It Runs in the Family: The Role of Family and Extended Social Networks in Developing Early Science Interest

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 27-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devasmita Chakraverty ◽  
Sarah N. Newcomer ◽  
Kelly Puzio ◽  
Robert H. Tai
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Extended Family ◽  
The United States ◽  
Scientific Interest ◽  
Career Selection ◽  
Interest In Science ◽  
Science Degree ◽  
Directed Learning ◽  
Role Of Parents

Research shows that early scientific interest is associated with science degree completion and career selection. However, little is known about the conditions that support early scientific interest. Using a “funds of knowledge” theoretical framework, this study examined the role of parents, family, and extended social networks in fostering early interest in science. Using interview narratives from 116 scientists (physicists and chemists) in the United States, we conducted a qualitative thematic content analysis. Findings suggest that children who become scientists in adulthood often received early, informal opportunities to use and manipulate material objects and discover how the world works. Second, families used a wide variety of scientific terms at home and encouraged children to pursue their interests whether in science or other fields. Third, these future scientists were often networked with extended family members or friends to observe and do science when they were quite young. Collectively, these findings highlight the specific ways in which families fostered early scientific interest and aided in supporting a student-directed learning environment.

The need to strengthen the educative role of parents: Some implications drawn from educational productivity research

1995 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
Jeff Dorman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Learning Environment ◽  
Television Viewing ◽  
The United States ◽  
Home Learning Environment ◽  
Educational Productivity ◽  
Home Learning ◽  
Role Of Parents

This article considers the empirical results of educational productivity research conducted by a team of researchers from Australia and the United States in the mid 1980s. Based on nine factors identified by this research, three issues that highlight the important educative role of parents, namely, the quality of the home learning environment, homework support and monitoring television viewing are discussed.

scholarly journals Specific features of using social media in presidential campaigns in 2016 and 2020 in the USA: a comparative analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 172-180
Author(s):  
D. Klyuchevskiy
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Presidential Election ◽  
Political Process ◽  
The United States ◽  
Political Marketing ◽  
Theoretical Contribution ◽  
The Us

The purpose of this article is to analyze the experience of using social networks as a political marketing tool in the US presidential elections. This article partially touches upon the global topic of marketization and digitalization of both the political process in general and at the level of the US presidential election. The paper highlights the changing role of social media as a policy tool, which today has become not only a tool for distributing content, but also one of the tools for analyzing data from the electorate. The author explores the possibilities of social networks, their strengths and weaknesses and development prospects in the field of political marketing. The work touches upon the role of social networks in the formation of «Electronic Democracy», their impact on the candidate's image and the relationship with the personalization of politics in the United States. The main method in the article is comparative analysis. The result was the definition of the role, key features of the mentioned social networks in the field of modern politics. A certain theoretical contribution is seen in the argumentation of the following observations: the speed of interaction between the candidate and the voter through social networks has increased, in addition, the area of image-making has been partially «digitalized». It was revealed that technologies of information influence on American voters, which positively influenced the results of the 2016 presidential election for the Republican candidate, lowered D. Trump's ratings during the 2020 elections.

scholarly journals PREVENTION OF BLEEDING ASSOCIATED WITH LATE VITAMIN K DEFICIENCY IN INFANTS OF THE FIRST THREE MONTHS OF LIFE - TACTICS OF REDUCTION OF DEATHS AND DISABILITY

2020 ◽  
pp. 52-60
Author(s):  
M. M. Kiselovа
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin K ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hemorrhagic Disease ◽  
Vitamin K Deficiency ◽  
Chronic Cholestasis ◽  
K Deficiency ◽  
Prophylactic Use ◽  
Role Of Parents ◽  
Current Guidelines

The article, intended for neonatologists, general practitioners, family medicine, pediatricians, presents the main causes of disorders in the hemostasis system, which lead to the development of hemorrhagic syndrome in newborns and infants. Emphasis is placed on various forms of neonatal hemorrhagic disease (NHD), which is based on a deficiency of fat-soluble vitamin K. The main risk group for bleeding associated with late vitamin K deficiency is formed by children who are exclusively breastfed. The article presents modern approaches to the prevention of late bleeding associated with vitamin K deficiency, which is based on chronic problems of the digestive system – chronic cholestasis, cystic fibrosis and others. Describes and interprets current guidelines for the prophylactic use of vitamin K in infants in the first three months of life in European countries of high economic development, the United States, which reflects various effective schemes for the prevention of bleeding associated with vitamin K deficiency in infants, differing in single dose application of a preventive course and a way of administration of vitamin K (phytomenadione). The role of parents in the prevention of vitamin K deficiency in infants who are breastfed is emphasized.

