scholarly journals Maximizing Health or Sufficient Capability in Economic Evaluation? A Methodological Experiment of Treatment for Drug Addiction

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 498-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilias Goranitis ◽  
Joanna Coast ◽  
Ed Day ◽  
Alex Copello ◽  
Nick Freemantle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Drug Addiction ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Economic Evaluations ◽  
Health And Social Care ◽  
Evaluative Space ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Decision Making Rule

Conventional practice within the United Kingdom and beyond is to conduct economic evaluations with “health” as evaluative space and “health maximization” as the decision-making rule. However, there is increasing recognition that this evaluative framework may not always be appropriate, and this is particularly the case within public health and social care contexts. This article presents a methodological case study designed to explore the impact of changing the evaluative space within an economic evaluation from health to capability well-being and the decision-making rule from health maximization to the maximization of sufficient capability. Capability well-being is an evaluative space grounded on Amartya Sen’s capability approach and assesses well-being based on individuals’ ability to do and be the things they value in life. Sufficient capability is an egalitarian approach to decision making that aims to ensure everyone in society achieves a normatively sufficient level of capability well-being. The case study is treatment for drug addiction, and the cost-effectiveness of 2 psychological interventions relative to usual care is assessed using data from a pilot trial. Analyses are undertaken from a health care and a government perspective. For the purpose of the study, quality-adjusted life years (measured using the EQ-5D-5L) and years of full capability equivalent and years of sufficient capability equivalent (both measured using the ICECAP-A [ICEpop CAPability measure for Adults]) are estimated. The study concludes that different evaluative spaces and decision-making rules have the potential to offer opposing treatment recommendations. The implications for policy makers are discussed.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF ECONOMIC ANALYSIS METHODS ON PROJECT DECISION-MAKING IN AIRPORT PAVEMENT MANAGEMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 11-19
Author(s):  
Buhaaldeen Mohammed Zaki ◽  
Peyman Babashamsi ◽  
Aini Hazwani Shahrir ◽  
Abdalrhman Milad ◽  
Noor Halizah Abdullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Pavement Management ◽  
Economic Evaluations ◽  
Analysis Methods ◽  
Airport Pavement ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Project Decision

Airports are a part of the world transportation network. Huge investments are made annually for airport pavement construction, maintenances and  rehabilitations. The idea of integrating life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA) and life cycle assessment (LCA) is the latest approach to develop a method for assessing pavement sustainability. In this regard, research on economic evaluation analysis methods has resulted in the development and improvement of pavement management systems (PMS). This paper compares two main economic evaluations which mainly could use in LCCA namely net future value (NFV) and net present Value (NPV). To indicate the effect of economic evaluation a case study is examined. In this research LCCA comprises three main components which are direct costs, indirect costs, and salvage value. Airport Revenue Reduction Cost (ARRC) and Airline Delay Cost (ADC) considered as two specific indirect/user costs. The results show the impact of different economic analysis method on project decision-making where the use of crack sealing overlay (CSOL) is 35.8% and 28.3% more cost-effective than Portland cement concrete (PCC) and hot-mix asphalt (HMA), respectively.

scholarly journals A cost–benefit analysis framework for preventive health interventions to aid decision-making in Australian governments

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaithri Ananthapavan ◽  
Marj Moodie ◽  
Andrew Milat ◽  
Lennert Veerman ◽  
Elizabeth Whittaker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Preventive Health ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Economic Evaluations ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Analysis Framework ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Australian governments are increasingly mandating the use of cost–benefit analysis (CBA) to inform the efficient allocation of government resources. CBA is likely to be useful when evaluating preventive health interventions that are often cross-sectoral in nature and require Cabinet approval prior to implementation. This study outlines a CBA framework for the evaluation of preventive health interventions that balances the need for consistency with other agency guidelines whilst adhering to guidelines and conventions for health economic evaluations. Methods We analysed CBA and other evaluation guidance documents published by Australian federal and New South Wales (NSW) government departments. Data extraction compared the recommendations made by different agencies and the impact on the analysis of preventive health interventions. The framework specifies a reference case and sensitivity analyses based on the following considerations: (1) applied economic evaluation theory; (2) consistency between CBA across different government departments; (3) the ease of moving from a CBA to a more conventional cost-effectiveness/cost-utility analysis framework often used for health interventions; (4) the practicalities of application; and (5) the needs of end users being both Cabinet decision-makers and health policy-makers. Results Nine documents provided CBA or relevant economic evaluation guidance. There were differences in terminology and areas of agreement and disagreement between the guidelines. Disagreement between guidelines involved (1) the community included in the societal perspective; (2) the number of options that should be appraised in ex ante analyses; (3) the appropriate time horizon for interventions with longer economic lives; (4) the theoretical basis and value of the discount rate; (5) parameter values for variables such as the value of a statistical life; and (6) the summary measure for decision-making. Conclusions This paper addresses some of the methodological challenges that have hindered the use of CBA in prevention by outlining a framework that is consistent with treasury department guidelines whilst considering the unique features of prevention policies. The effective use and implementation of a preventive health CBA framework is likely to require considerable investment of time and resources from state and federal government departments of health and treasury but has the potential to improve decision-making related to preventive health policies and programmes.

