Induction of lethal infection with indigenous Escherichia coli in mice by fluorouracil

1991 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 244-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koji Nomoto ◽  
Teruo Yokokura ◽  
Yasunobu Yoshikai ◽  
Masao Mitsuyama ◽  
Kikuo Nomoto
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agent ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Specific Pathogen Free ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Lethal Infection ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Specific Pathogen ◽  
High Doses

A single administration of fluorouracil (5-FU), a well-used cancer chemotherapeutic agent, at high doses (338–800 mg/kg) to specific pathogen free mice induced a lethal infection with Escherichia coli. The infection was manifested in all the mice treated with 5-FU 7–14 days after administration of the drug, when the number of E. coli in liver reached levels ranging from 108 to 1010 colony-forming units, and the type of the infecting bacteria was limited to E. coli. The infection was accompanied with the increase in the population levels of E. coli in the intestinal tract which reached levels about 103 to 104 times as high as those of normal mice. Administration of tegafur, a less toxic derivative of 5-FU, to mice at a lethal dose of 1280 mg/kg induced infection with E. coli similar to that induced by 5-FU. Multiple administration of both streptomycin sulfate and cephalothin to mice after treatment with 5-FU protected the mice completely from the lethal infection induced by 5-FU, suggesting that the lethality of 5-FU was due to the indigenous bacterial infection. Key words: fluorouracil, Escherichia coli, mice, indigenous infection.

Prevention of 5-fluorouracil-induced infection with indigenous Escherichia coli in tumor-bearing mice by nonspecific immunostimulation

1992 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 774-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koji Nomoto ◽  
Teruo Yokokura ◽  
Kikuo Nomoto
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Lactobacillus Casei ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Specific Pathogen Free ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Tumor Bearing ◽  
Lethal Toxicity ◽  
Specific Pathogen

We have previously reported that the lethal toxicity of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in specific-pathogen-free mice is due to an indigenous infection with Escherichia coli (K. Nomoto, T. Yokokura, Y. Yoshikai, et al. Can. J. Microbiol. 37: 244–247, 1991). In the present study, we demonstrate that nonspecific immunostimulation augments host resistance against the lethal toxicity of 5-FU in tumor-bearing mice. Intravenous administration of a preparation of heat-killed Lactobacillus casei (LC 9018), a nonspecific immunostimulant, at a dose of 20 mg/kg to BALB/c mice augmented their resistance against the lethal toxicity of 5-FU if the preparation was injected into the mice 10–40 days before administration of 5-FU. Injection of LC 9018 into BALB/c mice bearing Meth A fibrosarcoma also enhanced their resistance against the lethality of 5-FU. Systemic infection with E. coli was induced in all of the 5-FU-treated tumor-bearing mice 10 days or more after administration of the drug at a lethal dose of 500 mg/kg, and it was accompanied by an overgrowth of the bacteria in the intestine. Treatment of tumor-bearing mice with LC 9018 resulted in decreased rates of occurrence of systemic infection with E. coli and inhibition of overgrowth of the bacteria in the intestine after administration of 5-FU. A single administration of either LC 9018 or 5-FU significantly inhibited the growth of Meth A cells in vivo, and a combined antitumor effect was shown in the mice treated with both 5-FU and LC 9018. Key words: tumor-bearing mice, fluorouracil, nonspecific immunostimulation, indigenous infection, Escherichia coli.

Inhibition of Escherichia coli Translocation from the Gastrointestinal Tract by Normal Cecal Flora in Gnotobiotic or Antibiotic-Decontaminated Mice

1980 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 1073-1081
Author(s):  
Rodney D. Berg
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Specific Pathogen Free ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph ◽  
Specific Pathogen ◽  
Gnotobiotic Mice

