Lymphocytic Depletion of Bursa of Fabricius and Thymus in Chickens Inoculated with Escherichia coli

1986 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 712-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Nakamura ◽  
Y. Imada ◽  
M. Maeda
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Bursa Of Fabricius ◽  
Lymphoid Tissues ◽  
Specific Pathogen Free ◽  
Lymphoid Follicles ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Specific Pathogen

Specific-pathogen-free 10-week-old chickens were inoculated via the air sac with Escherichia coli and showed lymphocytic depletion of bursa of Fabricius and thymus. In experiment I, chickens were necropsied at 12 and 24 hours, 2, 3, and 5 days after inoculation. At 12 hours after inoculation there was lymphocytic depletion in the medulla of lymphoid follicles of the bursa. At 24 hours after inoculation there was lymphocytic depletion also in the cortex of follicles and edema in interfollicular interstitium and follicular medulla. At 2 and 3 days after inoculation there were more marked lymphocytic depletion in medulla and cortex, and fibrosis in interfollicular interstitium. Partial repopulation of follicles with lymphocytes was seen at 5 days after inoculation. In the thymus, lymphocytic depletion occurred in the cortex. At 12 hours after inoculation, lymphocytic necrosis increased in number more than that of control chickens. The width of the cortex and medulla decreased. At 24 hours after inoculation, lymphocytic necrosis increased further. At 2 to 5 days after inoculation, the boundary between the cortex and medulla of lobules was obscure and cellular elements of the cortex and medulla were mingled. In experiment II, chickens were necropsied as in experiment I and also at 8 and 14 days after inoculation. The relative weights of the bursa and thymus reduced rapidly to minimal relative weights at 8 days after inoculation. At 14 days after inoculation, both bursa and thymus had normal relative weights and histological structures. These findings indicate that E. coli infection may induce transient lymphocytic depletion of lymphoid tissues in the chicken.

Inhibition of Escherichia coli Translocation from the Gastrointestinal Tract by Normal Cecal Flora in Gnotobiotic or Antibiotic-Decontaminated Mice

1980 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 1073-1081
Author(s):  
Rodney D. Berg
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Specific Pathogen Free ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph ◽  
Specific Pathogen ◽  
Gnotobiotic Mice

Escherichia coli C25 maintained population levels of 10 9 to 10 10 per g of cecum and translocated to 100% of the middle mesenteric lymph nodes in gnotobiotic mice monoassociated with E. coli C25. Intragastric inoculation of these mice with the cecal contents from specific-pathogen-free mice reduced the population levels of E. coli C25 to 10 6 per g of cecum and completely inhibited translocation to the mesenteric lymph nodes. Intragastric inoculation with heat-treated, Formalintreated, or filtered cecal contents did not reduce the population levels of E. coli C25 or reduce the incidence of translocation of E. coli C25 to the mesenteric lymph nodes. Thus, viable bacteria apparently are required in the cecal contents inocula to reduce the population levels and the incidence of translocation of E. coli C25. Treatment with streptomycin plus bacitracin decreased the anaerobic bacterial levels in these gnotobiotic mice, allowing increased population levels of E. coli C25 and increased translocation to the mesenteric lymph nodes. E. coli C25 also translocated to the mesenteric lymph nodes of specific-pathogen-free mice treated with streptomycin and bacitracin before colonization with E. coli C25. The high cecal population levels of E. coli C25 in these antibiotic-decontaminated specific-pathogen-free mice apparently overwhelm any barrier to translocation exerted by the immunologically developed lamina propria of the specific-pathogen-free mice. Inoculation of gnotobiotic mice with a cecal flora also reduced the population levels of an indigenous strain of E. coli with a concomitant inhibition of translocation of the indigenous E. coli to the mesenteric lymph nodes. Thus, bacterial antagonism of the gastrointestinal population levels of certain indigenous bacteria, such as E. coli , by other members of the normal bacterial flora appears to be an important defense mechanism confining bacteria to the gastrointestinal tract.

scholarly journals Virulence Characteristic of Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) Isolates

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Sruti Listra Adrenalin ◽  
Lynda Nugrahaning Imanjati ◽  
Ima Fauziah ◽  
Vinsa Cantya Prakasita ◽  
Sitarina Widyarini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
High Mortality ◽  
Specific Pathogen Free ◽  
Avian Pathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Pathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
High Virulence ◽  
Specific Pathogen ◽  
Costs Of Treatment

Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is a cause of colibacillosis in poultry, one of the respiratory disease that causes serious problems in the poultry industry. The APEC can cause high mortality and culling, decreased production, and high costs of treatment. Manifestations of colibacillosis are airsacculitis, perihepatitis, and pericarditis. The APEC serotypes that are widely identified in the field are O1K1, O2K1, and O78K80. Embryo lethality assay (ELA) is a method for determine the virulence of APEC serotypes. The aim of this study was to determine the virulence characteristic of APEC isolates. Five APEC serotypes O1K1, O2K1, O78K80, O157H7, and unknown serotype were used for ELA method by inoculated E. coli into chorioallantoic of specific pathogen free 12-days old embryos. Each group of 10 embryos, inoculated E. coli dose of 100-500 CFU/ 0,1 ml. Candling was carried out for 6 days (18-days old embryo) to determined the mortality and pathological lesions. The percentage of embryo mortality post-inoculated with APEC O1K1, O2K1, unknown serotypes were 100% (10/10), O78K80 serotype was 90% (9/10), and O157H7 serotype was 70% (70%). Lesions of all embryos were cranial and extremity hemorrhage. In this study, E. coli isolates had high virulence. 

Prevention of 5-fluorouracil-induced infection with indigenous Escherichia coli in tumor-bearing mice by nonspecific immunostimulation

1992 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 774-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koji Nomoto ◽  
Teruo Yokokura ◽  
Kikuo Nomoto
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Lactobacillus Casei ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Specific Pathogen Free ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Tumor Bearing ◽  
Lethal Toxicity ◽  
Specific Pathogen

We have previously reported that the lethal toxicity of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in specific-pathogen-free mice is due to an indigenous infection with Escherichia coli (K. Nomoto, T. Yokokura, Y. Yoshikai, et al. Can. J. Microbiol. 37: 244–247, 1991). In the present study, we demonstrate that nonspecific immunostimulation augments host resistance against the lethal toxicity of 5-FU in tumor-bearing mice. Intravenous administration of a preparation of heat-killed Lactobacillus casei (LC 9018), a nonspecific immunostimulant, at a dose of 20 mg/kg to BALB/c mice augmented their resistance against the lethal toxicity of 5-FU if the preparation was injected into the mice 10–40 days before administration of 5-FU. Injection of LC 9018 into BALB/c mice bearing Meth A fibrosarcoma also enhanced their resistance against the lethality of 5-FU. Systemic infection with E. coli was induced in all of the 5-FU-treated tumor-bearing mice 10 days or more after administration of the drug at a lethal dose of 500 mg/kg, and it was accompanied by an overgrowth of the bacteria in the intestine. Treatment of tumor-bearing mice with LC 9018 resulted in decreased rates of occurrence of systemic infection with E. coli and inhibition of overgrowth of the bacteria in the intestine after administration of 5-FU. A single administration of either LC 9018 or 5-FU significantly inhibited the growth of Meth A cells in vivo, and a combined antitumor effect was shown in the mice treated with both 5-FU and LC 9018. Key words: tumor-bearing mice, fluorouracil, nonspecific immunostimulation, indigenous infection, Escherichia coli.

scholarly journals Role for Flagella but Not Intimin in the Persistent Infection of the Gastrointestinal Tissues of Specific-Pathogen-Free Chicks by Shiga Toxin-Negative Escherichia coli O157:H7

2005 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 1836-1846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angus Best ◽  
Roberto M. La Ragione ◽  
A. Robin Sayers ◽  
Martin J. Woodward
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Specific Pathogen Free ◽  
Similar Time ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Oral Inoculation ◽  
Specific Pathogen ◽  
Significant Attenuation

ABSTRACT Shiga toxin (Stx)-positive Escherichia coli O157:H7 readily colonize and persist in specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chicks, and we have shown that an Stx-negative E. coli O157:H7 isolate (NCTC12900) readily colonizes SPF chicks for up to 169 days after oral inoculation at 1 day of age. However, the role of intimin in the persistent colonization of poultry remains unclear. Thus, to investigate the role of intimin and flagella, which is a known factor in the persistence of non-O157 E. coli in poultry, isogenic single- and double-intimin and aflagellar mutants were constructed in E. coli O157:H7 isolate NCTC12900. These mutants were used to inoculate (105 CFU) 1-day-old SPF chicks. In general, significant attenuation of the aflagellate and intimin-aflagellate mutants, but not the intimin mutant, was noted at similar time points between 22 and 92 days after inoculation. The intimin-deficient mutant was still being shed at the end of the experiment, which was 211 days after inoculation, 84 days more than the wild type. Shedding of the aflagellar and intimin-aflagellar mutants ceased 99 and 113 days after inoculation, respectively. Histological analysis of gastrointestinal tissues from inoculated birds gave no evidence for true microcolony formation by NCTC12900 or intimin and aflagellar mutants to epithelial cells. However, NCTC12900 mutant derivatives associated with the mucosa were observed as individual cells and/or as large aggregates. Association with luminal contents was also noted. These data suggest that O157 organisms do not require intimin for the persistent colonization of chickens, whereas flagella do play a role in this process.

