scholarly journals Emotions, Affections, and Psychopathy Among Female Prisoners

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 708-729
Author(s):  
Marina Pinheiro ◽  
Olga Cunha ◽  
Rui Abrunhosa Gonçalves
Keyword(s):  
Self Report ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Female Prisoners ◽  
Psychopathy Checklist ◽  
The North ◽  
Secondary Psychopathy ◽  
Psychopathy Checklist Revised ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Affective Dimensions

The present study intends to be a contribution to understand affections and emotions associated with female psychopathy. Although there are several studies aiming to understand psychopathy, there is still a gap in the integration of such a concept in affective dimensions, as well as a scarcity of surveys conducted in the female population. Sixty-three women confined to prison, located in the North region of Portugal, participated in this study. Participants were assessed using the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), the Levenson’s Self-Report Psychopathy Scale (LSRP), and the Hare’s Psychopathy Checklist–Revised (PCL-R). Results showed that only nine women presented moderate scores of psychopathy. Moreover, women with higher psychopathy scores revealed deficits in positive emotional abilities, and secondary psychopathy was related with predominance of negative affection. In the future, it would be useful to develop more effective instruments to assess emotions and affections in psychopaths.

Psychopathy in a Multiethnic World: Investigating Multiple Measures of Psychopathy in Hispanic, African American, and Caucasian Offenders

Assessment ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dylan T. Gatner ◽  
Adam J. E. Blanchard ◽  
Kevin S. Douglas ◽  
Scott O. Lilienfeld ◽  
John F. Edens
Keyword(s):  
African Americans ◽  
The United States ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Psychopathic Personality ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
Psychopathy Checklist ◽  
Secondary Psychopathy ◽  
Psychopathic Personality Inventory ◽  
Psychopathy Checklist Revised ◽  
Primary And Secondary Psychopathy

Despite the forensic relevance of psychopathy and the overrepresentation of Hispanics in the United States’ criminal justice system, these two issues remain underexplored, particularly with self-report measures of psychopathy. We investigated the criterion validity of three psychopathy measures among African Americans, Caucasians, and Hispanics in a sample of 1,742 offenders. More similarity than dissimilarity emerged across groups. The factor structures of psychopathy measures among Hispanic offenders were consistent with previous findings. Few significant differences emerged between Hispanic and Caucasian offenders, with most differences emerging between African Americans and the other ethnic groups. In such instances, the correlates of psychopathy were typically weaker for African Americans. The Psychopathy Checklist–Revised yielded fewer psychopathy × ethnicity interactions than the Psychopathic Personality Inventory and Levenson Primary and Secondary Psychopathy Scales. Overall, these psychopathy measures showed reasonable validity across these cultural groups.

Spotting psychopaths using technology

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 721-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Hulbert ◽  
Hojjat Adeli
Keyword(s):  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Psychopathic Personality ◽  
General Point ◽  
Behavioral Measures ◽  
Psychopathy Checklist ◽  
Human Element ◽  
Psychopathic Personality Inventory ◽  
Psychopathy Checklist Revised ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

AbstractFor the past three and a half decades, the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) and the self-report Psychopathic Personality Inventory-Revised (PPI-R) have been the standard measures for the diagnosis of psychopathy. Technological approaches can enhance these diagnostic methodologies. The purpose of this paper is to present a state-of-the-art review of various technological approaches for spotting psychopathy, such as electroencephalogram (EEG), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional MRI (fMRI), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), and other measures. Results of EEG event-related potential (ERP) experiments support the theory that impaired amygdala function may be responsible for abnormal fear processing in psychopathy, which can ultimately manifest as psychopathic traits, as outlined by the PCL-R or PPI-R. Imaging studies, in general, point to reduced fear processing capabilities in psychopathic individuals. While the human element, introduced through researcher/participant interactions, can be argued as unequivocally necessary for diagnosis, these purely objective technological approaches have proven to be useful in conjunction with the subjective interviewing and questionnaire methods for differentiating psychopaths from non-psychopaths. Furthermore, these technologies are more robust than behavioral measures, which have been shown to fail.

scholarly journals Validity of Factors of the Psychopathy Checklist—Revised in Female Prisoners

Assessment ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick J. Kennealy ◽  
Brian M. Hicks ◽  
Christopher J. Patrick
Keyword(s):  
Female Prisoners ◽  
Psychopathy Checklist ◽  
Psychopathy Checklist Revised

Psychopathy Scores Predict Adolescent Inpatient Aggression

Assessment ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ed Stafford ◽  
Dewey G. Cornell
Keyword(s):  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Incremental Validity ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Millon Adolescent Clinical Inventory ◽  
Psychopathy Checklist ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
Psychopathy Checklist Revised ◽  
Adolescent Inpatient ◽  
Post Hoc

This prospective study found that psychopathy scores predicted aggressive behavior among 72 adolescent psychiatric inpatients, even after controlling for age, sex, socioeconomic status, length of hospital stay, and independent self-report measures of impulsivity and conduct problems. Psychopathy was assessed within 3 days of hospital admission by clinical raters trained in the use of Hare's Psychopathy Checklist–Revised. Aggressive behavior was recorded by clinical staff members who were unaware of psychopathy ratings. Adolescents rated higher in psychopathy exhibited higher frequencies of both reactive and instrumental aggressive behavior than adolescents rated lower in psychopathy. Post hoc regression analyses revealed that psychopathy had incremental validity in predicting aggression beyond the contribution of clinical diagnosis or scores on the Millon Adolescent Clinical Inventory.

