Age-Related Changes in Gustatory, Homeostatic, Reward, and Memory Processing of Sweet Taste in the Metabolic Syndrome: An fMRI Study

Perception ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 283-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Jacobson ◽  
Erin Green ◽  
Lori Haase ◽  
Jacquelyn Szajer ◽  
Claire Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Sweet Taste ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Energy Regulation ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Orbital Frontal Cortex ◽  
Taste System ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Age Related

Age affects the human taste system at peripheral and central levels. Metabolic syndrome is a constellation of risk factors (e.g., abdominal obesity and hypertension) that co-occur, increase with age, and heighten risk for cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cognitive decline. Little is known about how age, metabolic syndrome, and hunger state interact to influence how the brain processes information about taste. We investigated brain activation during the hedonic evaluation of a pleasant, nutritive stimulus (sucrose) within regions critical for taste, homeostatic energy regulation, and reward, as a function of the interactions among age, metabolic syndrome, and hunger condition. We scanned young and elderly adults, half with risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome twice: Once fasted overnight and once after a preload. Functional magnetic resonance imaging data indicated significant effects of age as well as interactive effects with metabolic syndrome and hunger condition. Age-related differences in activation were dependent on the hunger state in regions critical for homoeostatic energy regulation and basic as well as higher order sensory processing and integration. The effects of age and metabolic syndrome on activation in the insula, orbital frontal cortex, caudate, and the hypothalamus may have particularly important implications for taste processing, energy regulation, and dietary choices.

scholarly journals Associations of n-3 Fatty Acids and Fish Consumption with the Metabolic Syndrome in College Students (P18-022-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Karazurna ◽  
Caitlin Porter ◽  
Jesse Stabile Morrell ◽  
Sherman Bigornia
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
College Students ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Fish Consumption ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Age Related

Abstract Objectives Evidence suggests that omega-3 fatty acid (n-3 FA) and fish consumption may reduce the risk of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) in older adults. We previously reported that MetS components are prevalent among college students. Identifying modifiable risk factors of developing MetS and its components in young adults will inform potential targets to reduce the risk of age-related health conditions. Our objectives were to measure the cross-sectional impacts of n-3 FA and fish consumption on ≥2 or ≥3 MetS criteria and individual criteria among college students. Methods The College Health and Nutrition Assessment Survey is an on-going cross-sectional study at a public New England college. We examined data from Jan 2008 – May 2017. After excluding those with missing data our final sample size was n = 4271 for n-3 FA & n = 2072 for fish intake analyses. Diet was assessed by a 3 day food record; MetS criteria were collected in fasted state. We expressed n-3 FAs as g/1000 kcals/d. Servings of fish/week was obtained via an online survey. Individuals were categorized as consuming ≥ 2 servings/week or not. MetS was defined as meeting ≥ 3 criteria: elevated glucose, triglycerides, blood pressure, waist circumference, and low HDL. Analyses were conducted by logistic regression. Results The average n-3 FA intake was 0.4 g/1000 kcal/d ± 0.25 & 40% consumed ≥ 2 servings of fish/week. Prevalence estimates for meeting ≥ 2 criteria was 18.8% and 4.8% for MetS. In sex- and energy- adjusted models, n-3 FA consumption was inversely associated with MetS (OR = 0.38; 95%CI: 0.20, 0.71) and ≥2 MetS criteria (OR = 0.67; 95%CI: 0.49, 0.91). Associations were no longer significant after considering additional confounders. Fish consumption was not significantly associated with MetS or ≥2 criteria in any model. Further n-3 FAs and fish consumption was not associated with any individual MetS criteria. Conclusions In this cross-sectional study among college students, n-3 FA and fish consumption were not significantly associated with MetS outcomes. Further research is needed in this population using longitudinal study designs to understand long-term impact of n-3 consumption on the development of MetS and associated cardio metabolic risk factors in young adults. Funding Sources New Hampshire Agriculture Experiment Station and USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture Hatch Project 1010738.

Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and its risk factors in Inner Mongolia, China

2009 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Xu ◽  
Y. Zhang ◽  
L. Yu ◽  
W. Tong
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

scholarly journals Telomere Length and Oxidative Stress and Its Relation with Metabolic Syndrome Components in the Aging

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 253
Author(s):  
Graciela Gavia-García ◽  
Juana Rosado-Pérez ◽  
Taide Laurita Arista-Ugalde ◽  
Itzen Aguiñiga-Sánchez ◽  
Edelmiro Santiago-Osorio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Telomere Length ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Telomeric Dna ◽  
Biochemical Alterations ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Age Related ◽  
And Function

