Association between Patients with Metabolic Syndrome and Other Various Factors Defining Metabolic Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Risk factors can lead to clinical conditions, like metabolic syndrome, that predisposes the development of cardiovascular diseases. Objective: The goal of this population-based, prospective and non-randomised cohort study was to study the association between patients with metabolic syndrome and other various factors defining metabolic syndrome. Methods: All the patients referred to the department of Medicine, Al-Ameen Medical college hospital and District Hospital, Vijayapur, Karnataka, India over a period of twenty-two months extending from December 2013 to September 2015 were considered in this study. Results: In the current study, out of 100 patients, 62.9% patients had metabolic syndrome with positive family history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus. 70.8% patients had metabolic syndrome with positive history of smoking. 64.3% patients had metabolic syndrome with positive history of alcohol .73.9% patients had metabolic syndrome with positive history of IHD. 87% of the patients with metabolic syndrome had SBP> 130 mmHg, and 78.85% patients had DBP>85 mmHg. And metabolic syndrome was observed in 71.8% patients on anti hypertensive drugs. The mean level of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglyceride is increased whereas the mean level of anti-atherogenic HDL cholesterol is low in subjects with MS. At least one lipid abnormality was present in > 95 % of cases. Around 81% subjects with BMI <25 (out of 38) had metabolic syndrome and 58% subjects with BMI>25(out of 62) had metabolic syndrome. Conclusion: All the components defining the metabolic syndrome correlated positively with the abdominal obesity. Systolic blood pressure values were significantly higher than diastolic blood pressure in subjects with abdominal obesity. Metabolic syndrome has multiple risk factors determined by various aspects like the race, the life style, geographical factors larger study is needed to understand the correlation between various components defining it. A healthy lifestyle, that includes avoiding tobacco exposure and proper weight control, must be encouraged in this high-risk population. Keywords: Cardiovascular diseases; Overweight; Risk factors; Smoking.

Download Full-text

Metabolic Syndrome and Menopause are correlated in Moroccan women population

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202131901058 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 319 ◽

pp. 01058

Author(s):

Otmane El Brini ◽

Omar Akhouayri ◽

Bouchra Benazzouz

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Abdominal Obesity ◽

Menopausal Status ◽

Predisposing Factor ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Moroccan Women

Background: Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of metabolic risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases. Physiological variations occurring in women during menopause are thought to be a predisposing factor for the metabolic syndrome. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its individual components according to menopausal status in a sample of Moroccan women. Methods: We analyzed data of 653 women aged 19 years and older. We used the recently published joint interim statement criteria to classify subjects as having metabolic syndrome. Results: Out of the total subjects, 262 (40.12%) were syndromic. The metabolic syndrome and abdominal obesity were more common in postmenopausal than in premenopausal women. The highest prevalence of metabolic syndrome was observed in menopausal transition especially among women aged 49-52 years (62.59%). During this period, half of women have at least three metabolic syndrome risk factors. Conclusion: Abdominal obesity associated with metabolic changes occurring in menopause was a risk factor for the development of metabolic syndrome in women. There is a need to adopt a healthy lifestyle to prevent weight gain in women. This can minimize the incidence of metabolic syndrome and its consequences as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.

Download Full-text

Abstract P202: The Metabolic Syndrome and Shift Work Among firefighters in South Korea

Hypertension ◽

10.1161/hyp.70.suppl_1.p202 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 70 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Jee eun Choi ◽

Mun-Joo Bae ◽

Sungha Park ◽

Ki-Soo Park ◽

Changsoo Kim

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Shift Work ◽

Work Group ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Common Disease ◽

Multiple Risk Factors ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

History Of

Background/Aim: Multiple risk factors including dysipidemia, hypertension and hyperglycemia which cluster together are termed the metabolic syndrome. It means managing the metabolic syndrome is crucial to prevent cardiovascular disease (CVD). Several studies found that CVD is the common disease and the leading cause of on-duty death among firefighters. Although importance of understanding to investigate risk factors that causes CVD among firefighter has been emphasized, research about it is still behind. Thus, to understand risk factor of CVD among firefighters, this study was examined an association between metabolic syndrome and shift work among firefighters. Methods: A total of 257 men firefighters were included from Firefighter Research Enhancement of Safety & Heath (FRESH) cohort in Korea. No history of CV related disease including hypertension and diabetes were selected. Weight circumference, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were measured. SBP and DBP were measured three times at interval of five minutes in resting and average of the three of SBP and DBP was used in this analysis. Fasting hyperglycaemia, Triglycerides and HDL cholesterol were analysed from blood sample collected from the participants. Metabolic syndrome, using the modified National Cholesterol Education Program (Adult Treatment Panel III) criteria, was defined. The information of shift works, smoking and alcohol consumption were self-reported from the participants and divided into three; no shift work, 24 hour shift work and 2 or 3 shifts works. To analysis the association between metabolic syndrome and shift works, logistic model was used, adjusting for age, BMI, smoking and alcohol. Results: 26 (10.1%) participants out of 257 were metabolic syndrome in the participants group. The unadjusted prevalence of the metabolic syndrome by shift works is 8.2% in no shift work group, 7.1% in 24 hour shift work group and 15.9% in 2 or 3 shifts work group. Adjusted Odds Ratio (OR) with 95% CI for 24 hours shift work was 1.51 [0.35 6.45] and 4.77 [1.08 20.9] for 3 shifts works. Conclusions: There is an association between metabolic syndrome and shift work in Korea firefighters, which implies shift work might be associated with CVD.

