The Action of the Basic Trypsin Inhibitor, Trasylol, on Shock Resulting from Occlusion of the Superior Mesenteric Artery: Experimental Study

1981 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Dadoukis ◽  
K Angouridakis ◽  
H Aletras
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Superior Mesenteric Artery ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Mesenteric Artery ◽  
Arterial Occlusion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D

The action of the enzymic inhibitor Trasylol upon shock from occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) in forty-six dogs, arranged in four groups, has been studied. In Group A of controls (thirteen dogs) an intestinal ischaemia of 31/2 hours duration was produced. After removal of the arterial occlusion, shock was produced in eleven dogs, which died within the first 24 hours. A frequent finding at autopsy was haemorrhagic infiltration of the intestinal mucosa and the occurrence of haemorrhagic contents in the intestinal lumen. Histologically, frequent findings were capillary distension and hyperaemia, perivascular haemorrhagic infiltration and superficial or total necrosis of the intestinal mucosa. In Group B (ten dogs), Group C (ten dogs) and Group D (thirteen dogs), the experimental arrangement was similar to that in Group A, except for Trasylol administration. An infusion of Trasylol, 30,000 units/kg body-weight intravenously 10 minutes before occlusion of the artery was given to the experimental animals of Group B, while a second infusion of 30,000 units/kg body-weight into the superior mesenteric artery or intravenously was given to the experimental animals of Group C and Group D, respectively, 10 minutes before the removal of arterial occlusion. The results in Group B were a little better in comparison with those of the controls, but the differences were not statistically significant. On the contrary, significant differences were seen with Group C and Group D. Shock was produced in a small number of experimental animals. Over 50% of the experimental animals survived. The intestinal alterations seen at autopsy and histologically were about the same as in the control group, but at a clearly lower frequency. It is concluded that the administration of enzymic inhibitors may eventually have a practical application in situations of re-establishment of mesenteric circulation after its acute interruption.

scholarly journals Effects of aqueous leaf extract of Corchorus olitorius on the testis and blood testosterone level of adult Wistar rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 024-030
Author(s):  
Godwin Chinedu Uloneme ◽  
Demian Nnabuihe Ezejindu ◽  
Darlington Cyprian Akukwu ◽  
Amadi Chibundu Chiekezie
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Corchorus Olitorius ◽  
Group A ◽  
Normal Rat ◽  
Group B ◽  
Calcium Iron ◽  
Group D

Background: The extract of Corchorus olitorius has a reasonable content of vitamins A and C, calcium, iron and fibre, and therefore enjoys a universal application in the treatment of some disease conditions, even as the whole leaf is a very important component of food in so many cultures. Purpose: The study was designed to investigate the effect of Corchorus olitorius extracts on the testis of adult Wistar rats. Method: A total number of thirty two adult Wistar rats weighing between 180 and 200 grammes separated into four groups labeled A,B,C and D respectively were used for the study. Animals in group A which served as the control group were fed with the normal rat chow and water only. The group B rats were administered 100mg/kg body weight of aqueous extract of Corchorus olitorus; while those in group C were administered 500mg/kg body weight of the extract. The group D rats received 1000mg/kg body weight of the extract. For a period of four weeks, the different experimental animal groups received the respective aforementioned treatments once daily, around nine- o’clock in the morning through oral intubation. At the end of the 28 day treatment, the animals were sacrificed and the testes harvested for histological, investigation, and through cardiac puncture, blood samples for some hormonal studies was also collected and investigated using standard laboratory standards. Results: Observations made showed that the extract produced no histological distortions, degenerative or defective effects on the testicular tissues. The testosterone levels of group B, C, and D rats were observed to be significantly higher (P<0.005) than that of the group A (control group).ound: The extract of Corchorus olitorius has a reasonable content of vitamins A and C, calcium, iron and fibre, and therefore enjoys a universal application in the treatment of some disease conditions, even as the whole leaf is a very important component of food in so many cultures. Purpose: The study was designed to investigate the effect of Corchorus olitorius extracts on the testis of adult Wistar rats. Method: A total number of thirty two adult Wistar rats weighing between 180 and 200 grammes separated into four groups labeled A,B,C and D respectively were used for the study. Animals in group A which served as the control group were fed with the normal rat chow and water only. The group B rats were administered 100mg/kg body weight of aqueous extract of Corchorus olitorus; while those in group C were administered 500mg/kg body weight of the extract. The group D rats received 1000mg/kg body weight of the extract. For a period of four weeks, the different experimental animal groups received the respective aforementioned treatments once daily, around nine- o’clock in the morning through oral intubation. At the end of the 28 day treatment, the animals were sacrificed and the testes harvested for histological, investigation, and through cardiac puncture, blood samples for some hormonal studies was also collected and investigated using standard laboratory standards. Results: Observations made showed that the extract produced no histological distortions, degenerative or defective effects on the testicular tissues. The testosterone levels of group B, C, and D rats were observed to be significantly higher (P<0.005) than that of the group A (control group).