scholarly journals Feline Panleukopenia: III. Development of Lesions in the Lymphoid Tissues

1978 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Carlson ◽  
F. W. Scott ◽  
J. R. Duncan
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Lymphoid Tissues ◽  
Specific Pathogen Free ◽  
Lymphoid Follicles ◽  
Feline Panleukopenia Virus ◽  
Immunofluorescence Studies ◽  
Specific Pathogen ◽  
Clinical Illness

Germfree and specific pathogen-free cats were inoculated with feline panleukopenia virus. Cats were necropsied 2 to 6 days after inoculation and tissues from the thymus, lymph nodes and spleen taken for histological and immunofluorescence studies. Necrosis of lymphoid cells in the thymic cortex began 3 days after inoculation and continued for 5 to 6 days after inoculation when the thymus was nearly depleted of lymphocytes. Immunofluorescence studies showed the lesions to be caused by virus. There was gross and histological involution of the thymus in both germfree and specific pathogen-free cats. The lymph nodes and spleen of uninoculated germfree cats looked “inactive” and lacked well developed lymphoid follicles and paracortical areas. In both germfree and specific pathogenfree cats there was necrosis in both follicular and paracortical areas of the lymph nodes and follicular and paracortical areas of the spleen 3 to 4 days after inoculation. Immunofluorescence showed these areas had virus infection. By 5 to 6 days after inoculation, these areas were populated by many lymphoblastoid cells. Even though significant destruction of lymphoid cells occurred, subsequently, in cats that develop mild clinical illness, these lymphoid tissues seemed stimulated rather than depleted of lymphocytes.

scholarly journals Host-specific differences in the contribution of an ESBL IncI1 plasmid to intestinal colonization by Escherichia coli O104:H4

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 1579-1585 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Giles ◽  
S A Cawthraw ◽  
M AbuOun ◽  
C M Thomas ◽  
D Munera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Host Bacterium ◽  
Intestinal Colonization ◽  
Specific Pathogen Free ◽  
E Coli ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits ◽  
Specific Pathogen ◽  
Transmission Reservoir

AbstractObjectivesTo assess stability and contribution of a large ESBL-encoding IncI1 plasmid to intestinal colonization by Escherichia coli O104:H4 in two different mammalian hosts.MethodsSpecific-pathogen-free 3–4-day-old New Zealand White rabbits and conventionally reared 6-week-old weaned lambs were orally infected with WT E. coli O104:H4 or the ESBL-plasmid-cured derivative, and the recovery of bacteria in intestinal homogenates and faeces monitored over time.ResultsCarriage of the ESBL plasmid had differing impacts on E. coli O104:H4 colonization of the two experimental hosts. The plasmid-cured strain was recovered at significantly higher levels than WT during late-stage colonization of rabbits, but at lower levels than WT in sheep. Regardless of the animal host, the ESBL plasmid was stably maintained in virtually all in vivo passaged bacteria that were examined.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that carriage of ESBL plasmids has distinct effects on the host bacterium depending upon the animal species it encounters and demonstrates that, as for E. coli O157:H7, ruminants could represent a potential transmission reservoir.

Induction of lethal infection with indigenous Escherichia coli in mice by fluorouracil

1991 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 244-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koji Nomoto ◽  
Teruo Yokokura ◽  
Yasunobu Yoshikai ◽  
Masao Mitsuyama ◽  
Kikuo Nomoto
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agent ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Specific Pathogen Free ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Lethal Infection ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Specific Pathogen ◽  
High Doses

A single administration of fluorouracil (5-FU), a well-used cancer chemotherapeutic agent, at high doses (338–800 mg/kg) to specific pathogen free mice induced a lethal infection with Escherichia coli. The infection was manifested in all the mice treated with 5-FU 7–14 days after administration of the drug, when the number of E. coli in liver reached levels ranging from 108 to 1010 colony-forming units, and the type of the infecting bacteria was limited to E. coli. The infection was accompanied with the increase in the population levels of E. coli in the intestinal tract which reached levels about 103 to 104 times as high as those of normal mice. Administration of tegafur, a less toxic derivative of 5-FU, to mice at a lethal dose of 1280 mg/kg induced infection with E. coli similar to that induced by 5-FU. Multiple administration of both streptomycin sulfate and cephalothin to mice after treatment with 5-FU protected the mice completely from the lethal infection induced by 5-FU, suggesting that the lethality of 5-FU was due to the indigenous bacterial infection. Key words: fluorouracil, Escherichia coli, mice, indigenous infection.