scholarly journals Digitalization of the Economy: the New Role of Social Media

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 006-026
Author(s):  
Rustem M. Nureev ◽  
◽  
Islam D. Surkhaev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Electoral System ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Finance Management ◽  
Conflicting Information

The article is devoted to the analysis of social networks, the role of which is constantly growing in the context of the digitalization of the economy. The Internet has become an important prerequisite for their spread. If at the beginning of 1990, even in the most developed countries, less than 1% of the population used the Internet, then by 2020 the level of its prevalence in North America and Western Europe exceeded 90%, and in the countries of East, Southeast and West Asia, and Latin America has exceeded 2/3. We live in a rapidly changing world, when the number of active Internet users exceeded 4.66 billion people in early 2021. The speed of obtaining information is currently an important factor in economic activity. Therefore, contacts are growing rapidly, which is reflected in e-mail, which has become an integral part of modern life, pushing far back other forms of communication (newspapers, mail, telegraph, etc.). The rapid acceleration of conflicting information increases the risk of decision-making, many of which must be made in the face of uncertainty. With the growth of social networks, the density of contacts increases and the importance of a fuller use of network benefits increases. Not only is the number of participants changing, but so is the quantity and quality of the most popular websites. Citizens of modern states are more informed than their previous generations. Conducting an electoral system under such conditions turns out to be a task with many unknowns. In these conditions, voting manipulation takes on new features, which were clearly manifested during the American presidential campaigns in the United States in 2008, 2012, 2016. In addition, opportunities are being created to improve the quality of public finance management by increasing the openness of budgeting at the federal and regional levels, that is, the actual implementation of the Vernon Smith auction in practice, which will be an important step in the formation of a genuine civil society.

Home-schooling Learning Model in Order to Achieve Success- What's Different with Learning from Home? (Case Study on Students in The Pewaris Bangsa Home-schooling Community, Bandung)

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 00016
Author(s):  
Sanny Darman ◽  
Iip Saripah ◽  
Sardin Sardin
Keyword(s):  
Home Schooling ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Self Directed Learning ◽  
School Students ◽  
Self Regulated Learning ◽  
School Programs ◽  
Directed Learning ◽  
Role Of Parents

During the pandemic when people are pessimistic about learning to be done from home, the term home-schooling is in the spotlight. Many families actually choose home-schooling long before this condition occurs because they believe this learning model can bring success to their children. Is home-schooling the same as “learning from home”? Why homeschool students can succeed? By conducting case studies in the Pewaris Bangsa Home-schooling Community, through various series of interviews and observations of students, parents as well as community managers and collecting documentation, this research was conducted. The learning model of home-schooling students in the Pewaris Bangsa Home-schooling Community is different from learning from home carried out by formal schools during the pandemic as parents are entrusted with managing their children's learning, self-regulated learning and self-directed learning are more likely to occur than school students and the learning model that is carried out leads to the needs of students, not just teachers or school programs.  The success of students occurs because they have more motivation and the ability to self-regulate which is fostered by the role of parents and the environment.

scholarly journals Parents’ and teachers’ perspectives on changes in childcare quality in the United States, Russia and Finland

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Eeva Hujala ◽  
Janniina Vlasov ◽  
Tünde Szecsi
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Childcare Quality ◽  
Role Of Parents ◽  
Quality Of Childcare ◽  
Teachers Perspectives ◽  
Structural Aspects

