP) training is a novel clinical intervention that combines mental training through meditation and physical training through aerobic exercise. The intervention was translated from neuroscientific studies indicating that MAP training increases neurogenesis in the adult brain. Each session consisted of 30 min of focused-attention (FA) meditation and 30 min of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise. Fifty-two participants completed the 8-week intervention, which consisted of two sessions per week. Following the intervention, individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD; n = 22) reported significantly less depressive symptoms and ruminative thoughts. Typical healthy individuals (n = 30) also reported less depressive symptoms at follow-up. Behavioral and event-related potential indices of cognitive control were collected at baseline and follow-up during a modified flanker task. Following MAP training, N2 and P3 component amplitudes increased relative to baseline, especially among individuals with MDD. These data indicate enhanced neural responses during the detection and resolution of conflicting stimuli. Although previous research has supported the individual beneficial effects of aerobic exercise and meditation for depression, these findings indicate that a combination of the two may be particularly effective in increasing cognitive control processes and decreasing ruminative thought patterns.

scholarly journals Intact Differentiation of Responses to Socially-Relevant Emotional Stimuli Across Psychotic Disorders: An Event-Related Potential (ERP) Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter E Clayson ◽  
Jonathan Wynn ◽  
Amy M. Jimenez ◽  
ERIC A REAVIS ◽  
Junghee Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Similar Degree ◽  
Social Anhedonia ◽  
Emotional Stimuli ◽  
Affective Psychosis ◽  
Motivated Attention ◽  
Social Images ◽  
Socially Relevant ◽  
Valence Effect

Event-related potential (ERP) studies of motivated attention in schizophrenia typically show intact sensitivity to affective vs. non-affective images depicting diverse types of content. However, it is not known whether this ERP pattern: 1) extends to images that solely depict social content, (2) applies across a broad sample with diverse psychotic disorders, and (3) relates to self-reported trait social anhedonia. We examined late positive potential (LPP) amplitudes to images involving people that were normatively pleasant (affiliative), unpleasant (threatening), or neutral in 97 stable outpatients with various psychotic disorders and 38 healthy controls. Both groups showed enhanced LPP to pleasant and unpleasant vs. neutral images to a similar degree, despite lower overall LPP in patients. Within the patients, there were no significant LPP differences among subgroups (schizophrenia vs. other psychotic disorders; affective vs. non-affective psychosis) for the valence effect (pleasant/unpleasant vs. neutral). Higher social anhedonia showed a small, significant relation to lower LPP to pleasant images across all groups. These findings suggest intact motivated attention to social images extends across psychotic disorder subgroups. Dimensional transdiagnostic analyses revealed a modest association between self-reported trait social anhedonia and an LPP index of neural sensitivity to pleasant affiliative images.

Unattended Facial Expressions Asymmetrically Bias the Concurrent Processing of Nonemotional Information

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 1386-1395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey S. Maxwell ◽  
Alexander J. Shackman ◽  
Richard J. Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Expression ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
High Load ◽  
Continuous Performance ◽  
Continuous Performance Task ◽  
Emotional Stimuli ◽  
Performance Task ◽  
Concurrent Processing ◽  
Task Irrelevant

Planned and reflexive behaviors often occur in the presence of emotional stimuli and within the context of an individual's acute emotional state. Therefore, determining the manner in which emotion and attention interact is an important step toward understanding how we function in the real world. Participants in the current investigation viewed centrally displayed, task-irrelevant, face distractors (angry, neutral, happy) while performing a lateralized go/no-go continuous performance task. Lateralized go targets and no-go lures that did not spatially overlap with the faces were employed to differentially probe processing in the left (LH) and right (RH) cerebral hemispheres. There was a significant interaction between expression and hemisphere, with an overall pattern such that angry distractors were associated with relatively more RH inhibitory errors than neutral or happy distractors and happy distractors with relatively more LH inhibitory errors than angry or neutral distractors. Simple effects analyses confirmed that angry faces differentially interfered with RH relative to LH inhibition and with inhibition in the RH relative to happy faces. A significant three-way interaction further revealed that state anxiety moderated relations between emotional expression and hemisphere. Under conditions of low cognitive load, more intense anxiety was associated with relatively greater RH than LH impairment in the presence of both happy and threatening distractors. By contrast, under high load, only angry dis-tractors produced greater RH than LH interference as a function of anxiety.

scholarly journals Aberrant reward prediction error during Pavlovian appetitive learning in alexithymia

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 1119-1129
Author(s):  
Francesca Starita ◽  
Mattia Pietrelli ◽  
Caterina Bertini ◽  
Giuseppe di Pellegrino
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Error ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Prediction Errors ◽  
Appetitive Conditioning ◽  
Emotional Stimuli ◽  
Internal Representations ◽  
Reward Prediction ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Emotional Value

Abstract Extensive literature shows that alexithymia, a subclinical trait defined by difficulties in identifying and describing feelings, is characterized by multifaceted impairments in processing emotional stimuli. Nevertheless, its underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we hypothesize that alexithymia may be characterized by an alteration in learning the emotional value of encountered stimuli and test this by assessing differences between individuals with low (LA) and high (HA) levels of alexithymia in the computation of reward prediction errors (RPEs) during Pavlovian appetitive conditioning. As a marker of RPE, the amplitude of the feedback-related negativity (FRN) event-related potential was assessed while participants were presented with two conditioned stimuli (CS) associated with expected or unexpected feedback, indicating delivery of reward or no-reward. No-reward (vs reward) feedback elicited the FRN both in LA and HA. However, unexpected (vs expected) feedback enhanced the FRN in LA but not in HA, indicating impaired computation of RPE in HA. Thus, although HA show preserved sensitivity to rewards, they cannot use this response to update the value of CS that predict them. This impairment may hinder the construction of internal representations of emotional stimuli, leaving individuals with alexithymia unable to effectively recognize, respond and regulate their response to emotional stimuli.

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