Escherichia coli C25 maintained population levels of 10 9 to 10 10 per g of cecum and translocated to 100% of the middle mesenteric lymph nodes in gnotobiotic mice monoassociated with E. coli C25. Intragastric inoculation of these mice with the cecal contents from specific-pathogen-free mice reduced the population levels of E. coli C25 to 10 6 per g of cecum and completely inhibited translocation to the mesenteric lymph nodes. Intragastric inoculation with heat-treated, Formalintreated, or filtered cecal contents did not reduce the population levels of E. coli C25 or reduce the incidence of translocation of E. coli C25 to the mesenteric lymph nodes. Thus, viable bacteria apparently are required in the cecal contents inocula to reduce the population levels and the incidence of translocation of E. coli C25. Treatment with streptomycin plus bacitracin decreased the anaerobic bacterial levels in these gnotobiotic mice, allowing increased population levels of E. coli C25 and increased translocation to the mesenteric lymph nodes. E. coli C25 also translocated to the mesenteric lymph nodes of specific-pathogen-free mice treated with streptomycin and bacitracin before colonization with E. coli C25. The high cecal population levels of E. coli C25 in these antibiotic-decontaminated specific-pathogen-free mice apparently overwhelm any barrier to translocation exerted by the immunologically developed lamina propria of the specific-pathogen-free mice. Inoculation of gnotobiotic mice with a cecal flora also reduced the population levels of an indigenous strain of E. coli with a concomitant inhibition of translocation of the indigenous E. coli to the mesenteric lymph nodes. Thus, bacterial antagonism of the gastrointestinal population levels of certain indigenous bacteria, such as E. coli , by other members of the normal bacterial flora appears to be an important defense mechanism confining bacteria to the gastrointestinal tract.

scholarly journals Virulence Characteristic of Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) Isolates

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Sruti Listra Adrenalin ◽  
Lynda Nugrahaning Imanjati ◽  
Ima Fauziah ◽  
Vinsa Cantya Prakasita ◽  
Sitarina Widyarini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
High Mortality ◽  
Specific Pathogen Free ◽  
Avian Pathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Pathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
High Virulence ◽  
Specific Pathogen ◽  
Costs Of Treatment

Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is a cause of colibacillosis in poultry, one of the respiratory disease that causes serious problems in the poultry industry. The APEC can cause high mortality and culling, decreased production, and high costs of treatment. Manifestations of colibacillosis are airsacculitis, perihepatitis, and pericarditis. The APEC serotypes that are widely identified in the field are O1K1, O2K1, and O78K80. Embryo lethality assay (ELA) is a method for determine the virulence of APEC serotypes. The aim of this study was to determine the virulence characteristic of APEC isolates. Five APEC serotypes O1K1, O2K1, O78K80, O157H7, and unknown serotype were used for ELA method by inoculated E. coli into chorioallantoic of specific pathogen free 12-days old embryos. Each group of 10 embryos, inoculated E. coli dose of 100-500 CFU/ 0,1 ml. Candling was carried out for 6 days (18-days old embryo) to determined the mortality and pathological lesions. The percentage of embryo mortality post-inoculated with APEC O1K1, O2K1, unknown serotypes were 100% (10/10), O78K80 serotype was 90% (9/10), and O157H7 serotype was 70% (70%). Lesions of all embryos were cranial and extremity hemorrhage. In this study, E. coli isolates had high virulence. 

scholarly journals Role for Flagella but Not Intimin in the Persistent Infection of the Gastrointestinal Tissues of Specific-Pathogen-Free Chicks by Shiga Toxin-Negative Escherichia coli O157:H7

2005 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 1836-1846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angus Best ◽  
Roberto M. La Ragione ◽  
A. Robin Sayers ◽  
Martin J. Woodward
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Specific Pathogen Free ◽  
Similar Time ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Oral Inoculation ◽  
Specific Pathogen ◽  
Significant Attenuation

ABSTRACT Shiga toxin (Stx)-positive Escherichia coli O157:H7 readily colonize and persist in specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chicks, and we have shown that an Stx-negative E. coli O157:H7 isolate (NCTC12900) readily colonizes SPF chicks for up to 169 days after oral inoculation at 1 day of age. However, the role of intimin in the persistent colonization of poultry remains unclear. Thus, to investigate the role of intimin and flagella, which is a known factor in the persistence of non-O157 E. coli in poultry, isogenic single- and double-intimin and aflagellar mutants were constructed in E. coli O157:H7 isolate NCTC12900. These mutants were used to inoculate (105 CFU) 1-day-old SPF chicks. In general, significant attenuation of the aflagellate and intimin-aflagellate mutants, but not the intimin mutant, was noted at similar time points between 22 and 92 days after inoculation. The intimin-deficient mutant was still being shed at the end of the experiment, which was 211 days after inoculation, 84 days more than the wild type. Shedding of the aflagellar and intimin-aflagellar mutants ceased 99 and 113 days after inoculation, respectively. Histological analysis of gastrointestinal tissues from inoculated birds gave no evidence for true microcolony formation by NCTC12900 or intimin and aflagellar mutants to epithelial cells. However, NCTC12900 mutant derivatives associated with the mucosa were observed as individual cells and/or as large aggregates. Association with luminal contents was also noted. These data suggest that O157 organisms do not require intimin for the persistent colonization of chickens, whereas flagella do play a role in this process.

