scholarly journals Digitalization of the Economy: the New Role of Social Media

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 006-026
Author(s):  
Rustem M. Nureev ◽  
◽  
Islam D. Surkhaev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Electoral System ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Finance Management ◽  
Conflicting Information

The article is devoted to the analysis of social networks, the role of which is constantly growing in the context of the digitalization of the economy. The Internet has become an important prerequisite for their spread. If at the beginning of 1990, even in the most developed countries, less than 1% of the population used the Internet, then by 2020 the level of its prevalence in North America and Western Europe exceeded 90%, and in the countries of East, Southeast and West Asia, and Latin America has exceeded 2/3. We live in a rapidly changing world, when the number of active Internet users exceeded 4.66 billion people in early 2021. The speed of obtaining information is currently an important factor in economic activity. Therefore, contacts are growing rapidly, which is reflected in e-mail, which has become an integral part of modern life, pushing far back other forms of communication (newspapers, mail, telegraph, etc.). The rapid acceleration of conflicting information increases the risk of decision-making, many of which must be made in the face of uncertainty. With the growth of social networks, the density of contacts increases and the importance of a fuller use of network benefits increases. Not only is the number of participants changing, but so is the quantity and quality of the most popular websites. Citizens of modern states are more informed than their previous generations. Conducting an electoral system under such conditions turns out to be a task with many unknowns. In these conditions, voting manipulation takes on new features, which were clearly manifested during the American presidential campaigns in the United States in 2008, 2012, 2016. In addition, opportunities are being created to improve the quality of public finance management by increasing the openness of budgeting at the federal and regional levels, that is, the actual implementation of the Vernon Smith auction in practice, which will be an important step in the formation of a genuine civil society.

scholarly journals Development and Application of Online Courseware for English Teaching

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (03) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Shansong Huang
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Automatic Generation ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Student Needs ◽  
Generation System ◽  
Teaching Activities

Since the second decade of the 21st century, the rapid development of computer information technology promoted the internet use throughout society. We are now in an era in which life and learning are closely intertwined with the internet. In Western Europe, the United States, and other developed countries, teaching activities by online multimedia and offline technology have been long implemented. However, local online automatic generation software is inflicted with many issues, particularly, with the inability to meet the most student needs. Hence, we developed a new online courseware generation system to address this problem. After testing, the system functioned effectively, and the educational effect enhanced significantly.

scholarly journals Psychoanaliza i patriarchalizm. Uwagi na temat emancypacyjnego przesłania teorii Freuda w kontekście dziejów psychoanalizy w Polsce 1900–1939

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 393-414
Author(s):  
Paweł Dybel
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
First Case ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Developed Countries

Psychoanalysis and patriarchalism. Comments on the emancipation claim of Freud’s theory within the history of psychoanalysis in Poland 1900–1939: The article is a polemic with how Eli Zaretsky captures the role of Freud’s psychoanalysis in transforming the self-knowledge of modern societies in his Secrets of the soul. According to Zaretsky, in Central European countries, Poland included, psychoanalysis then served in the democratization of social life and led to the destruction of the patriarchal order; while in Western countries it became medicated, becoming a tool of social control. The author considers both of these claims to be problematic. In the first case, this is due to the limited social impact of Freud’s theory until 1939, in the second, basing this theory on patients’ personal unconscious, it supported their release from the influence of tradition and served them in making free life decisions. This was because in the period up to 1939, in the countries of Central Europe, the second industrial revolution was not as advanced as in the developed countries of Western Europe and the United States. So only in these last countries has psychoanalysis become socially popular and one has witnessed the dynamic development of the psychoanalytic movement.

scholarly journals Volunteering and Cognitive Health Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults: The Mediating Role of Friendship

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 415-416
Author(s):  
Changmin Peng ◽  
Jeffrey Burr ◽  
Sae Hwang Han ◽  
Kyungmin Kim ◽  
Jan Mutchler
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
The United States ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Cognitive Health ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Middle Aged Adults

Abstract We lack knowledge about the underlying mechanisms that link formal volunteering to cognitive health. Friendships can be formed and improved through volunteering. Friendship is also beneficial to cognitive health as it often involves sharing information and promoting social interactions. This study investigated the potential mediating role of friendship (i.e., the number of close friends and the quality of friendships) for the association between volunteering (i.e., volunteering status and volunteering hours) and episodic memory among middle-aged and older adults in the United States, using data from the 2014 wave of the Health and Retirement Study (N = 6,029). Moderated mediation models were employed to test the mediation role of friendship for the association between volunteering and cognition for two age groups, middle-aged adults (age 50-64, n = 2,441) and older adults (age 65+, n = 3,588). The results showed that the quality of friendships, but not the number of close friends, mediated the relationship between volunteering (both status and hours) and episodic memory for middle-aged adults. However, mediation effects of friendship were not discovered for older adults. Our findings emphasize the important role of the quality of friendship in understanding the cognitive benefit of volunteering among middle-aged adults. For older adults, the nonsignificant effects of friendship may be consistent with socioemotional selectivity theory, suggesting that older adults may not use volunteering to expand their social networks. Instead, they may participate in volunteer work for other reasons in the context of shrinking social networks.