A great amount of scientific evidence supports that Oxidative Stress (OxS) can contribute to telomeric attrition and also plays an important role in the development of certain age-related diseases, among them the metabolic syndrome (MetS), which is characterised by clinical and biochemical alterations such as obesity, dyslipidaemia, arterial hypertension, hyperglycaemia, and insulin resistance, all of which are considered as risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular diseases, which are associated in turn with an increase of OxS. In this sense, we review scientific evidence that supports the association between OxS with telomere length (TL) dynamics and the relationship with MetS components in aging. It was analysed whether each MetS component affects the telomere length separately or if they all affect it together. Likewise, this review provides a summary of the structure and function of telomeres and telomerase, the mechanisms of telomeric DNA repair, how telomere length may influence the fate of cells or be linked to inflammation and the development of age-related diseases, and finally, how the lifestyles can affect telomere length.

scholarly journals Association of intraocular pressure with the metabolic syndrome and novel cardiometabolic risk factors

Eye ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 1037-1043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y C Chang ◽  
J-W Lin ◽  
L C Wang ◽  
H M Chen ◽  
J J Hwang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

scholarly journals Anthropometric cut-points for discriminating diabetes and the metabolic syndrome among Arabs and Asians: the Kuwait Diabetes Epidemiology Program

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Victor M. Oguoma ◽  
Neil T. Coffee ◽  
Saad Alsharrah ◽  
Mohamed Abu-Farha ◽  
Faisal H. Al-Refaei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
South Asian ◽  
International Diabetes Federation ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Cut Points ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

Abstract This study aimed to determine anthropometric cut-points for screening diabetes and the metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Arab and South Asian ethnic groups in Kuwait and to compare the prevalence of the MetS based on the ethnic-specific waist circumference (WC) cut-point and the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute WC criteria. The national population-based survey data set of diabetes and obesity in Kuwait adults aged 18–60 years was analysed. Age-adjusted logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were conducted to evaluate for 3589 individuals the utility of WC, waist:height ratio (WHtR) and BMI to discriminate both diabetes and ≥3 CVD risk factors. Areas under the ROC curve were similar for WC, WHtR and BMI. In Arab men, WC, WHtR and BMI cut-offs for diabetes were 106 cm, 0·55 and 28 kg/m2 and for ≥3 CVD risk factors, 97 cm, 0·55 and 28 kg/m2, respectively. In Arab women, cut-offs for diabetes were 107 cm, 0·65 and 33 kg/m2 and for ≥3 CVD risk factors, 93 cm, 0·60 and 30 kg/m2, respectively. WC cut-offs were higher for South Asian women than men. IDF-based WC cut-offs corresponded to a higher prevalence of the MetS across sex and ethnic groups, compared with Kuwait-specific cut-offs. Any of the assessed anthropometric indices can be used in screening of diabetes and ≥3 CVD risk factors in Kuwaiti Arab and Asian populations. ROC values were similar. The WC threshold for screening the MetS in Kuwaiti Arabs and South Asians is higher for women.

Association between Patients with Metabolic Syndrome and Other Various Factors Defining Metabolic Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 12-17
Author(s):  
Basavaraj PG ◽  
Ashok P Yenkanchi ◽  
Chidanand Galagali
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Positive History ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Study Results ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean

Background: Risk factors can lead to clinical conditions, like metabolic syndrome, that predisposes the development of cardiovascular diseases. Objective: The goal of this population-based, prospective and non-randomised cohort study was to study the association between patients with metabolic syndrome and other various factors defining metabolic syndrome. Methods: All the patients referred to the department of Medicine, Al-Ameen Medical college hospital and District Hospital, Vijayapur, Karnataka, India over a period of twenty-two months extending from December 2013 to September 2015 were considered in this study. Results: In the current study, out of 100 patients, 62.9% patients had metabolic syndrome with positive family history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus. 70.8% patients had metabolic syndrome with positive history of smoking. 64.3% patients had metabolic syndrome with positive history of alcohol .73.9% patients had metabolic syndrome with positive history of IHD. 87% of the patients with metabolic syndrome had SBP> 130 mmHg, and 78.85% patients had DBP>85 mmHg. And metabolic syndrome was observed in 71.8% patients on anti hypertensive drugs. The mean level of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglyceride is increased whereas the mean level of anti-atherogenic HDL cholesterol is low in subjects with MS. At least one lipid abnormality was present in > 95 % of cases. Around 81% subjects with BMI <25 (out of 38) had metabolic syndrome and 58% subjects with BMI>25(out of 62) had metabolic syndrome. Conclusion: All the components defining the metabolic syndrome correlated positively with the abdominal obesity. Systolic blood pressure values were significantly higher than diastolic blood pressure in subjects with abdominal obesity. Metabolic syndrome has multiple risk factors determined by various aspects like the race, the life style, geographical factors larger study is needed to understand the correlation between various components defining it. A healthy lifestyle, that includes avoiding tobacco exposure and proper weight control, must be encouraged in this high-risk population. Keywords: Cardiovascular diseases; Overweight; Risk factors; Smoking.

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