Economic evaluation in global health

2018 ◽  
pp. 25-28
Author(s):  
Catherine Pitt ◽  
Josephine Borghi ◽  
Kara Hanson
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Economic Evaluations ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Key Steps ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Differential Timing

This chapter sets out the key steps in undertaking an economic evaluation: framing the study; measuring and valuing the costs and effects of the chosen interventions; and key elements within analysis, such as adjusting for differential timing, estimating the impact of uncertainty through sensitivity analysis, and modelling. The chapter also discusses the use of economic evaluation for decision making, the presentation of findings, and challenges with economic evaluations, and provides some key references. The chapter concludes by looking at future priorities, outlining how increased conduct and use of economic evaluation in low- and middle-income countries will help optimise the use of limited resources to improve health.

scholarly journals Decision-Making Processes in Controlling Exposure to Sunlight Supported by Simulation Tools: A Case Study in Warm Weather

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 4100
Author(s):  
Mariana Huskinson ◽  
Antonio Galiano-Garrigós ◽  
Ángel Benigno González-Avilés ◽  
M. Isabel Pérez-Millán
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Global Analysis ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Information Modeling ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Evaluation Tool ◽  
Simulation Tools ◽  
Building Information ◽  
The Impact

Improving the energy performance of existing buildings is one of the main strategies defined by the European Union to reduce global energy costs. Amongst the actions to be carried out in buildings to achieve this objective is working with passive measures adapted to each type of climate. To assist designers in the process of finding appropriate solutions for each building and location, different tools have been developed and since the implementation of building information modeling (BIM), it has been possible to perform an analysis of a building’s life cycle from an energy perspective and other types of analysis such as a comfort analysis. In the case of Spain, the first BIM environment tool has been implemented that deals with the global analysis of a building’s behavior and serves as an alternative to previous methods characterized by their lack of both flexibility and information offered to designers. This paper evaluates and compares the official Spanish energy performance evaluation tool (Cypetherm) released in 2018 using a case study involving the installation of sunlight control devices as part of a building refurbishment. It is intended to determine how databases and simplifications affect the designer’s decision-making. Additionally, the yielded energy results are complemented by a comfort analysis to explore the impact of these improvements from a users’ wellbeing viewpoint. At the end of the process the yielded results still confirm that the simulation remains far from reality and that simulation tools can indeed influence the decision-making process.

Measuring the Impact of a Full Service Grocery Store in a Food Desert

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-176
Author(s):  
Kellie Schneider ◽  
Diana Cuy Castellanos ◽  
Felix Fernando ◽  
Jeanne A. Holcomb
Keyword(s):  
Systems Engineering ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Food Deserts ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Grocery Store ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Health And Well Being

Food deserts, areas in which it is difficult to obtain affordable, nutritious food, are especially problematic in low-income neighbourhoods. One model for addressing food hardship and unemployment issues within low-income food deserts is a cooperative grocery store. Through the cooperative model, the grocery store can serve as a cornerstone to address socio-economic marginalisation of low-income neighbourhoods and improve the health and well-being of its residents. It is important for communities and policymakers to be able to assess the effectiveness of these types of endeavours beyond traditional economic factors such as profitability. This article uses a systems engineering approach to develop a framework for measuring the holistic impact of a cooperative grocery store on community health and well-being. This framework encompasses values that characterise the relationship between food retail, economic viability and social equality. We develop a dashboard to display the key metrics for measuring the economic, social and environmental indicators that reflect a grocery store’s social impact. We demonstrate the usefulness of the framework through a case study of a full-service cooperative grocery store that is planned within the city of Dayton, OH.

scholarly journals Alternative Friendships to Improve Men’s Health Status. The Impact of the New Alternative Masculinities’ Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 2188
Author(s):  
Oriol Ríos-González ◽  
Mimar Ramis-Salas ◽  
Juan Carlos Peña-Axt ◽  
Sandra Racionero-Plaza
Keyword(s):  
Physical Health ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Healthy Behaviors ◽  
Physical Health Problems ◽  
Alternative Masculinities ◽  
The Impact

Background: Men who develop behaviors connected with the model of hegemonic masculinity present several health problems. Previous research has shown the types of problems that men commonly suffer in this regard such as chronic diseases, dietary disorders, and traffic accidents. To combat and overcome this situation, several campaigns, policies and recommendations have been undertaken, and consequently, their influence has been analyzed. However, there have been few investigations into the role of men’s friendship in the reduction of these physical health problems. The findings presented in this article are focused on this issue, illustrating the impact of male friendship on the shaping of healthy behaviors. Methods: Drawing upon a qualitative-based methodology articulated in a case study of the Men in Dialogue association, located in Spain, the study has followed the premises of the communicative approach, a total of 15 structured online open-ended questionnaires have been performed and analyzed. The median age of the participants is 37.5 years. Results: The findings show how men involved in Men in Dialogue are promoting a kind of masculine friendship that is improving men’s emotional well-being and, consequently, their physical health.