<p>This article reports on the findings of a follow-up study, which examined parents’ and teachers’ perspectives regarding the quality of childcare for 3- to 5-year-old children in the United States, Russia and Finland between 1991 and 2011. The study aims to address a gap in early childhood education (ECE) research by examining how the quality of ECE has changed in international settings over the past decades, thus expanding comprehension of the diversity within the ECE phenomena and its culture-specific nature. With a focus on the quality of ECE, this study examines the parents’ and teachers’ perspectives on key elements of the implementation of ECE in childcare centres: programme structure, curriculum goals, the role of parents and teachers as partners in children’s lives, as well as children’s satisfaction with their childcare. The results indicate that there have been differences in ECE quality between the studied societies both in structural aspects as well as in process and effect factors in all data collection cohorts. It seems that ECE quality and the changes within it may be connected to ECE policy based on the societal values. The results suggest that to understand ECE and its pedagogy, one has to be aware of the value-laden cultural contexts in a society</p>

scholarly journals The Role of Full and Half Day Preschool Attendance in the Formation of Children’s Social Networks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Watling Neal ◽  
Brian Brutzman ◽  
C. Emily Durbin
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Network Formation ◽  
Social Play ◽  
The United States ◽  
Preschool Attendance ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Full Day ◽  
Over Time

In the United States, the duration of children’s preschool attendance differs, with some children attending full-day preschool and some children attending half-day preschool. This difference provides uneven daily exposure to peers that may have implications for childhood social outcomes, including the formation of social networks over time. In this study, we examined the role of full and half day preschool attendance in children’s social network formation. Specifically, using stochastic actor-oriented modeling, we analyzed longitudinal social network data from an intensive observational study of 25 3-year-old and 28 4-year-old students’ social play relationships in two preschool classrooms over the course of an entire school year. Full-day preschool attendance had a negative effect on the formation of children’s social play relationships over time for 3-year-olds but not 4-year-olds. Specifically, 3-year-old children who attended full-day preschool were less likely than their half-day peers to be selected as playmates. We discuss potential developmental and contextual factors that might explain this finding as well as future directions for research.

scholarly journals The Role of Community Support and Social Networks Among Marginalized Groups in Later Life

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 40-41
Author(s):  
Samuel Van Vleet
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Community Support ◽  
Later Life ◽  
The United States ◽  
Marginalized Communities ◽  
Marginalized Groups ◽  
Final Sample ◽  
Regression Techniques ◽  
Race Ethnicity

Abstract As the aging population in the United States continues to grow, so does the need for advancement and critical research to better understand later life experiences. The presence of cumulative disadvantages among racial minorities can often lead to later life health disparities. The goal of this study is to assess the role that social networks and community support play in later life health for marginalized communities. Data from the National Health and Aging Trends Study were analyzed using general linear regression techniques. This allowed for better understanding into the relationships between community support, social networks, race/ethnicity and self-reported health. The final sample included 3,857 participants aged 65 and older. After controlling for other variables, community support and social networks had statistically significant positive relationship with later life health. Race/ethnicity was the strongest predictor of worse later life health. The results of this study show the importance of later life social support for predicting health scores. White participants not only maintained higher health scores as compared to Black and Hispanic participants, but they also reported higher levels of social networks and community support. Findings from this study help build upon the literature regarding community support and social networks in later life.

The World Declaration of the Rights of the Child: Anticipated Challenges

1993 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 1011-1022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammadreza Hojat
Keyword(s):  
Child Care ◽  
Children's Rights ◽  
The United States ◽  
Children’S Rights ◽  
Rights Of The Child ◽  
History Of ◽  
Role Of Parents ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Early Parent

The United Nations (UN) Convention on the Rights of the Child which was unanimously adopted by the UN General Assembly is described as a memorable chapter in the history of human civilization. This landmark document has neither been ratified by the United States nor publicized by child health professionals and media. A few of the Convention's guidelines related to early parent-child relations are briefly cited and the role of parents, particularly that of mothers, in protecting their children's rights is discussed. The author anticipates implementation of the guidelines might generate conflict of interest among groups with nontraditional views on family and child care and challenges to the implementations of the guidelines could therefore be expected. Among the reasons for such anticipated challenges are the ongoing controversial and emotional arguments in the literature on child development concerning maternal paid employment and alternative child care, changing views and emphasis on a new definition of marriage, family and motherhood by feminist groups, and inadequate educational indoctrination on child-care issues among some family physicians and pediatricians. The guidelines should not be buried under personal agendas, organizational biases, wishful thinking, ignorance, and political considerations Finally, the obligation of professionals in health and human services as well as State authorities to support positive ideology on children's rights is discussed.

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