Effects of Ganoderma Lucidum and Krestin on Subset T-cell in Spleen of γ-irradiated Mice

1995 ◽  
Vol 23 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 289-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wang-Chi Chen ◽  
Dou-Mong Hau ◽  
Chih-Chung Wang ◽  
I-Hsin Lin ◽  
Shiuh-Sheng Lee
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Ganoderma Lucidum ◽  
Radiation Treatment ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Γ Irradiation ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D ◽  
Better Than

Effects of Ganoderma lucidum (Gl) and Krestin (PSK) extracts on spleen, thymus and splenocytes in γ-irradiated mice were investigated in this study. ICR strain male mice were divided into five groups. Group A was the normal control. Group B, the experimental control, was treated with Gl. Group C, the radiation treatment control, was treated with whole body exposure to 4 Gy γ-irradiation (RT). Group D was treated with RT and Gl. Group E was treated with RT and PSK. The dosage of Gl was 400 mg/day/kg body weight and PSK was 500 mg/day/kg body weight. Our results indicated that the relative thymus weight in groups D and E were higher than group C on day 28 after γ-irradiation. Group D was the highest in all the experimental groups. CD4 and CD8 splenocytes in group D were higher than group C on days 7 and 28. Gl was better than PSK in repairing the damage of subset T-cells in the spleen of γ-irradiated mice.

scholarly journals Comparative study of efficacy of commercial anthelmintic response against gastrointestinal nematodes in goats of Jhenidah district, Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Prodip Kumar Halder ◽  
Biplob Kumar Sarker ◽  
Md. Shah Alam ◽  
Jannatun Nime ◽  
Md. Tareq Mussa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Economic Implication ◽  
Fecal Egg Count ◽  
Group A ◽  
Antiparasitic Drugs ◽  
Group B ◽  
And Control ◽  
Group D

Background: Parasitic disease constitutes 60-70% diseases affecting the animals and has serious economic implication in livestock entrepreneurship by direct and indirect production loss. Indiscriminate use of anthelmintic drugs has made the situation even more precarious. A similar problem was encountered in goat from Holidhani, Jhenidah, where goats with complain of intermittent diarrhea and loss of body condition was reported despite of routine deworming.Objective:  Determining the efficacy of conventional anthelmintics used and its comparison with some unexploited antiparasitic drugs for the same reason.Methods: Sixty-five goats were divided into five groups. Group A goats were kept as the control, Group B (I, II, III), group C (IV, V, VI), group D (VII, VIII, IX) and group E (X, XI, XII) goats were treated with levamisole, albendazole, fenbendazole and ivermectin respectively. All the treated and control goats were kept, housed for 21 days after the first treatment. Fecal samples were collected and counted on 1st, 7th, 14th and 21st day by using McMaster counting method.Results: Among the three doses of levamisole, albendazole, fenbendazole and ivermectin, the doses of 7.5, 7.5, 5.0 and 0.2 mg/kg body weight, body weight were found to be most effective against gastrointestinal nematodes in goats with a maximum reduction of fecal egg count to the extent of 95.38, 97.13, 98.08 & 99.16 percent respectively.Conclusion: The study revealed low efficacy of levamisole and hence ivermectin is a better drug than albendazole and fenbendazole to control gastrointestinal nematodes in goats. 

scholarly journals LAGENARIA SICERARIA;