The Reliability and Validity of the Psychopathy Checklist–Revised in a Sample of Female Offenders

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer E. Vitale ◽  
Stevens S. Smith ◽  
Chad A. Brinkley ◽  
Joseph P. Newman
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Female Offenders ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Behavioral Measures ◽  
Psychopathy Checklist ◽  
Psychopathy Checklist Revised ◽  
Validity Measures

The reliability and validity of the Psychopathy Checklist–Revised (PCL–R) was examined in a sample of 528 nonpsychotic female offenders participating in a study assessing the generalizability of the instrument to females using personality, attitudinal, and laboratory behavioral measures. Results showed good interrater reliability and adequate internal consistency. Correlations with a number of self-report validity measures and previous criminal behavior provide support for the convergent validity of the instrument. A lack of association with general psychopathology provides support for the discriminant validity of the instrument. However, significant correlations with anxiety, negative affectivity, and intelligence run counter to expectations and to findings with male offenders. Furthermore, the low base rate of psychopathy in this sample, relative to base rates among male prisoners, raises the concern that either psychopathy is less prevalent in females than in males or the PCL–R is not adequately assessing the construct in female offenders.

scholarly journals Investigating the Validity Evidence of the Swedish TriPM in High Security Prisoners Using the PCL-R and NEO-FFI

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malin Pauli ◽  
Hannibal Ölund Alonso ◽  
Jenny Liljeberg ◽  
Petter Gustavsson ◽  
Katarina Howner
Keyword(s):  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Validity Evidence ◽  
Association Patterns ◽  
Psychopathy Checklist ◽  
High Security ◽  
Psychopathy Checklist Revised ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Core Construct ◽  
Triarchic Model

The triarchic model of psychopathy was developed to bridge opposing descriptions of psychopathy by separating the core construct in three domains; boldness, meanness, and disinhibition. The Triarchic Psychopathy Measure (TriPM) operationalizes the model through a 58-item self-report questionnaire. The current study examined the psychometric properties of the Swedish translation by investigating intercorrelations and associations to expert-rated psychopathy, general personality and psychopathy-related traits in male high-security prisoners (n = 191). Psychopathy rated with TriPM and the Psychopathy Checklist Revised (PCL-R) demonstrated expected convergence, as did empathy and impulsivity measures. The Disinhibition and Meanness scales were highly correlated, indicating that the scales might not be adequately differentiated. Nevertheless, the divergent association patterns to other important variables, particularly neuroticism and empathy, also points to meaningful differences. However, the lack of association between Disinhibition and Boldness may put into question if these domains are related at all, especially since there was a lack of similarity in the association patterns with other clinical variables. The influence of antisocial behavior in the TriPM operationalization might amplify the similarities of the Meanness and Disinhibition scales, while diluting the associations between Meanness and Boldness. In conclusion, the Swedish TriPM is effective in measuring the domains of triarchic model in forensic settings, even though a revision of the scales might improve the psychometric properties of the instrument.

The Stereotype Threat Effect

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 249-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steffen Moritz ◽  
Insa Happach ◽  
Karla Spirandelli ◽  
Tania M. Lincoln ◽  
Fabrice Berna
Keyword(s):  
Stereotype Threat ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Neuropsychological Performance ◽  
Neurocognitive Deficits ◽  
Online Study ◽  
Memory And Attention ◽  
Threat Effect ◽  
Efficacy Expectations ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Neurocognitive deficits in patients with mental disorders are partially due to secondary influences. “Stereotype threat” denotes the phenomenon that performance is compromised when a participant is confronted with a devaluing stereotype. The present study examined the impact of stereotype threat on neuropsychological performance in schizophrenia. Seventy-seven participants with a self-reported diagnosis of schizophrenia were randomly assigned to either an experimental condition involving stereotype threat activation or a control condition in an online study. Participants completed memory and attention tests as well as questionnaires on motivation, self-efficacy expectations, cognitive complaints, and self-stigmatization. Contrary to our prediction, the two groups showed no significant differences regarding neuropsychological performance and self-report measures. Limitations, such as a possibly too weak threat cue, are discussed and recommendations for future studies are outlined.

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