scholarly journals GIS-based analysis of the fate of waste-related pathogens Cryptosporidium parvum, Giardia lamblia and Escherichia coli in a tropical canal network

2008 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mamadou B. C. Diallo ◽  
Alfredo J. Anceno ◽  
Benjawan Tawatsupa ◽  
Nitin K. Tripathi ◽  
Voranuch Wangsuphachart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Cryptosporidium Parvum ◽  
Giardia Lamblia ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Waste Stabilization Ponds ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Specific Pathogen ◽  
Predominant Pathogen ◽  
Chao Phraya River

Urban canals play a major socio-economic role in many tropical countries and, particularly, Thailand. One of the overlooked functions that they perform is a significant attenuation of waste-related pathogens posing considerable health risk, as well as pollution attenuation in general. The study dealt with a comparison of three canals receiving: (i) municipal, (ii) mainly industrial and (iii) mainly agricultural wastewater, listed in order of progressively decreasing organic loading. The occurrence and fate of waterborne Cryptosporidium parvum, Giardia lamblia and Escherichia coli were monitored in the canals by both real-time PCR and conventionally for 12 months. The pathogens are etiological agents of an estimated 38% and 47% of diarrhea cases worldwide and in Thailand, respectively. The geographic information system (GIS) was used to evaluate and map point and, particularly, non-point pollution sources which allowed differentiating the canal sections in terms of predominant pathogen sources. The flowthrough canals, which can be viewed as waste stabilization ponds, were found to be efficiently removing the pathogens at the following generalized specific rates: 0.3 (C. parvum), 1.2 (G. lamblia), 1.8 (E. coli) log10/km.d in the dry season. The rates decreased in the rainy season for E. coli and G. lamblia, but increased for C. parvum which indicated different removal mechanisms. Data suggest that E. coli and G. lamblia were mainly removed through sedimentation and sunlight (UV) irradiation, while the likely mechanism for C. parvum was predation. Overall, the specific pathogen removal rates positively correlated with the canal organic loading rates in the rainy season. As an important result, an estimate of the municipal pollution mitigation by over 2,280 km canals in the Greater Bangkok suggests that concomitant to the pathogens at least 36–95 tons of BOD5 is being removed daily, thereby saving the receiving Chao Phraya River and Bight of Bangkok, by far exceeding current, from major eutrophication problems.

scholarly journals Molecular epidemiology of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella species bloodstream infections in Oxfordshire (UK) 2008-2018

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Lipworth ◽  
Karina-Doris Vihta ◽  
Kevin Chau ◽  
Leanne Barker ◽  
Sophie George ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Molecular Epidemiology ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Community Settings ◽  
Klebsiella Species ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Plasmid Replicon ◽  
Genomic Study ◽  
Specific Pathogen

AbstractThe incidence of Gram-negative bloodstream infections (BSIs), predominantly caused by Escherichia coli and Klebsiella species, continues to increase; however the causes of this are unclear and effective interventions are therefore hard to design. In this study we sequenced 3468 sequential, unselected isolates over a decade in Oxfordshire, UK. We demonstrate that the observed increases in E. coli incidence were not driven by clonal expansion; instead, four major sequence types (STs) continue to dominate a stable population structure, with no evidence of adaptation to hospital/community settings. Conversely in Klebsiella spp. most infections are caused by sporadic STs with the exception of a local drug-resistant outbreak strain (ST490). Virulence elements are highly structured by ST in E. coli but not Klebsiella spp. where they occur in a diverse spectrum of STs and equally across healthcare and community settings. Most clinically hypervirulent (i.e. community-onset) Klebsiella BSIs have no known acquired virulence loci. Finally we demonstrate a diverse but largely genus-restricted mobilome with close associations between antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes and insertion sequences but not typically specific plasmid replicon types; consistent with the dissemination of AMR genes being highly contingent on smaller mobile genetic elements (MGEs). Our large genomic study highlights distinct differences in the molecular epidemiology of E. coli and Klebsiella BSIs, and suggests that no single specific pathogen genetic factors are likely contributing to the increasing incidence of BSI overall, that association with AMR genes in E. coli is a contributor to the increasing number of E. coli BSIs, and that more attention should be given to AMR gene associations with non-plasmid MGEs to try and understand horizontal gene transfer networks.

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