Physical capital stock, technological upgrading and modernisation in Hungary

2005 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Szalavetz
Keyword(s):  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Physical Capital ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Technology Generation ◽  
Development Policies ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Physical Capital Accumulation

This paper discusses the relation between the quality and quantity indicators of physical capital and modernisation. While international academic literature emphasises the role of intangible factors enabling technology generation and absorption rather than that of physical capital accumulation, this paper argues that the quantity and quality of physical capital are important modernisation factors, particularly in the case of small, undercapitalised countries that recently integrated into the world economy. The paper shows that in Hungary, as opposed to developed countries, the technological upgrading of capital assets was not necessarily accompanied by the upgrading of human capital i.e. the thesis of capital skill complementarity did not apply to the first decade of transformation and capital accumulation in Hungary. Finally, the paper shows that there are large differences between the average technological levels of individual industries. The dualism of the Hungarian economy, which is also manifest in terms of differences in the size of individual industries' technological gaps, is a disadvantage from the point of view of competitiveness. The increasing differences in the size of the technological gaps can be explained not only with industry-specific factors, but also with the weakness of technology and regional development policies, as well as with institutional deficiencies.

Biopsychosocial Patterning of Multimorbidity and Its Consequences

2018 ◽  
pp. 220-236
Author(s):  
Elliot Friedman ◽  
Beth LeBreton ◽  
Lindsay Fuzzell ◽  
Elizabeth Wehrpsann
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Functional Outcomes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chronic Medical Conditions ◽  
Quality Of Life Research ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Over Time

By many estimates the majority of adults over age 65 have two or more chronic medical conditions (multimorbidity) and are consequently at increased risk of adverse functional outcomes. Nonetheless, many older adults with multimorbidity are able to maintain high levels of function and retain good quality of life. Research presented here is designed to understand the influences that help ensure better functional outcomes in these older adults. This chapter presents findings that draw on data from the Midlife in the United States study. The independent and interactive contributions of diverse factors to multimorbidity and changes in multimorbidity over time are reviewed. The degree that multimorbidity increases risk of cognitive impairment and disability is examined. The role of inflammation as a mediator is considered. Multimorbidity is increasingly the norm for older adults, so better understanding of factors contributing to variability in multimorbidity-related outcomes can lead to improved quality of life.

Foundations of International Aid

1960 ◽  
Vol 329 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-143
Author(s):  
Jane M. Hoey
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
International Aid ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Moral Foundations ◽  
Economic Progress ◽  
Political Independence ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
The Individual

The newly developing countries desire not only political independence but also economic progress for their people—a progress which they can see, and are now aware of, in the rest of the world. The role of the developed countries is to extend aid to the needy. Moral foundations underlie the donor's contributions, but they are more than that, they are the means for acquiring support for international aid in the donor's country. The United States must assume the leader ship among' the free nations in granting aid; she must accept this role because of her economic achievements and technologi cal advantages. Donators of such aid should take cognizance of the complementary character and interrelatedness of economic and social development. For economic development, however much it is sought, is not an end in itself, rather the aim is the well-being and happiness of the individual. Such a goal neces sitates economic aid accompanied by social aid. Social welfare can also be a vehicle to achieve peace, inasmuch as people-to- people relationships generate brotherly love—the only lasting foundation for peace.—Ed.

Communication in social networks of St. Petersburg as a means of adaptation of ethnocultural communities

Litera ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 38-55
Author(s):  
Rivaa Mukhammad Salem Alsalibi
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Ethnic Communities ◽  
Sense Of Security ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Development Prospects

The subject of this research is the specifics, forms and functions of interaction in social media groups between the representatives of ethnic communities. The goal consists in determination of the role of social networks in adaptation of ethnocultural communities of St. Petersburg. The research is based on the polling technique for acquisition of information on the cognitive, emotional, and behavioral state of a person. The survey was conducted via distribution of questionnaires among the representatives of ethnic groups. The article also employs the method of systematic scientific observation over the social media groups, topic raised therein, as well as reading and analysis of the comments. The scientific novelty of this work consists in outlining of the nature, trends and development prospects of cross-cultural communications as the channel for ethnocultural interaction.  The main conclusions, which touch upon users from various ethnic communities who do not have enough experience in organization of activity of social media groups, demonstrate that it causes the loss of the sense of security, accumulation of prejudices and escalation of interethnic conflicts, as well as preference of the with restricted access, which contributes to lock down of the group and impedes adaptation in the accepting society. Stabilization of situation can be achieved by improvement of the quality of content posted in the social media, as well as level of their administration.

