Evaluation of Epicillin in a Twice Daily Dosage Regimen in Acute Respiratory and Urinary Tract Infections

1974 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 289-292
Author(s):  
M M El-Mehairy ◽  
MB Cairo ◽  
A Shaker ◽  
F Fahmy ◽  
S Shawky Tadros
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Dosage Regimen ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Daily Dosage Regimen ◽  
The Common ◽  
Tract Infections

Epicillin was administered orally, using a twice daily dosage regimen, to a total of 266 patients suffering from mild to moderate respiratory or urinary tract infections. The dosage used was 500 mg twice daily in respiratory tract infections and 1000 mg twice daily in urinary tract infections. The incidence of adverse reactions was 10% in this study and with one exception all were mild to moderate in severity. Epicillin administered on a twice daily basis proved to be efficacious against the common sensitive pathogens responsible for infection of the respiratory and urinary tracts. An excellent response was reported in 49% of the patients, a good response obtained in 46% and a fair response was achieved in 4%. The advantages of a twice daily dosage regimen are pointed out.

scholarly journals 1118. Trends of Paediatric Prescribing for Common Infections in British Columbia

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S397-S397
Author(s):  
Ariana Saatchi ◽  
David M Patrick ◽  
James McCormack ◽  
Andrew Morris ◽  
Fawziah Marra
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Pediatric Care ◽  
Antibiotic Prescribing ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract Background Antibiotic prescribing in pediatric care is highly prevalent, and quite often children are prescribed for conditions which are commonly self-limiting and viral in etiology. The purpose of this study was to examine the scope of pediatric antibiotic prescribing by indication, from 2013 to 2016, and identify potential new targets for provincial antimicrobial stewardship efforts. Methods Antibiotic prescription data for children were extracted from a provincial prescription database, and linked to physician billing data in order to obtain diagnostic information. Prescription rates were then calculated, and trends were examined by indication. Major categories included: upper respiratory tract infection, acute otitis media, lower respiratory tract, skin and soft tissue, and urinary tract infections. Results Our database included an average of 244,763 children per year, and 5,896,173 total antibiotic prescriptions. Increased indication-specific rates of prescribing were observed in children aged 0–2 years, for every category. Children aged 3–18 years experienced decreased prescribing across all indications, with the exception of urinary tract infections for those aged between 10–18 years. Urinary tract infections increased by 134% for children aged 0–2 years, and 75% for those aged 10–18 years, from 2013 to 2016. Although antibiotic use for upper respiratory tract infections decreased by 11% for all ages, these diagnoses continue to be prescribed for at rates 2 – 5 times higher than other conditions. Conclusion Although this study found a decrease in prescribing over time across all indications, antibiotic use continues to be a concern for upper respiratory tract infections in pediatric care. These diagnoses generally do not require antibiotics, and inappropriate prescribing is a major factor in antimicrobial resistance. The increased prescribing rates in the youngest age group (0–2 years) offers a new target for provincial stewardship efforts. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Selection and co-selection of antibiotic resistances among Escherichia coli by antibiotic use in primary care: an ecological analysis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koen B Pouwels ◽  
Berit Muller-Pebody ◽  
Timo Smieszek ◽  
Susan Hopkins ◽  
Julie V Robotham
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Tract Infections

AbstractThe majority of studies that link antibiotic usage and resistance focus on simple associations between the resistance against a specific antibiotic and the use of that specific antibiotic. However, the relationship between antibiotic use and resistance is more complex. Here we evaluate which antibiotics, including those mainly prescribed for respiratory tract infections, are associated with increased resistance among Escherichia coli isolated from urinary samples.Monthly primary care prescribing data were obtained from National Health Service (NHS) Digital. Positive E. coli records from urine samples in English primary care (n=888,207) between April 2014 and January 2016 were obtained from the Second Generation Surveillance System. Elastic net regularization was used to evaluate associations between prescribing of different antibiotic groups and resistance against amoxicillin, cephalexin, ciprofloxacin, co-amoxiclav and nitrofurantoin at the clinical commissioning group (CCG) level. England is divided into 209 CCGs, with each NHS practice prolonging to one CCG.Amoxicillin prescribing (measured in DDD/ 1000 inhabitants / day) was positively associated with amoxicillin (RR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01 – 1.04) and ciprofloxacin (RR 1.09, 95% CI 1.04 – 1.17) resistance. In contrast, nitrofurantoin prescribing was associated with lower levels of resistance to amoxicillin (RR 0.92, 95% CI 0.84 – 0.97). CCGs with higher levels of trimethoprim prescribing also had higher levels of ciprofloxacin resistance (RR 1.34, 95% CI 1.10 – 1.59).Amoxicillin, which is mainly (and often unnecessarily) prescribed for respiratory tract infections is associated with increased resistance against various antibiotics among E. coli causing urinary tract infections. Our findings suggest that when predicting the potential impact of interventions on antibiotic resistances it is important to account for use of other antibiotics, including those typically used for other indications.Author summaryAntibiotic resistance is increasingly recognised as a threat to modern healthcare. Effective antibiotics are crucial for treatment of serious bacterial infections and are necessary to avoid that complicated surgical procedures and chemotherapy becoming life-threatening. Antibiotic use is one of the main drivers of antibiotic resistance. The majority of antibiotic prescriptions are prescribed in primary care, however, a large proportion of these antibiotic prescriptions are unnecessary. Understanding which antibiotics are causing antibiotic resistance to what extent is needed to prevent under- or over-investment in interventions lowering use of specific antibiotics, such as rapid diagnostic tests for respiratory tract infection.We have statistically evaluated which antibiotics are associated with higher and lower levels of antibiotic resistance against common antibiotics among Escherichia coli bacteria sampled from the urinary tract by comparing antibiotic prescribing and resistance in different geographical areas in England. Our model shows that amoxicillin, the most commonly used antibiotic in England and mainly used for respiratory tract infections, is associated with increased resistance against several other antibiotics among bacteria causing urinary tract infections. The methods used in this study, that overcome several of the limitations of previous studies, can be used to explore the complex relationships between antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance in other settings.