Download Full-text

METABOLIC SYNDROME AS A GERONTOLOGICAL PROBLEM (LITERATURE REVIEW)

Успехи геронтологии ◽

10.34922/ae.2020.33.3.008 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 479-487

Author(s):

В. А. Карпин

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Metabolic Disorders ◽

Fat Metabolism ◽

Peripheral Tissues ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Tissue Sensitivity ◽

Almost All

Метаболический синдром - это комплекс взаимосвязанных нарушений углеводного и жирового обмена, а также механизмов регуляции АД и функции эндотелия, в основе развития которых лежит снижение чувствительности тканей к инсулину. Следовательно, ведущим компонентом, патофизиологической основой и объединяющим фактором большинства симптомов, описываемых в рамках метаболического синдрома, является резистентность периферических тканей к действию инсулина, тесно коррелирующая с большинством метаболических нарушений. Необходимо подчеркнуть, что практически все составляющие метаболического синдрома являются установленными факторами риска развития сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний. Вероятность развития метаболического синдрома увеличивается с возрастом. В статье обсуждается возможность представления метаболического синдрома как геронтологической проблемы. Metabolic syndrome is a complex of interrelated disorders of carbohydrate and fat metabolism, as well as mechanisms for regulating blood pressure and endothelial function, which are based on a decrease in tissue sensitivity to insulin. Therefore, the leading component, pathophysiological basis and uniting factor of most of the symptoms described in metabolic syndrome is the resistance of peripheral tissues to the action of insulin, which is closely correlated with most metabolic disorders. It should be emphasized that almost all components of metabolic syndrome are established risk factors for developing cardiovascular diseases. The likelihood of developing metabolic syndrome increases with age. The article discusses the possibility of presenting the metabolic syndrome as a gerontological problem.

Download Full-text

METABOLIC SYNDROME - THIS IS SERIOUS!

Medical Journal of the Russian Federation ◽

10.18821/0869-2106-2019-25-4-234-237 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 25 (4) ◽

pp. 234-237

Author(s):

Tatiana I. Turkina ◽

S. N Shcherbo ◽

P. D Vaganov

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Insulin Resistance ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Common Variant ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Clinical Disorders

Metabolic syndrome is a complex of metabolic, hormonal and clinical disorders that are risk factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases, which are based on insulin resistance and compensatory hyperinsulinemia. The main mechanisms of the effects of chronic hyperinsulinemia on blood pressure are given, and the main symptoms and manifestations of the metabolic syndrome are given. The most common variant of dyslipidemia in the metabolic syndrome is the lipid triad.

Download Full-text

Components Analysis of Metabolic Syndrome in Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients

TAJ Journal of Teachers Association ◽

10.3329/taj.v29i2.39100 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 6-10

Author(s):

Khan MMR ◽

Sana NK ◽

PM Basak ◽

BC Sarker ◽

M Akhtarul Islam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽

High Blood Pressure ◽

Abdominal Obesity ◽

Premature Death ◽

Medical College ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Low Hdl

Background: Metabolic syndrome confers the risk of developing acute myocardial infarction which is the most common form of coronary heart disease and the single most important cause of premature death worldwide. The frequency and association of different components of metabolic syndrome on AMI are not well understood and has not been well evaluated.Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the components of the metabolic syndrome and its association with AMI patients. This study will help in awareness building in reducing AMI by early detection of components of metabolic syndrome.Patients and methods: This was a prospective observational study consisted of 325 AMI patients who were aged >20 years. Patients with first time AMI arriving in CCU of Rajshahi medical college during the period of 2012-2014, were included. Data were collected through interview, clinical examination, and laboratory tests within 24 hrs of AMI. Five components of metabolic syndrome were defined according to criteria set by modified NCEP ATP III (according to ethnic variation).Results: In AMI patients (n=325), no metabolic components were in 24 (7.4%) patients, one in 53 (16.3%), 2 components in 91(28.0%), 3 components were in 61(18.8%), 4 in 67(20.6%) and all 5 components were in 29 (8.9%) patients. In this study, there was no component in 7.4% of AMI patients, at least 1 component was 92.6%, at least 2 components were 76.3%, at least 3 components were 48.3%, at least 4 components were 29.5% and at least 5 components were 8.9%. The Metabolic syndrome was 48.3% (n=157). Among metabolic syndrome (≥3 components) in AMI (n=157, 48.3%) 4 components (20.6%) were more, next was 3 components (18.8%) and than 5 components (8.9%). Overall frequencies of components in acute myocardial infarction (n=325) were in order of abdominal obesity (54.8%) > high blood pressure (54.5%) > high FPG (54.2%) > Triglyceride (46.2%) and low HDL-C (46.2%) in acute myocardial infarction. Highest percentage was observed in abdominal obesity (54.8%) followed by high blood pressure (54.5%) and FPG (54.2%).TAJ 2016; 29(2): 6-10