scholarly journals The position of the Internet and cyberspace in social communications: an approach to the role of virtual social networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-94
Author(s):  
Reza Abedi ◽  
Fatemeh Daneshvar Muhammadzadegan ◽  
Roqayyeh Sadat Hosseini Kerman ◽  
Fatemeh Miri Kolah Kaj
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Virtual Space ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Good Opportunity ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Social Communications ◽  
The Social ◽  
Online Spaces ◽  
Proper Training

With an ever-increasing development of internet communications, human reactions have interred a new phase. The results of these communications are a most significant matter considered by the sociologists. Using the internet is developing and forms a significant part of individuals` lives. The advantages and disadvantages of this easiness in communicating and traveling through boundaries should be considered. Breaking the norms happened in the light of these reactions should be discussed, also increasing in awareness and availability to information, joining to global information networks and communication is another face of this placeless and timelessness. This contrasting face challenges the position of cyber space in the social communications, a challenge of which there is no escape by the society. In this research it is an attempt to criticize this challenge through criticizing the position of internet and to consider the role of social networks. We suppose that it is not possible to neglect the advantages of virtual space in developing a new level of human occasions but via this method lack of proper awareness in principle using of it results in some problems which should be covered by a proper training and comprehensive informing. Online spaces penetrate in human`s life in an extended way and it is a good opportunity to have good use from social networks as the basic condition. The results of this presence form reaction in individuals which will be considered in the present study.

scholarly journals Jornadas Diferenciadas

Plural ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-144
Author(s):  
Angelo Martins Junior
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Global South ◽  
Social Differences ◽  
Global North ◽  
Social Markers ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Different Levels

This article question generic homogenising representations of ‘the migrant’ by providing an examination of the multivalent ways in which social differences contours migration processes. Migration scholars often reproduce generic homogenising typologies of ‘migrants’, such as the two opposing migrant analogies ‘from the Global South’ (‘the transnational migrant’, who flows through social networks from the Global South to the developed North, seeking economic gains) and ‘from the Global North’ (‘the lifestyle migrant’, who chooses to migrate from developed countries to places they believe offers them the potential of a better quality of life). Through the examination of the journeys of Brazilians in London, this article draws attention to the connections and contexts of both sending and receiving societies, as well as the diversity existing within the Brazilian population abroad. As is argued within this paper, such an analysis allows for better understanding of how the experiences of Brazilians in London are directly shaped by the intersection of multiple social markers, resulting in what I call ‘differentiated journeys’. Brazilians navigate different levels of constraints and constantly re-formulate their journeys due to their class, gender, nationality and documental status. This allow us to frame migratory experiences beyond generalizing and homogenising representations. The empirical research combines an 18-month ethnography in places of leisure with 33 in-depth interviews with Brazilians in London.

scholarly journals The Value of Citizen Science in Increasing Our Knowledge of Under-Sampled Biodiversity: An Overview of Public Documentation of Auchenorrhyncha and the Hoppers of North Carolina

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle D. Kittelberger ◽  
Solomon V. Hendrix ◽  
Çağan Hakkı Şekercioğlu
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Citizen Science ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
The United States ◽  
Undescribed Species ◽  
The Past ◽  
Global Biodiversity ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

Due to the increasing popularity of websites specializing in nature documentation, there has been a surge in the number of people enthusiastic about observing and documenting nature over the past 2 decades. These citizen scientists are recording biodiversity on unprecedented temporal and spatial scales, rendering data of tremendous value to the scientific community. In this study, we investigate the role of citizen science in increasing knowledge of global biodiversity through the examination of notable contributions to the understanding of the insect suborder Auchenorrhyncha, also known as true hoppers, in North America. We have compiled a comprehensive summary of citizen science contributions—published and unpublished—to the understanding of hopper diversity, finding over fifty previously unpublished country and state records as well as dozens of undescribed and potentially undescribed species. We compare citizen science contributions to those published in the literature as well as specimen records in collections in the United States and Canada, illuminating the fact that the copious data afforded by citizen science contributions are underutilized. We also introduce the website Hoppers of North Carolina, a revolutionary new benchmark for tracking hopper diversity, disseminating knowledge from the literature, and incorporating citizen science. Finally, we provide a series of recommendations for both the entomological community and citizen science platforms on how best to approach, utilize, and increase the quality of sightings from the general public.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document