scholarly journals Sublingual Bacterial Vaccination Reduces Recurrent Infections in Patients With Autoimmune Diseases Under Immunosuppressant Treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Sánchez-Ramón ◽  
Lidia Fernández-Paredes ◽  
Paula Saz-Leal ◽  
Carmen M. Diez-Rivero ◽  
Juliana Ochoa-Grullón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Clinical Benefit ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Recurrent Infections ◽  
Biologic Dmards ◽  
Tract Infections

IntroductionConventional or biologic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) are the mainstay of treatment for systemic autoimmune disease (SAD). Infectious complications are a major concern in their use.ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical benefit of sublingual mucosal polybacterial vaccines (MV130 and MV140), used to prevent recurrent respiratory and urinary tract infections, in patients with SAD and secondary recurrent infections following conventional or biologic DMARDs.MethodsAn observational study in SAD patients with recurrent respiratory tract infections (RRTI) and/or recurrent urinary tract infections (RUTI) was carried out. All patients underwent mucosal (sublingual) vaccination with MV130 for RRTI or with MV140 for RUTI daily for 3 months. Clinical evaluation was assessed during 12 months of follow-up after the first dose, i.e., 3 months under treatment and 9 months once discontinued, and compared with the previous year.ResultsForty-one out of 55 patients completed 1-year follow-up. All patients were on either conventional or biologic DMARDs. A significant decrease in the frequency of RUTI (p<0.001), lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) (p=0.009) and upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) (p=0.006) at 12-mo with respect to the previous year was observed. Antibiotic prescriptions and unscheduled medical visits decreased significantly (p<0.020) in all groups. Hospitalization rate also declined in patients with RRTI (p=0.019). The clinical benefit demonstrated was concomitant to a significant increase in both anti-S. pneumoniae IgA and IgG antibodies following MV130 vaccination.ConclusionsSublingual polybacterial vaccines prevent recurrent infections in patients with SAD under treatment with immunosuppressant therapies, supporting a broad non-specific anti-infectious effect in these patients.

scholarly journals Recurrent Infections and Rash in a 6 Year Old Girl: A Case Report of Congenital C3 Defeciency

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-104
Author(s):  
Zahoor Hussain Daraz ◽  
Mohammad Imnul Islam ◽  
Shahana Akhtar Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Recurrent Infections ◽  
Pleural Thickening ◽  
Complement 3 ◽  
Tract Infections

Primary complement deficiencies are very rare and a case of 6 year old girl with complement 3 deficiency is reported here who presented with recurrent infections and rash since her early childhood. She had several episodes of respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections and various episodes of gastro enteritis and was treated subsequently every time with injectable antibiotics. Later she developed encysted hydropneumothorax with mild pleural thickening with compression collapse of adjacent right lung. On investigation complement 3 level was found below normal both in the patient and in her parents and younger sister. This case is reporting here in order to disseminate the message that underlying cause of recurrent infections could be primary immunodeficiency (C3). J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2020; 38(2): 101-104

Proportion of Three Types of Health Care Associated Infections among Hospitalized Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Sri Lanka

2021 ◽  
pp. 14-19
Author(s):  
M. B. M. R. D. T. Marapana ◽  
K. S. Dilrukshi ◽  
M. G. S. D Bandara ◽  
M. M. Weerasekara ◽  
J Kottahachchi
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Health Care Associated Infections ◽  
Tract Infections

Health care associated infections are considered as an indicator of quality and safety of health care institutions. The study aimed to determine the proportion of health care associated urinary tract infections, respiratory tract infections, surgical site infections, and to evaluate the association of medical devices and duration of hospitalization which predispose to health care associated infections. Four hundred and twenty three patients who stayed more than 48 hours or readmitted to surgical, medical, pediatric and gynecology wards in a tertiary care hospital in Sri Lanka during the study period were included in the study. Data extraction sheets were used and were filled with information obtained from bed head tickets and laboratory reports. A total of 79 (18.7%) patients had been diagnosed to have health care associated infection. The predominant type was respiratory tract infections 24 (30.4%) followed by urinary tract infections 21(26.6%), surgical site infections 17 (21.5%), and other infections 17 (21.5%). The highest proportion of urinary tract infections were seen in surgical wards (38.1%) whereas the highest proportion of respiratory tract infections were seen in medical wards (45.8%). Patients aged more than 60 were found to be affected most (27/94). Health care associated infections were significantly associated with usage of medical devices (p<0.05) and length of stay in hospital (p<0.05). The study concludes that these infections account for a noteworthy percentage in hospitalized patients and the predominant type was respiratory tract infections in this tertiary care hospital in Sri Lanka and elders were the mostly affected category compared to children and adults age groups.

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