Impact of CEDIT recommendations: An example of health technology assessment in a hospital network

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florence Bodeau-Livinec ◽  
Emmanuelle Simon ◽  
Catherine Montagnier-Petrissans ◽  
Marie-Eve Joël ◽  
Elisabeth Féry-Lemonnier
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Technology Assessment ◽  
Health Technology ◽  
Technological Innovations ◽  
Administrative Staff ◽  
Good Match ◽  
French Hospital ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Widespread Interest

Objectives: The objective of this study is to assess the impact of CEDIT (French Committee for the Assessment and Dissemination of Technological Innovations) recommendations on the introduction of technological innovations within the AP-HP (Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris), the French hospital network to which this body is attached.Methods: In 2002, a study based on semidirective interviews of fourteen people affected by these recommendations and a case study relating to thirteen recommendations issued between 1995 and 1998 were conducted.Results: The CEDIT is very scientifically reputable among interviewees. There is generally widespread interest for the recommendations. They are used as decision-making tools by administrative staff and as negotiating instruments by doctors in their dealings with management. Based on the case study, ten of thirteen recommendations had an impact on the introduction of the technology in health establishments. One recommendation appears not to have had an impact. Furthermore, the impact of two technologies was impossible to assess.Conclusions: This study highlights the significant impact of recommendations arising from a structure that is attached to a hospital network and the good match between CEDIT's objectives and its assignments.

scholarly journals Lessons Learned From an Early Hotspot During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 000313482199475
Author(s):  
Brett M. Chapman ◽  
George M. Fuhrman
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Surgical Education ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Educational Environment ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Residency Programs ◽  
Surgical Residency ◽  
The Impact

The Covid-19 pandemic has provided challenges for surgical residency programs demanding fluid decision making focused on providing care for our patients, maintaining an educational environment, and protecting the well-being of our residents. This brief report summarizes the impact of the impact on our residency programs clinical care and education. We have identified opportunities to improve our program using videoconferencing, managing recruitment, and maintaining a satisfactory caseload to ensure the highest possible quality of surgical education.

scholarly journals A conceptual simulation workflow to guide design decisions regarding the effects of daylight on occupants’ alertness

2021 ◽  
Vol 2042 (1) ◽  
pp. 012116
Author(s):  
Pierson Clotilde ◽  
Soto Magán Victoria Eugenia ◽  
Aarts Mariëlle ◽  
Andersen Marilyne
Keyword(s):  
Light Exposure ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Spectral Simulation ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
Computational Tools ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Recent developments in the lighting research field have demonstrated the importance of a proper exposure to light to mediate several of our behavioral and physiological responses. However, we spend nowadays around 90% of our time indoors with an often quite limited access to bright daylight. To be able to anticipate how much the built environment actually influences our light exposure, and how much it may ultimately impact our health, well-being, and productivity, new computational tools are needed. In this paper, we present a first attempt at a simulation workflow that integrates a spectral simulation tool with a light-driven prediction model of alertness. The goal is to optimize the effects of light on building occupants, by informing the decision makers about the impact of different design choices. The workflow is applied to a case study to provide an example of what learnings can be expected from it.

scholarly journals Organizational conflicts in hospitals and their impact on employee turnover: A case study of Jordan

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-216
Author(s):  
Akif Al-Khasawneh ◽  
Bassam Abu Khadar
Keyword(s):  
Employee Turnover ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Private Hospitals ◽  
Institute Of Public Administration ◽  
Work Pressure ◽  
High Level ◽  
Research Facilities ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Organizational Conflicts

The research aims to investigate the most common types of organizational conflicts among employees in private hospitals and discover the impact of organizational conflicts on employee turnover. The research outlined the relationship between the variables to present the idea of organizational conflicts and employee turnover. The hypotheses were tested using a survey data of 340 questionnaires distributed randomly to employees working in four private hospitals in Jordan. Random selection of private hospitals was made among eight hospitals in the northern governorates of Jordan (Irbid, Jerash, Mafraq, and Ajlun), which are considered the largest districts in the country. The collected data were analyzed using the SPSS program, and initial statistical techniques were applied. The results showed that the highest level of impact of organizational conflicts on the internal turnover of employees was related to the conflict between employees and direct supervisors. However, the highest level of the impact of organizational conflicts on the external turnover of employees was related to the conflict between employees and top management. The low-level job conflicts of employees were those with owners and middle management. Thus, to create stability, prevent work pressure, and retain employees, managers of private hospitals necessarily need to provide an appropriate work environment, develop high level of well-being, and decrease the workload. AcknowledgmentsWe would like to thank Al-Balqa Applied University in the Kingdom of Jordan and the Institute of Public Administration in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia for their kind support and for giving us access to the research facilities.

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