Oxytocin-induced facilitation of learning in a probabilistic task is associated with reduced feedback- and error-related negativity potentials

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-49
Author(s):  
Qian Zhuang ◽  
Siyu Zhu ◽  
Xue Yang ◽  
Xinqi Zhou ◽  
Xiaolei Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Feedback ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Conflict Detection ◽  
Social Feedback ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Subsequent Performance ◽  
Error Awareness ◽  
Error Related Negativity ◽  
Positive And Negative Feedback ◽  
The Impact

Background: Feedback evaluation of actions and error response detection are critical for optimizing behavioral adaptation. Oxytocin can facilitate learning following social feedback but whether its effects vary as a function of feedback valence remains unclear. Aims: The present study aimed to investigate whether oxytocin would influence responses to positive and negative feedback differentially or equivalently. Methods: The present study employed a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled within-subject design to investigate whether intranasal oxytocin (24 IU) influenced behavioral and evoked electrophysiological potential responses to positive or negative feedback in a probabilistic learning task. Results: Results showed that oxytocin facilitated learning and this effect was maintained in the absence of feedback. Using novel stimulus pairings, we found that oxytocin abolished bias towards learning more from negative feedback under placebo by increasing accuracy for positively reinforced stimuli. Oxytocin also decreased the feedback-related negativity difference (negative minus positive feedback) during learning, further suggesting that it rendered the evaluation of positive and negative feedback more equivalent. Additionally, post-learning oxytocin attenuated error-related negativity amplitudes but increased the late error positivity, suggesting that it may lower conflict detection between actual errors and expected correct responses at an early stage of processing but at a later stage increase error awareness and motivation for avoiding them. Conclusions: Oxytocin facilitates learning and subsequent performance by rendering the impact of positive relative to negative feedback more equivalent and also by reducing conflict detection and increasing error awareness, which may be beneficial for behavioral adaption.

scholarly journals Impact of T-cell costimulation modulation in patients with undifferentiated inflammatory arthritis or very early rheumatoid arthritis: a clinical and imaging study of abatacept (the ADJUST trial)

2009 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 510-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Emery ◽  
P Durez ◽  
M Dougados ◽  
C W Legerton ◽  
J-C Becker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Imaging Study ◽  
Serious Adverse Events ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Early Ra ◽  
Acr Criteria ◽  
Very Early Ra ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundSeveral agents provide treatment for established rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but a crucial therapeutic goal is to delay/prevent progression of undifferentiated arthritis (UA) or very early RA.ObjectiveTo determine the impact of T-cell costimulation modulation in patients with UA or very early RA.MethodsIn this double-blind, phase II, placebocontrolled, 2-year study, anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP)2-positive patients with UA (not fulfilling the ACR criteria for RA) and clinical synovitis of two or more joints were randomised to abatacept (∼10 mg/kg) or placebo for 6 months; the study drug was then terminated. The primary end point was development of RA (by ACR criteria) at year 1. Patients were monitored by radiography, MRI, CCP2, rheumatoid factor and 28 joint count Disease Activity Score (DAS28) over 2 years.ResultsAt year 1, 12/26 (46%) abatacept-treated versus 16/24 (67%) placebo-treated patients developed RA (difference (95% CI) −20.5% (−47.4% to 7.8%)). Adjusted mean changes from baseline to year 1 in Genant-modified Sharp radiographic scores for abatacepttreated versus placebo-treated patients, respectively, were 0 versus 1.1 for total score, and 0 versus 0.9 for erosion score. Mean changes from baseline to year 1 in MRI erosion, osteitis and synovitis scores were 0, 0.2 and 0.2, respectively, versus 5.0, 6.7 and 2.3 in the abatacept versus placebo groups. Safety was comparable between groups; serious adverse events occurred in one patient (3.6%) in each group.ConclusionAbatacept delayed progression of UA/very early RA in some patients. An impact on radiographic and MRI inhibition was seen, which was maintained for 6 months after treatment stopped. This suggests that it is possible to alter the progression of RA by modulating T-cell responses at a very early stage of disease.Trial registration numberNCT00124449.

The impact of positive and negative feedback on reaction time in brain-damaged patients.