Recombinant human antithrombin III improves survival and attenuates inflammatory responses in baboons lethally challenged with Escherichia coli

Blood ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 1117-1123 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Minnema ◽  
A. C. K. Chang ◽  
P. M. Jansen ◽  
Y. T. P. Lubbers ◽  
B. M. Pratt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Antithrombin Iii ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Early Administration ◽  
E Coli ◽  
High Doses

Plasma-derived antithrombin III (ATIII) prevents the lethal effects of Escherichia coli infusion in baboons, but the mechanisms behind this effect are not clear. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of recombinant human ATIII (rhATIII) on the clinical course and the inflammatory cytokine and coagulation responses in baboons challenged with lethal dose of E coli. Animals in the treatment group (n = 5) received high doses of rhATIII starting 1 hour before an E colichallenge. Those in the control group were administered saline. Survival was significantly improved in the treatment group (P = .002). Both groups had similar hemodynamic responses to E coli challenge but different coagulation and inflammatory responses. The rhATIII group had an accelerated increase of thrombin-ATIII complexes and significantly less fibrinogen consumption compared to controls. In addition, the rhATIII group had much less severe thrombotic pathology on autopsy and virtually no fibrinolytic response to E coli challenge. Furthermore, the rhATIII group had a significantly attenuated inflammatory response as evidenced by marked reduction of the release of various cytokines. We conclude that the early administration of high doses of rhATIII improves the outcome in baboons lethally challenged with E coli, probably due to the combined anticoagulation and anti-inflammatory effects of this therapy.

scholarly journals Host-specific differences in the contribution of an ESBL IncI1 plasmid to intestinal colonization by Escherichia coli O104:H4

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 1579-1585 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Giles ◽  
S A Cawthraw ◽  
M AbuOun ◽  
C M Thomas ◽  
D Munera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Host Bacterium ◽  
Intestinal Colonization ◽  
Specific Pathogen Free ◽  
E Coli ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits ◽  
Specific Pathogen ◽  
Transmission Reservoir

AbstractObjectivesTo assess stability and contribution of a large ESBL-encoding IncI1 plasmid to intestinal colonization by Escherichia coli O104:H4 in two different mammalian hosts.MethodsSpecific-pathogen-free 3–4-day-old New Zealand White rabbits and conventionally reared 6-week-old weaned lambs were orally infected with WT E. coli O104:H4 or the ESBL-plasmid-cured derivative, and the recovery of bacteria in intestinal homogenates and faeces monitored over time.ResultsCarriage of the ESBL plasmid had differing impacts on E. coli O104:H4 colonization of the two experimental hosts. The plasmid-cured strain was recovered at significantly higher levels than WT during late-stage colonization of rabbits, but at lower levels than WT in sheep. Regardless of the animal host, the ESBL plasmid was stably maintained in virtually all in vivo passaged bacteria that were examined.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that carriage of ESBL plasmids has distinct effects on the host bacterium depending upon the animal species it encounters and demonstrates that, as for E. coli O157:H7, ruminants could represent a potential transmission reservoir.

Lymphocytic Depletion of Bursa of Fabricius and Thymus in Chickens Inoculated with Escherichia coli

1986 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 712-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Nakamura ◽  
Y. Imada ◽  
M. Maeda
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Bursa Of Fabricius ◽  
Lymphoid Tissues ◽  
Specific Pathogen Free ◽  
Lymphoid Follicles ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Specific Pathogen

