scholarly journals Exploring historic changes in musical communication: Deconstructing emotional cues in preludes by Bach and Chopin

2021 ◽  
pp. 030573562110463
Author(s):  
Cameron J. Anderson ◽  
Michael Schutz
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Communication ◽  
Emotional Cues ◽  
Ongoing Effort ◽  
Unique Effect ◽  
Musical Scores ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Compositional Choices ◽  
Commonality Analysis ◽  
Musical Communication ◽  
Over Time

A growing body of research analyzing musical scores suggests mode’s relationship with other expressive cues has changed over time. However, to the best of our knowledge, the perceptual implications of these changes have not been formally assessed. Here, we explore how compositional choices of 17th- and 19th-century composers (J. S. Bach and F. Chopin, respectively) differentially affect emotional communication. This novel exploration builds on our team’s previous techniques using commonality analysis to decompose intercorrelated cues in unaltered excerpts of influential compositions. In doing so, we offer an important naturalistic complement to traditional experimental work—often involving tightly controlled stimuli constructed to avoid the intercorrelations inherent to naturalistic music. Our data indicate intriguing changes in cues’ effects between Bach and Chopin, consistent with score-based research suggesting mode’s “meaning” changed across historical eras. For example, mode’s unique effect accounts for the most variance in valence ratings of Chopin’s preludes, whereas its shared use with attack rate plays a more prominent role in Bach’s. We discuss the implications of these findings as part of our field’s ongoing effort to understand the complexity of musical communication—addressing issues only visible when moving beyond stimuli created for scientific, rather than artistic, goals.

Electroconvulsive therapy awareness as approach for psychology students

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (73) (1) ◽  
pp. 226-233
Author(s):  
Simona Trifu ◽  
Elena Mănicu ◽  
Milu Petruţ ◽  
Adrian Nicu Lupu
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Electroconvulsive Therapy ◽  
Psychology Students ◽  
Epidemiological Evidence ◽  
Clinical Literature ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Current Guidelines ◽  
Over Time

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) generated many controversies over time. The clinical literature establishing the efficacy of ECT is among the most solid for any medical treatment, and has been extensively reviewed; however, both practitioners and patients seem to be still reluctant on this issue. In the following review we are aiming at raising the level of awareness among the interested parties regarding ECT. Epidemiological evidence shows that there are a growing number of cases in which ECT has a great benefit, among the most notable being pharmacological resistant depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, catatonia and others. Current guidelines seem to be overly-prudent regarding ECT indications, in spite of a growing body of research attesting to its importance. Side effects of ECT range from somatic to cognitive and, with a careful prior examination, most are acute and can be managed in a few minutes. An exception to this is the cognitive impairment, which can last from a few hours to a few weeks and presents a reason to reconsider ECT in elderly patients with an important preexisting cognitive impairment.

Introduction

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Albjerg Graham
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Racial Segregation ◽  
Academic Learning ◽  
School Practices ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Musical Scores ◽  
American Children ◽  
High Level ◽  
Over Time

Schools in America have danced to different drummers during their long history. Sometimes the drumbeat demanded rigidity in all programs; sometimes it wanted academic learning for only a few. Sometimes it encouraged unleashing children’s creativity, not teaching them facts. Sometimes it wanted children to solve the social problems, such as racial segregation, adults could not handle. Sometimes it tacitly supported some schools as warehouses, not instructional facilities. Sometimes it sought schooling to be the equalizer in a society in which the gap between rich and poor was growing. Sometimes the principal purpose of schooling seemed to be teaching citizenship and developing habits of work appropriate for a democratic society, while at other times its purpose seemed to be preparation for employment, which needed the same habits of work but also some academic skills. Now, the drumbeat demands that all children achieve academically at a high level and the measure of that achievement is tests. The rhythm and tempo of the drumbeats have shifted relatively frequently, but the schools have not adjusted to the new musical scores with alacrity. They are typically just beginning to master the previous drummers’ music when new drummers appear. Many, though not all, of the new beats have been improvements both for the children and for the nation. All drummers have sought literacy in English for American children, though very modest literacy levels have been acceptable in the past. Drummers have always sought a few students who attained high levels of academic achievement, including children from disparate social, economic, and racial backgrounds. Beyond that consensus, however, what we have wanted from schooling has changed dramatically over time. These expectations for schools typically have been expressed through criticisms—often virulent—of current school practices, and the responses that followed inevitably were slower and less complete than the most ardent critics demanded. These are the shifting assignments given to schools. The following chapters of this book describe these shifting assignments given to schools and then to colleges during the last century: “Assimilation: 1900– 1920”; “Adjustment: 1920–1954”; “Access: 1954–1983”; and “Achievement: 1983–Present.”

