Intelligence Assessment Instruments in Adult Prison Populations: A Systematic Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 3225-3244 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Y. M. van Esch ◽  
A. D. Denzel ◽  
E. J. A. Scherder ◽  
E. D. M. Masthoff
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Quality Measurement ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Assessment Instrument ◽  
Legal Rights ◽  
Reliable Estimate ◽  
Assessment Instruments ◽  
Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Prison Populations

Detection of intellectual disability (ID) in the penitentiary system is important for the following reasons: (a) to provide assistance to people with ID in understanding their legal rights and court proceedings; (b) to facilitate rehabilitation programs tailored to ID patients, which improves the enhancement of their quality of life and reduces their risk of reoffending; and (c) to provide a reliable estimate of the risk of offence recidivism. It requires a short assessment instrument that provides a reliable estimation of a person’s intellectual functioning at the earliest possible stage of this process. The aim of this systematic review is (a) to provide an overview of recent short assessment instruments that provide a full-scale IQ score in adult prison populations and (b) to achieve a quality measurement of the validation studies regarding these instruments to determine which tests are most feasible in this target population. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses Statement is used to ensure reliability. The Satz-Mögel, an item-reduction short form of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, shows the highest correlation with the golden standard and is described to be most reliable. Nevertheless, when it comes to applicability in prison populations, the shorter and less verbal Quick Test can be preferred over others. Without affecting these conclusions, major limitations emerge from the present systematic review, which give rise to several important recommendations for further research.

scholarly journals The Concept of Heat Transfer measured by Cognitive Domain Assessment Instruments

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 140
Author(s):  
Ni Kadek Yuniasih ◽  
Kadek Yudiana ◽  
I Gusti Ngurah Japa
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Quality Measurement ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Assessment Instrument ◽  
Cognitive Domain ◽  
Difficulty Level ◽  
Assessment Instruments ◽  
Validity Data ◽  
Very High ◽  
Instrument Quality

The lack of availability in assessment instruments used and unmet cognitive levels of C3-C6 resulted in poor quality assessments. This study aims to develop cognitive domain assessment instruments on the concept of heat transfer material in grade V elementary school. This research was development research that used 4D models (Four-D models) to define, design, develop, and disseminate. The subject of study was the assessment instrument of the cognitive realm with the object of research, that was the instrument quality. Measurement of the validity of the content was done on two experts/judges using the non-test method and instruments of the expert validity sheet. Instrument quality measurement was conducted with field trials of 106 students using multiple-choice objective test instruments. The content validity data obtained were analyzed with the Gregory formula, while the field test result data analyzed the validity of the grain, reliability, different power, and difficulty level.  The results showed that the validity of the content obtained by 0.97 (very high) with the test results of the item's validity got 30 points of the question was declared valid. The instrument reliability index was developed by 0.85 (very high). The average coefficient of different power obtained is 0.51 (good) with a test device difficulty of 0.52 (medium). The result demonstrated cognitive domain assessment instruments that were developed feasible and can be used in conducting learning assessments in the cognitive realm.

scholarly journals Dementia in Eastern Mediterranean countries: A systematic review

Dementia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 2635-2661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Mahmoud Yaghmour ◽  
Ruth Bartlett ◽  
Tula Brannelly
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Assessment Instrument ◽  
Assessment Instruments ◽  
Low Literacy ◽  
Culturally Sensitive Care ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Health And Social Care

Globally, there is an increase in the older population, whose lives are affected by local cultural norms. In Eastern Mediterranean countries, dementia is conventionally hidden from view with few dedicated services or recognition for diagnosis. The aim of this systematic review is to explore the limited literature on dementia and cognitive impairment among older people in Eastern Mediterranean countries to present an evaluation of current practices and to consolidate knowledge for future planning. Thirty-three studies were identified for inclusion in the review, and four themes were apparent. Firstly, prevalence, comorbidity and gender: In Eastern Mediterranean countries, many studies identify that the prevalence of dementia is high. As is the case elsewhere, many older adults in Eastern Mediterranean countries have at least one coexisting long-term condition, and some experience low life-satisfaction. Secondly, culture: In Eastern Mediterranean countries, the older adult is highly respected, and placement outside of the family home is considered an abandonment of family duty. The term dementia carries stigma, and it is widely believed that dementia is caused by ‘fate’. Thirdly, recognition and tools: There is a lack of verified assessment instruments to assess for dementia. Despite concerns about the cultural appropriateness of the Mini-Mental State Exam, particularly for people who have low literacy levels, and low literacy being the norm in Eastern Mediterranean countries, the Mini-Mental State Examination is the main assessment instrument. Translation and transition of non-Arabic assessment instruments and tools with psychometric properties presents a challenge for clinicians. Finally, workforce issues: health care workers lack knowledge about dementia, as dementia care is a relatively recent addition to the nursing and medical syllabi. While there were some inconsistencies in the papers published, many of the articles call for increasing educational programmes and health and social care policies to promote improved and practical gerontological nursing and medicine. Health care professionals need education about sociocultural, religious, and language needs to deliver improved culturally sensitive care.