Specific-pathogen-free 10-week-old chickens were inoculated via the air sac with Escherichia coli and showed lymphocytic depletion of bursa of Fabricius and thymus. In experiment I, chickens were necropsied at 12 and 24 hours, 2, 3, and 5 days after inoculation. At 12 hours after inoculation there was lymphocytic depletion in the medulla of lymphoid follicles of the bursa. At 24 hours after inoculation there was lymphocytic depletion also in the cortex of follicles and edema in interfollicular interstitium and follicular medulla. At 2 and 3 days after inoculation there were more marked lymphocytic depletion in medulla and cortex, and fibrosis in interfollicular interstitium. Partial repopulation of follicles with lymphocytes was seen at 5 days after inoculation. In the thymus, lymphocytic depletion occurred in the cortex. At 12 hours after inoculation, lymphocytic necrosis increased in number more than that of control chickens. The width of the cortex and medulla decreased. At 24 hours after inoculation, lymphocytic necrosis increased further. At 2 to 5 days after inoculation, the boundary between the cortex and medulla of lobules was obscure and cellular elements of the cortex and medulla were mingled. In experiment II, chickens were necropsied as in experiment I and also at 8 and 14 days after inoculation. The relative weights of the bursa and thymus reduced rapidly to minimal relative weights at 8 days after inoculation. At 14 days after inoculation, both bursa and thymus had normal relative weights and histological structures. These findings indicate that E. coli infection may induce transient lymphocytic depletion of lymphoid tissues in the chicken.

Effect of Escherichia Coli Infection on Metabolism of Dietary Protein in Intestine

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 772-776
Author(s):  
Xiao-Pei Peng ◽  
Wei Ding ◽  
Jian-Min Ma ◽  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Jian Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Effector Proteins ◽  
Physical Injury ◽  
Dietary Proteins ◽  
Pathogenic Role ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Pathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Escherichia Coli Infection

Dietary proteins are linked to the pathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli) through the intestinal tract, which is the site where both dietary proteins are metabolized and pathogenic E. coli strains play a pathogenic role. Dietary proteins are degraded by enzymes in the intestine lumen and their metabolites are transferred into enterocytes to be further metabolized. Seven diarrheagenic E. coli pathotypes have been identified, and they damage the intestinal epithelium through physical injury and effector proteins, which lead to inhibit the digestibility and absorption of dietary proteins in the intestine tract. But the increased tryptophan (Trp) content in the feed, low-protein diet or milk fractions supplementation is effective in preventing and controlling infections by pathogenic E. coli in the intestine.

scholarly journals Turntable Paper-Based Device to Detect Escherichia coli

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 194
Author(s):  
Yung-Chih Wang ◽  
Yao-Hung Tsai ◽  
Ching-Fen Shen ◽  
Ming-Yao He ◽  
Yi-Chen Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Multiple Integral ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Considerable Time ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Colony Forming Unit ◽  
Experimental Implementation ◽  
Colony Forming Units

Escherichia coli has been known to cause a variety of infectious diseases. The conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a well-known method widely used to diagnose a variety of infectious diseases. This method is expensive and requires considerable time and effort to conduct and complete multiple integral steps. We previously proposed the use of paper-based ELISA to rapidly detect the presence of E. coli. This approach has demonstrated utility for point-of-care (POC) urinary tract infection diagnoses. Paper-based ELISA, while advantageous, still requires the execution of several procedural steps. Here, we discuss the design and experimental implementation of a turntable paper-based device to simplify the paper-based ELISA protocols for the detection of E. coli. In this process, antibodies or reagents are preloaded onto zones of a paper-based device and allowed to dry before use. We successfully used this device to detect E. coli with a detection limit of 105 colony-forming units (colony-forming unit [CFU])/mL.

Ability ofEscherichia coliO157:H7 isolates to colonize the intestinal tract of conventional adult CD1 mice is transient

2001 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Wayne Conlan ◽  
Sonia L Bardy ◽  
Rhonda KuoLee ◽  
Ann Webb ◽  
Malcolm B Perry
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Intestinal Colonization ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Cd1 Mice ◽  
A Current

In an attempt to improve upon a current mouse model of intestinal colonization by Escherichia coli O157:H7 used in this laboratory for vaccine development, nine clinical isolates of the pathogen were screened for their ability to persist in the intestinal tract of conventional adult CD-1 mice. None of the test isolates of E. coli O157:H7 were capable of colonizing these mice for a period of more than two weeks. Most of the isolates appeared to be benign for the experimental host, but one isolate was lethal. This virulence correlated with the ability of the latter isolate to produce large quantities of Shiga-like toxin 2 in vitro.

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