Download Full-text

Abstract MP19: Higher Parity is Associated With Components of the Metabolic Syndrome Among U.S. Hispanic/Latina Women: Results From the HCHS/SOL Study

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.131.suppl_1.mp19 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 131 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Catherine J Vladutiu ◽

Anna Maria Siega-Riz ◽

Alison M Stuebe ◽

Daniela Sotres-Alvarez ◽

Andy Ni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Abdominal Obesity ◽

Hispanic Women ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Latina Women ◽

Live Births ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Elevated Glucose ◽

Low Hdl

Background: Physiologic adaptations occurring across successive pregnancies may increase the risk of adverse cardiovascular health outcomes in later life. Previous studies have found an association between higher parity and the metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, no studies have examined this association in a Hispanic/Latina population. Hispanic women have a higher prevalence of the MetS and higher birth rates than non-Hispanic women. Hypothesis: We assessed the hypothesis that higher parity is associated with the prevalence of components of the MetS in a cohort of Hispanic/Latina women. Methods: There were 9,482 Hispanic/Latina women of diverse backgrounds, aged 18-74 years, who participated in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) from 2008-2011. Components of the MetS were defined according to the AHA/NHLBI criteria and included abdominal obesity (waist circumference ≥88cm), elevated triglycerides (≥150 mg/dL), low HDL cholesterol (<50mg/dL), high blood pressure (systolic ≥130mmHg or diastolic ≥85mmHg or on medication), and elevated fasting glucose (≥100mg/dL or on medication). Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios for the association between parity and components of the MetS, adjusting for sociodemographic, behavioral, and reproductive characteristics, and accounting for the complex survey design and sampling weights. Results: At HCHS/SOL baseline, women reported none (19.2%), one (18.9%), two (25.3%), three (19.7%), four (9.3%), and five or more (7.6%) prior live births. Compared to women with only one live birth, women with four live births had the highest odds of abdominal obesity (OR=2.5, 95% CI 1.8, 3.3) and those with five or more live births had the highest odds of low HDL cholesterol (OR=1.5, 95% CI 1.2, 1.9), elevated glucose (OR=1.8, 95% CI 1.3, 2.3), elevated triglycerides (OR=1.4, 95% CI 1.01, 1.8), and high blood pressure (OR=1.5, 95% CI 1.1, 2.0), after adjusting for age, Hispanic background, education, marital status, income, nativity, smoking, physical activity, menopause status, oral contraceptive use, hormone replacement therapy, and field center. Further adjustment for body mass index attenuated these associations for all MetS components, including abdominal obesity (OR=1.5, 95% CI 1.1, 2.2), low HDL cholesterol (OR=1.3, 95% CI 1.03, 1.7), and elevated glucose (OR=1.6, 95% CI 1.2, 2.1), but the associations for triglycerides and blood pressure were no longer statistically significant. Conclusion: Higher parity is associated with the prevalence of selected components of the MetS among U.S. Hispanic/Latina women. High parity among Latinas with a high prevalence of abdominal obesity suggests a context of high risk for metabolic dysregulation. A better characterization of the links between pregnancy, adiposity, and body fat distribution is needed.

Download Full-text

The metabolic syndrome – What is it and how should it be managed?

European Journal of Preventive Cardiology ◽

10.1177/2047487319886404 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 26 (2_suppl) ◽

pp. 33-46 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Peter M Nilsson ◽

Jaakko Tuomilehto ◽

Lars Rydén

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Elevated Blood Pressure ◽

Elevated Blood ◽

Successful Management ◽

Unhealthy Lifestyle ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Frail Elderly People