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (05) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saima Qureshi ◽  
Khadija Qamar ◽  
Tassaduq Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Sodium Arsenite ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Lagenaria Siceraria ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D ◽  
Experimental Group

Objectives: To observe the effect of lagenaria siceraria on inflammation and fibrosis brought about by arsenic in liver of Sprague Dawley rat. Study Design: Laboratory based randomized control trial. Place and Duration of Study: This experiment was performed at Department of Anatomy, Army Medical College Rawalpindi in co-operation with National Institute of Health (NIH) Islamabad for eight weeks (1st March 2017 to 25th April 2017). Material and Methods: Fifty Sprague Dawley rats (both male and females housed separately) were carefully chosen and distributed randomly into five groups, each consisting of 10 animals. A and B were the control groups whereas C, D and E served as experimental groups. During the first four weeks, experiment groups C, D and E were given a dosage of 5milligram/kilogram body weight of sodium arsenite. At the end of four weeks, animals from control group A and experimental group C were dissected and liver samples were processed for microscopic studies. In the next 4 weeks, group D animals were set aside without any further intervention. At that time, sodium arsenite at a dose of 5 milligram/kilogram body weight and lagenaria siceraria at a dose of 100 milligram/kilogram bodyweight were administered to group E animals. Group B animals served as control for experimental groups D and E. At the end of these 4 weeks animals of groups B, D and E were dissected. Liver was processed, fixed and stained for microscopic study. Area of portal triad as well as liver lobules were studied for inflammation and fibrosis and results were analysed. Statistical tool used to analyse the data was SPSS v 22. Results were considered to be significant when p-value is ≤ 0.05. Results: Experimental group C developed moderate grade fibrosis and inflammation (grade 2 to 3) as compared to group A. Degree of inflammation and fibrosis was mild to moderate (grade 1 to 2) in group D. There was no inflammation and fibrosis (Grade 0 to 1) in group E. Group B served as a control for group D and E. Conclusion: Inflammation and fibrosis developed in the liver of adult rats when they were subjected to sodium arsenite even for a brief calculated period. Simultaneous administration of lagenaria siceraria can shield and diminish the toxic effects of arsenic. Oxidative potential and immunomodulatory properties and presence of flavonoid like substances renders lagenaria siceraria to act as ameliorative against this fibrosis and inflammation in liver lobules and surrounding area of portal triads.

scholarly journals Effects of samin yogurt on the liver of adult wistar rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 049-053
Author(s):  
Uloneme Godwin C ◽  
Akukwu Darlington CA ◽  
Ezejindu Damian N ◽  
Amadi CC
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Portal Tract ◽  
Fermented Milk ◽  
Control Group ◽  
State University ◽  
Group A ◽  
Normal Rat ◽  
Group B ◽  
Animal House ◽  
Group D

Background: Yogurt is basically fermented milk that is heated and mixed with two types of body friendly bacteria. It is very nutritious and therefore, it is being eaten by all and sundry. Purpose: The study was designed to determine the effect of yogurt on the liver of adult Wister rats. Method: A total of twenty four adzult Wister rats bred and harboured at the animal house of Anatomy and Neurobiology department, Imo State University Owerri were used for the study. The rats which weighed between 180 and 220 grammes were separated and housed in four different cages marked A, B, C and D. Each cage contained four rats. The group A served as control group and so received only the normal rat feed and water. Group B rats were administered 2500mg/kg body weight of yogurt; group C received 5000mg/kg body weight of yogurt why group D was given 10000mg/kg body weight of yogurt, all through oral intubation for four weeks. At the end of the four week treatment, the rats were anesthetized in chloroform vapour and the liver was dissected out for histological investigations. Results: On examining the processed liver tissue, it was observed that there was a mild (for group B), moderate (for group C), and serve (for group D) lymphocyte infiltration on the liver portal tract when compared to the control group which showed very little presence of haepatocytes around a central venule. The effect observed could be described to be dose dependent.

scholarly journals Effects of different fatty acid supplementation on body weight and haematobiochemical parameters in rat

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
MA Rahman ◽  
M Jahan ◽  
S Karmaker ◽  
MK Islam
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Serum Cholesterol Level ◽  
Mustard Oil ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Hematobiochemical Parameters ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D