The Changing Nature of Professional Regulation in Canada, 1867–1961

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracey L. Adams
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
State Agencies ◽  
Professional Regulation ◽  
The Past ◽  
State Research ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Significant Change ◽  
Canadian Provinces ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

There is a growing body of literature exploring the relationship between regulated professions and the state. Research has shown that the state is the key source of power for professions, and it has suggested that professions may support and assist state agencies and actors in many ways. Although studies have documented changing state-profession relations across region and era and recent research points to significant change in the regulation of some professions in the past decade or two, there remains much that we do not know about the changing nature of professional regulation over time. In this article I examine professional regulation in four Canadian provinces between 1867 and 1961. The findings reveal distinct eras of professional regulation and definite differences in who is regulated and how over time. There are many more regulated professions toward the end of the period, they are more closely regulated by the state, and their relationships to each other are more closely delineated. The implications for our understanding of state-profession relations over time are discussed.

scholarly journals What Does Urban Transformation Look Like? Findings from a Global Prize Competition

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 4653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Maassen ◽  
Madeleine Galvin
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Epistemic Community ◽  
Urban Transformation ◽  
Recent Systematic Review ◽  
The World ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Prize Competition ◽  
Recent Initiative ◽  
Over Time

Different disciplines are grappling with the concept of ‘urban transformation’ reflecting its planetary importance and urgency. A recent systematic review traces the emergence of a normative epistemic community that is concerned with helping make sustainable urban transformation a reality. Our contribution to this growing body of work springs out of a recent initiative at the World Resources Institute, namely, the WRI Ross Prize for Cities, a global award for transformative projects that have ignited sustainable changes in their city. In this paper we explain the competition-based approach that was used to source transformative initiatives and relate our findings to existing currents in urban transformation scholarship and key debates. We focus on one of the questions at the heart of the normative urban transformation agenda: what does urban transformation look like in practice? Based on an analysis of the five finalists, we describe urban transformation as encompassing a plurality of contextual and relative changes, which may progress and accelerate positively, or regress over time. An evaluative approach that considers varying ‘degrees’ and ‘types’ of urban transformation is proposed to establish meaning within single cases and across several cases of urban transformation.

A Work in Progress Development of United States National Park Service Museum Collection Significance Evaluation Criteria

Collections ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurel Racine ◽  
Greg McDonald ◽  
Ted Fremd ◽  
Ted Weasma ◽  
J.W. Bayless ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
National Park ◽  
National Park Service ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Museum Collection ◽  
Ongoing Effort ◽  
Final Development ◽  
Agency Support ◽  
Park Service ◽  
Over Time

This article describes the National Park Service's (NPS) progress in an ongoing effort to develop museum collection significance criteria for its geology, paleontology, biology, archeology, ethnography/ethnology, history, and archival collections. The goal is to create sets of significance criteria that are practical, flexible, recognize the associative value of the NPS's collections, and provide continuity and context for the stewardship of collections over time. Effective significance criteria will increase the intellectual understanding of collections; inform and record collection acquisition and deaccession; and assist in management decisions related to collections. This is an immense undertaking complicated by differences among disciplines and a large geographic scope. The significance criteria effort requires agency support through a national staff coordinator and funding for the final development and implementation phases.

Autobiographical Memory and Identities in Organizations

2020 ◽  
pp. 373-390
Author(s):  
Roy Suddaby ◽  
Majken Schultz ◽  
Trevor Israelsen
Keyword(s):  
Autobiographical Memory ◽  
Collective Memory ◽  
Organizational Memory ◽  
The Self ◽  
Life Narrative ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ongoing Effort ◽  
Narrative Constructions ◽  
Autonoetic Consciousness ◽  
Over Time

Current theories of identity in organizations assume and valorize stability of identity over time. In this chapter the authors challenge this assumption by introducing contemporary understandings of the fluidity of time in the construction of autobiographical memory. They argue that, both in individual and organizational memory, narrative constructions of the self fluidly incorporate episodes from the past, present, and future in an ongoing effort to create a coherent autobiography. They elaborate the construct of autobiographical memory as constituted by autonoetic consciousness, life narrative, and collective memory and discuss the implications for identities in organizations.