2000 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siegfried Gauggel ◽  
Anne Wietasch ◽  
Christine Bayer ◽  
Claudia Rolko
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Negative Feedback ◽  
Positive And Negative Feedback ◽  
The Impact

The Impact of Feedback on Goal Setting and Task Performance

2013 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Björn Krenn ◽  
Sabine Würth ◽  
Andreas Hergovich
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Goal Setting ◽  
Negative Feedback ◽  
Positive Feedback ◽  
Difficulty Level ◽  
Task Motivation ◽  
Short Video ◽  
Positive And Negative Feedback ◽  
Level Of Difficulty ◽  
The Impact

This research project was undertaken in response to Kluger and DeNisi’s (1996 ) call for more primary studies to investigate specific propositions of the feedback intervention theory (FIT). To study the assumptions of FIT on the level of task-motivation processes, we analyzed the impact of combined positive and negative feedback. Participants (N = 413) performed a series of tasks in which they were to indicate the number of athletes appearing in short video sequences of different sports. After each task performance the participants received manipulated feedback and were to choose between predetermined options (e.g., raise the level of difficulty, maintain the level of difficulty). We found that the participants most frequently raised the difficulty level after receiving positive feedback and maintained the level after receiving negative feedback. There were no significant differences in the performance of participants who raised and those who maintained the difficulty level after receiving positive or negative feedback. However, the performance of participants who raised the difficulty level after receiving positive feedback increased more than that of those who maintained the difficulty level after receiving negative feedback. In addition, we observed an increase in participants’ avoidance behavior in response to repeated negative feedback. The results partially confirmed the assumptions of the FIT.

Conflict Monitoring Across the Life Span

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 124-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Czernochowski
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Conflict Detection ◽  
Response Conflict ◽  
Conflict Monitoring ◽  
Subsequent Performance ◽  
Additional Control ◽  
Performance Response ◽  
Conflict Detection And Resolution

Errors can play a major role for optimizing subsequent performance: Response conflict associated with (near) errors signals the need to recruit additional control resources to minimize future conflict. However, so far it remains open whether children and older adults also adjust their performance as a function of preceding response conflict. To examine the life span development of conflict detection and resolution, response conflict was elicited during a task-switching paradigm. Electrophysiological correlates of conflict detection for correct and incorrect responses and behavioral indices of post-error adjustments were assessed while participants in four age groups were asked to focus on either speed or accuracy. Despite difficulties in resolving response conflict, the ability to detect response conflict as indexed by the Ne/ERN component was expected to mature early and be preserved in older adults. As predicted, reliable Ne/ERN peaks were detected across age groups. However, only for adults Ne/ERN amplitudes associated with errors were larger compared to Nc/CRN amplitudes for correct trials under accuracy instructions, suggesting an ongoing maturation in the ability to differentiate levels of response conflict. Behavioral interference costs were considerable in both children and older adults. Performance for children and older adults deteriorated rather than improved following errors, in line with intact conflict detection, but impaired conflict resolution. Thus, participants in all age groups were able to detect response conflict, but only young adults successfully avoided subsequent conflict by up-regulating control.

KAJIAN DAMPAK KEBIJAKAN PENUTUPAN LOKALISASI TELEJU OLEH PEMERINTAH KOTA PEKANBARU

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
M. Zainuddin
Keyword(s):  
Social Order ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Policy Research ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Policy Content ◽  
The Government ◽  
Closure Policy ◽  
The Impact

This research to analyze the impact of closure policy Teleju brothel by Pekanbaru govermentin 2010. Guidelines for works are Pekanbaru Local Regulations No. 12 of 2008 on Social Order-liness. Closure this brothel inflicts positive and negative impact for society.The research wasconducted to obtain early stage formula for the government to take action against the prostitu-tion activities. This research uses policy research approach with a qualitative method, becausein prostitution activities and prohibition by goverment is an assessment that needs to be done byanalyzing documents and unstructured interview.The results showed that after the closing of the Teleju brothel have an impact on the deploy-ment of a prostitution and affect the economy of the surrounding residents. Government seeksto tackle prostitution in Pekanbaru by moving the brothel, conduct regular raids and providetraining. The effort is considered to be less than the maximum because the handling is not basedon the root of the problem and not programmed properly. There are several causes of failure ofgovernment to overcome the prostitution problem in Pekanbaru, including: policy content isless focus on the prostitution problem, the government did not proceeds with data, lack of finan-cial support, contra productive programs between local government with the police and TNI,and the policy object is difficult to be given understanding.

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