Pengembangan Instrumen Penilaian Kinerja Praktikum Organisasi Kehidupan Berbasis Konstruktivisme Kelas VII SMP

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
Dewi Febrianty ◽  
Risnita Risnita ◽  
Afreni Hamidah
Keyword(s):  
Performance Assessment ◽  
Positive Response ◽  
Assessment Instrument ◽  
Assessment Instruments ◽  
Development Research ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
Assessment Sheet ◽  
Practical Performance ◽  
Made In

Practical performance assessment is an important part of the learning process, but several obstacles are found in its implementation. The objectives of this study are (1) to develop constructivism-based performance assessment instruments for class VII Yunior High School in  Life Organization subject,  (2) to describe aspects that need to be made in constructivism-based practical performance assessment instruments, and (3) to describe teacher responses in using constructivism-based practical performance assessment instruments. This research is a development research using a 4D model, the stages are defining, design, development and distribution. The trial subjects in this study consisted of 10 students for small group trials and 40 students for large group trials. The indicators used in the study include aspects related to the development of constructivist life-based practicum assessment instruments. Instrument used was a questionnaire to reveal the response of teachers and students to practical performance assessment instruments. The results of the data analysis showed that the content feasibility value is 86.31% at the intervals of 48.33 which means it is feasible to use. Most students gave a positive response to the assessment sheet given (96.67%), a small portion gave a negative response (33.3%). Because the average positive response of students is more than 75%, the performance assessment instrument is considered feasible to be applied.

scholarly journals Suitability of Measurement Tools for Assessing the Prevalence of Child Domestic Work: A Rapid Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2357
Author(s):  
Nicola S. Pocock ◽  
Clara W. Chan ◽  
Cathy Zimmerman
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Domestic Work ◽  
Quality Measurement ◽  
Measurement Tool ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Measurement Tools ◽  
Survey Instruments ◽  
Nationally Representative

Child domestic work (CDW) is a hidden form of child labour. Globally, there were an estimated 17.2 million CDWs aged 5–17 in 2012, but there has been little critical analysis of methods and survey instruments used to capture prevalence of CDW. This rapid systematic review identified and critically reviewed the measurement tools used to estimate CDWs in Low- and Middle-Income Countries, following PRISMA guidelines (PROSPERO registration: CRD42019148702). Fourteen studies were included. In nationally representative surveys, CDW prevalence ranged from 17% among 13–24-year-old females in Haiti to 2% of children aged 10–17 in Brazil. Two good quality studies and one good quality measurement tool were identified. CDW prevalence was assessed using occupation-based methods (n = 9/14), household roster (n = 7) and industry methods (n = 4). Six studies combined approaches. Four studies included task-based questions; one study used this method to formally calculate prevalence. The task-based study estimated 30,000 more CDWs compared to other methods. CDWs are probably being undercounted, based on current standard measurement approaches. We recommend use of more sensitive, task-based methods for inclusion in household surveys. The cognitive and pilot testing of newly developed task-based questions is essential to ensure comprehension. In analyses, researchers should consider CDWs who may be disguised as distant or non-relatives.

scholarly journals The Association Between Treatment Interval and Survival in Patients With Colon or Rectal Cancer: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruud F. W. Franssen ◽  
Maud T. A. Strous ◽  
Bart C. Bongers ◽  
F. Jeroen Vogelaar ◽  
Maryska L. G. Janssen-Heijnen
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Rectal Cancer ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Optimal Treatment ◽  
Reliable Estimate ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Curative Surgery ◽  
Cancer Specific Survival ◽  
Treatment Interval

Abstract Background Surgery for colon or rectal cancer is associated with a high incidence of complications, especially in patients with a low aerobic fitness. Those patients might benefit from a comprehensive preoperative workup including prehabilitation. However, time between diagnosis and treatment is often limited due to current treatment guidelines. To date, it is unclear whether the treatment interval can be extended without compromising survival. Methods A systematic review concerning the association between treatment intervals and survival in patients who underwent elective curative surgery for colon or rectal cancer was performed. A search up to December 2020 was conducted in PubMed, Cinahl and Embase. Original research articles were eligible. Quality assessment was performed using the Downs and Black checklist. Results Eleven observational studies were included (897 947 patients). In colon cancer, treatment intervals that were statistically significant associated with reduced overall survival or cancer-specific survival ranged between > 30 and > 84 days. In rectal cancer, only one out of four studies showed that treatment intervals > 49 days was associated with reduced cancer-specific survival. Conclusions This systematic review identified that studies investigating the association between treatment intervals and survival are heterogeneous with regard to treatment interval definitions, treatment interval time intervals and used outcome measures. These aspects need standardization before a reliable estimate of an optimal treatment interval can be made. In addition, further research should focus on establishing optimal treatment intervals in patients at high risk for postoperative complications, as particularly these patients might benefit from extended diagnosis to treatment intervals permitting comprehensive preoperative preparation.