Characterizing Accounting Research

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 635-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek K. Oler ◽  
Mitchell J. Oler ◽  
Christopher J. Skousen
Keyword(s):  
Academic Discipline ◽  
Financial Information ◽  
Financial Accounting ◽  
Accounting Research ◽  
Current State ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Positive Perspective ◽  
Normative Perspective ◽  
Over Time

SYNOPSIS: In response to concerns over the viability of the academic discipline of accounting, we investigate trends in accounting research by examining papers published in six top accounting journals from 1960 to 2007. We use citations made by accounting papers as a proxy for their antecedent ideas and examine trends in citations, topics, and methodologies, in aggregate and by journal. Our results suggest that the growing body of accounting research draws increasingly from both finance and economics. Financial accounting topics and archival methodologies are becoming more dominant over time relative to other topics and methodologies, although these trends vary by journal. Though most concerns we discuss are recent, we find that the situation today is the result of trends set in motion decades ago with an explicit decision by influential researchers to move the discipline from a normative perspective to a positive perspective. Given its current state, accounting research may be broadly characterized as research into the effect of economic events on the process of summarizing, analyzing, verifying, and reporting standardized financial information, and on the effects of reported information on economic events.

Successive Searching Behaviour During Information Retrieval (IR) Interaction: Development of a New Line of Research

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Spink ◽  
Judy Bateman ◽  
Howard Griesdorf
Keyword(s):  
Information Retrieval ◽  
Searching Behaviour ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Digital Environments ◽  
Information Problem ◽  
Over Time

The study of successive searching, or user's pattern of search sessions in digital environments over time related to the same or evolving information problem, is developing as a new line of investigation. A growing body of studies is beginning to investigate and characterize the successive searching process. This area of research draws together information retrieval (IR) research. . .

Traditional Exploitation Methods, Efficiency, and Consequences for River Turtles

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don Moll ◽  
Edward O. Moll
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Physical Ability ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The World ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Collecting Methods ◽  
High Level ◽  
Species Being ◽  
Over Time ◽  
River Turtles

A wide variety of ingenious methods for collecting river turtles have been developed over time. None requires a particularly high level of technology but many require a great deal of skill, patience, and sometimes physical ability by the collectors, as well as a detailed knowledge of the ecology of the species being sought. Many parallel collecting methods have developed independently in turtle-dependent cultures around the world, leading Nicholls (1977) to state in regard to Bates’s (1863) description of an Amazonian turtle hunt, “With some allowance for small differences in technique, his descriptions provide an accurate image of turtle hunting as it was practiced anytime, anywhere, during the past thousands of years.” We thought that a summary of these techniques with comment upon their variation in different areas and with different species, their effects on populations when this can be ascertained, and examples of their practitioners would be an appropriate addition to our treatment of river turtle exploitation patterns. We will limit our discussion mainly to techniques employed by subsistence and commercial turtlers for obtaining animals and largely omit reference to the growing body of information concerning the collection of turtles for scientific purposes (many of which are largely modifications of the former techniques). For information concerning the latter category the reader is referred to the excellent summary of equipment and techniques by Plummer (1979) and papers by Carr and Marchand (1942), Chaney and Smith (1950), Legler (1960b), Ream and Ream (1966), Wahlquist (1970), Bider and Hoek (1971), Braid (1974), Robinson and Murphy (1975), MacCulloch and Gordon (1978), Iverson (1979), Petokas and Alexander (1979), Vogt (1980b), Frazer et al. (1990), Kennett (1992), Graham and Georges (1996), Jensen (1998), and Kuchling (2003b). Free diving for turtles is of course a time-honored, effective, and nearly cosmopolitan approach to collecting turtles that requires little or no equipment. While diving mask, fins and sophisticated breathing gear certainly enhance the process, they are not required by skilled divers in order to harvest large numbers of turtles.

scholarly journals Views from the boundaries

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (70) ◽  
pp. 032-049
Author(s):  
Daniel Nordgård
Keyword(s):  
Economic Models ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Over Time

This article explores how Norwegian record label managers understand their current positions and future possibilities in a market that is increasingly driven by on-demand subscription-based streaming. It adds to a growing body of research by adopting a qualitative approach, seeking to describe issues at a personal or company level, and provide nuance and dynamics in a discourse that is often described in dichotomies and on aggregate levels. The article argues that stakeholders have more varied attitudes than simply being for or against the innovation, the new economic models and their eff ects on their own business, and the market in general. It also demonstrates that perceptions change as markets develop, and stakeholders and their businesses adjust. The article uses four in-depth interviews to assess a 2013 government-initiated project, and provides insights into differing positions and changes over time.

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