A cluster of metabolic factors have been merged into an entity named the metabolic syndrome. Although the characteristics of this syndrome have varied over time the presently used definition was established in 2009. The presence of three abnormal findings out of five components qualifies a person for the metabolic syndrome: elevated waist circumference, elevated triglycerides, reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, elevated blood pressure and elevated fasting plasma glucose. Cut points have been defined for all components apart from waist circumference, for which national or regional values are used. The metabolic syndrome predicts cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. This associated risk does not exceed its components whereof elevated blood pressure is the most frequent. A successful management should, however, address all factors involved. The management is always based on healthy lifestyle choices but has not infrequently to be supported by pharmacological treatment, especially blood pressure lowering drugs. The metabolic syndrome is a useful example of the importance of multiple targets for preventive interventions. To be successful management has to be individualized not the least when it comes to pharmacological therapy. Frail elderly people should not be over-treated. Knowledge transfer of how risk factors act should be accompanied by continuous trust building and motivation. In complex situations with a mix of biological risk factors, adverse social conditions and unhealthy lifestyle, everything cannot be changed at once. It is better to aim for small steps that are lasting than large, unsustainable steps with relapses to unhealthy behaviours. A person with the metabolic syndrome will always be afflicted by its components, which is the reason that management has to be sustained over a very long time. This review summarizes the knowledge on the metabolic syndrome and its management according to present state of the art.

Download Full-text

Electronic Cigarette Use and Metabolic Syndrome Development: A Critical Review

Toxics ◽

10.3390/toxics8040105 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 105

Author(s):

Ilona Górna ◽

Marta Napierala ◽

Ewa Florek

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Arterial Blood Pressure ◽

Abdominal Obesity ◽

Critical Review ◽

Lifestyle Modifications ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Arterial Blood ◽

The Impact

The metabolic syndrome is a combination of several metabolic disorders, such as cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, and type 2 diabetes. Lifestyle modifications, including quitting smoking, are recommended to reduce the risk of metabolic syndrome and its associated complications. Not much research has been conducted in the field of e-cigarettes and the risk of metabolic syndrome. Furthermore, taking into account the influence of e-cigarettes vaping on the individual components of metabolic syndrome, i.e, abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and elevated arterial blood pressure, the results are also ambiguous. This article is a review and summary of existing reports on the impact of e-cigarettes on the development of metabolic syndrome as well as its individual components. A critical review for English language articles published until 30 June 2020 was made, using a PubMed (including MEDLINE), Cochrane, CINAHL Plus, and Web of Science data. The current research indicated that e-cigarettes use does not affect the development of insulin resistance, but could influence the level of glucose and pre-diabetic state development. The lipid of profile an increase in the TG level was reported, while the influence on the level of concentration of total cholesterol, LDL fraction, and HDL fraction differed. In most cases, e-cigarettes use increased the risk of developing abdominal obesity or higher arterial blood pressure. Further research is required to provide more evidence on this topic.

Download Full-text

The Metabolic Syndrome and Risk of Chronic Kidney Disease: Pathophysiology and Intervention Strategies

Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1155/2012/652608 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Heather A. LaGuardia ◽

L. Lee Hamm ◽

Jing Chen

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Intervention Strategies ◽

Elevated Blood ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Prevalence Of Obesity ◽

Complications And Mortality

Metabolic syndrome is characterized by a clustering of cardiovascular risk factors, including abdominal obesity, elevated blood pressure and glucose concentrations, and dyslipidemia. The presence of this clinical entity is becoming more pervasive throughout the globe as the prevalence of obesity increases worldwide. Moreover, there is increased recognition of the complications and mortality related to this syndrome. This paper looks to examine the link between metabolic syndrome and the development of chronic kidney disease.

Download Full-text

Cardiovascular Diseases’ Awareness Among Women in Northern Jordan

Global Journal of Health Science ◽

10.5539/gjhs.v11n3p102 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 102

Author(s):

Abdulhakeem M Okour ◽

Rami A Saadeh ◽

Neda Redwan ◽

Muhammad Faizal Bin A. Ghani

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Demographic Information ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Related Risk ◽

History Of ◽

Treatment Plans ◽

The Mean ◽

Health Objectives

BACKGROUND: Women’s awareness of chronic diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, is the cornerstone in promoting women’s health. Objectives: To examine the relationship of awareness levels about cardiovascular diseases and their related risk factors with demographic information of Jordanian women. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of 18 years and older women. Scores of awareness were computed for each individual and were divided into 4 quartiles. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association of demographic information of participants with mean scores of quartiles. ANOVA analysis was used to compare the mean scores of quartiles. RESULTS: A total of 514 women completed the questionnaire, with a mean age of 35.46 (±12.53). Current smokers were 6.2%, and 34.6% had a family history of heart disease. The proportion of diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and overweight/obesity were 15.6%, 19.3%, 14.4%, & 21.6% respectively. The mean score for awareness was 12.87 (+ 3.26). Women who had lower income and who were at younger age were more likely to score low in awareness. CONCLUSION: Women illustrated a fair level of awareness of CVD and its related risk factors. Increasing women awareness of CVD through educational programs, targeted toward women at risk, assists in disease prevention and help to improve treatment plans.

Download Full-text