Cognitive deficits in problematic drinkers with and without mild to borderline intellectual disability

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neomi van Duijvenbode ◽  
Robert Didden ◽  
Joanne EL VanDerNagel ◽  
Hubert PLM Korzilius ◽  
Rutger CME Engels
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Intelligence Scale ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Disorder Identification ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence

We examined cognitive deficits in problematic drinkers with and without mild to borderline intellectual disability (MBID). Problematic drinkers were expected to show a significantly lower estimated performance IQ (PIQ), but not a lower estimated verbal IQ (VIQ), compared to light drinkers. Participants ( N = 474) were divided into four groups based on IQ and severity of alcohol use-related problems. IQ was estimated using (a short form of) the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale third edition. Severity of alcohol use-related problems was assessed using the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test. Overall, there were no significant differences between light and problematic drinkers on estimated VIQ. Within the group without MBID, estimated PIQ was significantly lower. Estimated PIQ was not lower in problematic drinkers with MBID compared to light drinkers with MBID. The results are indicative of cognitive deficits in problematic drinkers without MBID. Screening for cognitive deficits with additional instruments is advised.

Comment on “The Influence of Risk Assessment Instrument Scores on Evaluators’ Risk Opinions and Sexual Offender Containment Recommendations”

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (9) ◽  
pp. 1236-1241
Author(s):  
Christopher Lobanov-Rostovsky
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Sex Offender ◽  
Sexual Offender ◽  
Assessment Instrument ◽  
Assessment Instruments ◽  
Management Board ◽  
Risk Assessment Instrument ◽  
Potential Confounding Variable ◽  
Standards And Guidelines ◽  
And Behavior

The work of the Colorado Sex Offender Management Board (SOMB) has been called into question as a result of the manuscript “The Influence of Risk Assessment Instrument Scores on the Evaluators’ Risk Opinions and Sexual Offender Containment Recommendations” published in Criminal Justice and Behavior (2017). This response covers the following areas: significant nomenclature problems used to describe the Adult Standards and Guidelines, the dated nature of the SOMB citations in the manuscript, the flaws in the interpretation of the use of the 17 SOMB risk factors and the SOMB policy related to risk assessment, a potential confounding variable that may explain the results obtained, and finally the work of the SOMB to foster the use of validated risk assessment instruments and evidence-based policies and practices. The SOMB takes pride in providing up-to-date, research-supported practices for its providers and would never intentionally do otherwise, as suggested by the article.

Outcomes of Hip Arthroscopic Surgery in Adolescents With a Subanalysis on Return to Sport: A Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 1526-1534
Author(s):  
Sarah L. Chen ◽  
David R. Maldonado ◽  
Cammille C. Go ◽  
Cynthia Kyin ◽  
Ajay C. Lall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Arthroscopic Surgery ◽  
Return To Sport ◽  
Functional Improvement ◽  
Harris Hip Score ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
The Mean

Background: There is a plethora of literature on outcomes after hip arthroscopic surgery in the adult population; however, outcomes in the adolescent population have not been as widely reported. Additionally, as adolescents represent a very active population, it is imperative to understand their athletic activity and return to sport after hip arthroscopic surgery. Purpose: To analyze patient-reported outcomes (PROs) after hip arthroscopic surgery in adolescents (aged 10-19 years) and present a return-to-sport analysis in the athletic adolescent subgroup. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: The PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines to identify articles that reported PROs after hip arthroscopic surgery in adolescents. The standardized mean difference was calculated to compare the effect size of hip arthroscopic surgery on various PROs. For the athletic subgroup, a return-to-sport summary was also provided. Results: Ten studies, with 618 adolescent hips and a collective study period of December 2004 to February 2015, were included in this systematic review. Across all studies, the mean age was 15.8 years (range, 11.0-19.9 years), and female patients composed approximately 56.7% of the entire cohort. The mean follow-up was 34.5 months (range, 12-120 months). The modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS) was reported in 9 studies, and at latest follow-up, scores were excellent in 4 studies (range, 90-95) and good in the remaining 5 studies (range, 82.1-89.6). All adolescents also showed significant improvement on the Non-Arthritic Hip Score (NAHS), the Hip Outcome Score–Activities of Daily Living (HOS-ADL), the HOS–Sport-Specific Subscale (HOS-SSS), the physical component of the 12-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12P), a visual analog scale for pain (VAS), and both versions of the International Hip Outcome Tool (iHOT-12 and iHOT-33) at latest follow-up ( P < .05). Further, mean improvements reported in all studies surpassed reported values of the minimal clinically important difference and patient acceptable symptomatic state for the mHHS, HOS-ADL, HOS-SSS, and iHOT-33. Finally, the collective return-to-sport rate among athletic adolescents was 84.9%. Conclusion: In the setting of labral tears and femoroacetabular impingement, hip arthroscopic surgery can safely be performed in adolescents and leads to significant functional improvement. Furthermore, athletic adolescents return to sport at high levels after hip arthroscopic surgery.

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