The effects of some selected fatty acids supplement on hematobiochemical parameters were studied in rat. A total of twenty rats were randomly assigned into four groups. Group A was considered as control and fed with rat pellet. Group B was treated with 20 mg Soybean oil / kg feed, group C with 20 mg Mustard oil/ kg feed and group D with 20 mg Ghee /kg feed. The mean body weight of group B, C and D of 2nd and 3rd observation (30 and 60 days, respectively) was significantly (P> 0.01) higher compared to group A (Control). The highest body weight was observed in 3rd observation and it was 185.00 ± 2.76 g in group D and the lowest was in control group. TLC value of group D increased significantly (P<0.01) compared to control and was also found higher for group of B and C than that of control. Similar results were found for PCV value. DLC value was significant for none of the groups. The serum cholesterol level of group D increased significantly (P<0.01) but it was also found higher for the groups B and C than that of control. Similar results were found for blood glucose level and Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase (SGPT) where the values of group D increased significantly (P<0.01) compared to control and the values were also found higher for the groups B and C than that of control. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijns.v2i1.10879 International Journal of Natural Sciences (2012), 2(1): 21-25

scholarly journals PEMANFAATAN RIMPANG KUNIR PUTIH (Curcuma zedoaria) SEBAGAI PENGURANG KERUSAKAN STRUKTUR MIKROANATOMI HEPAR MENCIT AKIBAT ALKOHOL

2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-123
Author(s):  
Lisdiana Lisdiana
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Effective Dosage ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Curcuma Zedoaria ◽  
Weight Group ◽  
Alternative Healing ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D

Curcuma zedoaria, familia Zingiberaceae, has been used for along time as an alternative healing. active compounds within it are coneol, comphene, borneol, camphor, zedoarin, resin, gum, and curcumin. Curcumin is an antioxidan that can slow cell damages caused by toxicant. The purpose of this research was to find out the role of Curcuma zedoaria’s rhizome for minimizing damage of microanatomical structure of liver caused by alcoholic toxicant. Samples in the research were 24 mice (Mus musculus) Swiss Webster. They were grouped randomly into 8 groups. Each group was treated as follow. Group A (control group) was given fresh water. Group B was given whisky. Group C was given 500 mg Curcuma zedoaria/kg body weight. Group D was given 750 mg Curcuma zedoaria/kg body weight. Group E was given Curcuma zedoaria/kg body weight. Group F was given whisky and, 2 hours later, 500 mg Curcuma zedoaria/kg body weight. Group G was given whisky and, 2 hours later, 750 mg Curcuma zedoaria/kg body weight. The last group was given whisky and, 2 hours later, 1000 mg Curcuma zedoaria/kg body weight. The treatment was carried out during 8 days. A microanatomy slide of liver was made by using parafin method and Hematoxylin-Eosin dying. Data was analyzed by using descriptive method, comparing between the control group and the experiment groups. The result of the research showed that the powder of the Curcuma zedoaria’s rhizome has been useful in minimizing damage of hepar microanatomy structure of the mice affected by alcohol. The effective dosage was 1000 mg/kg body weight.

scholarly journals Role of Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) Against Cecal Coccidiosis in Cobb 500 Broiler Chicken

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-193
Author(s):  
S. Akter ◽  
M. Z. Hossain ◽  
A. H. N. A. Khan ◽  
M. M. Ashraf ◽  
M. K. Islam
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Pleurotus Ostreatus ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Oyster Mushroom ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D

A total of 25 day old Cobb 500 broiler chicks were purchased and randomly divided into five groups (A, B, C, D and E). Group A served as noninfected, non-supplemented control. Group B were infected and non-supplemented while chicks of group C, D and E were supplemented oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) @ 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg body weight respectively with feed from 2-28 day of age. The chicks of group B, C, D and E were challenged orally with 1 x 104 sporulated oocysts of Eimeria tenella on 10th day. The anticoccidial efficacy of oyster mushroom was evaluated based on oocysts counts per gram (OPG) of feces, weight gain, morbidity and mortality, necropsy findings and histopathology. Concerning the mean OPG count, body weight gain (p<0.01), morbidity and mortality the highest performance (p<0.01) was detected in group D and E on day 28 among the supplemented groups whereas group B showed the lowest performance. Group D and E showed the best results in regards of body weight, OPG counts, morbidity, mortality and post mortem findings as compared to healthy control (group A). So it could be concluded that supplementation of 100-150 mg oyster mushroom/kg body weight reduces the development of cecal coccidiosis in chicken.© 2013 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v5i1.12229        J. Sci. Res. 5 (1), 185-193 (2013)

Silymarin and dimercaptosuccinic acid ameliorate lead-induced nephrotoxicity and genotoxicity in rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 398-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Alcaraz-Contreras ◽  
RP Mendoza-Lozano ◽  
ER Martínez-Alcaraz ◽  
M Martínez-Alfaro ◽  
MA Gallegos-Corona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lead Acetate ◽  
Chelating Agent ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Dimercaptosuccinic Acid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lead Levels ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D

We studied the effect of silymarin and dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA), a chelating agent that was administered individually or in combination against lead (Pb) toxicity in rats. Wistar rats (200 ± 20) were randomly divided into five groups. Group A served as a control. Groups B–E were exposed to 2000 ppm of lead acetate in drinking water for 8 weeks. Group B served as a positive control. Group C received silymarin (100 mg kg−1 orally) for 8 weeks. Group D received DMSA (75 mg kg−1 orally) once daily for the last 5 days of treatment. Group E received DMSA and silymarin as groups C and D, respectively. The effect of Pb was evaluated and accordingly the treatments on blood lead levels (BLLs), renal system, and genotoxic effects were calculated using comet assay. The BLLs were significantly increased following the exposition of lead acetate. The administration of silymarin and DMSA provided reduction in BLLs. Silymarin and DMSA provided significant protection on the genotoxic effect of Pb. The toxic effect of Pb on kidneys was also studied. Our data suggest that silymarin and DMSA improve the renal histopathological lesions.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Anthelmintic Efficacy of Ivermectin, Levamisole HCl and Albendazole Administered through Different Routes against Naturally Occuring Gastrointestinal Nematodiasis in Black Bengal Goat Inducing Hematological Parameters and Live Weight Indices

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Aktaruzzaman ◽  
MS Islam ◽  
MMI Hasan ◽  
MJU Bhuiyan ◽  
MM Hossain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Total Leukocyte Count ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Counting Method ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group D

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of ivermectin, levamisole HCl and albendazole against gastrointestinal nematodes in naturally infected goats of government goat development farm, Sylhet, Bangladesh. The study included 52 black Bengal breed of which 30 were naturally infected and randomly selected 20 on the basis of their weight and egg count. Twenty black Bengal goats of 12-13 month old irrespective of sex infested with gastrointestinal nematodes were selected for this experiment and randomly divided into four equal groups (group A, B, C and D) where each group consisted of 5 goats and goats of group D were kept as control group. One injectable ivermectin (200?gkg-1 body weight, S/C) preparations (Techno Drugs Ltd. Bangladesh) and two solid levamisole HCl, albendazole (7.5 mgkg-1 body weight, orally) preparations (The ACME Laboratories Ltd. and Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd. Bangladesh) were used for positive control of gastrointestinal nematodes as group A, B and C. Goats of group D was kept as control without giving any treatment. Before trials (day 0), total egg count, blood samples and initial body weight were recorded. During the study period the fecal and blood samples were collected directly from rectum and examined on 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th day using McMaster fecal egg counting method. Body weight was recorded on day 28 following the treatments. The results of the comparative efficacies of different anthelmintic of ivermectin was 86.75%, followed by levamisole HCl 85.07% and albendazole 92.81%. McMaster fecal egg counting method discloses the percentage of Haemonchus spp. (15.38%), with Trichostrongylus spp, Strongyloides spp., and Cooperia spp. also present. After treatment with ivermectin, levamisole HCl and albendazole, Total Erythrocyte Count (TEC), Hemoglobin (Hb) content and Packed Cell Volume (PCV) were increased significantly (p<0.01 and p>0.05) in goats but Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) and Total Leukocyte Count (TLC) were decreased significantly (p<0.05 and p>0.01) in all treated goat and body weight was increased significantly (p<0.01) on day 28.International Journal of Natural Sciences (2015), 5(1) 26-34

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