Fear of Crime Out West: Determinants of Fear of Property and Violent Crime in Five States

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (12) ◽  
pp. 1299-1316
Author(s):  
Heeuk D. Lee ◽  
Bradford W. Reyns ◽  
David Kim ◽  
Cooper Maher
Keyword(s):  
Violent Crime ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Fear Of Crime ◽  
Mail Survey ◽  
Property Crime ◽  
Western United States ◽  
Crime Type ◽  
Perceptions Of Police ◽  
Using Data

Fear of crime research has been around for decades, and many studies of its extent, nature, and consequences have been published. In this study, we build upon existing research to examine the effects of vulnerability, disorder/incivilities, social cohesion, prior victimization, and perceptions of police upon fear of property crime and fear of violent crime. Using data from a random mail survey of residents from five different states, the current study offers a view of the determinants of fear of crime within an often overlooked population—residents of the Western United States. Results support leading theories of fear of crime, finding that women, perceptions of disorder/incivilities, perceptions of social cohesion, prior victimization, and assessments of police quality of service each influence fear of crime. Findings also suggest that the determinants of fear of crime vary somewhat according to crime type.

Is a Decentralized Police Organization a Better Option in a Modern Democratic Society? A Case Study From South Korea

2021 ◽  
pp. 109861112110420
Author(s):  
Sungil Han ◽  
Jennifer LaPrade ◽  
EuiGab Hwang
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Violent Crime ◽  
Fear Of Crime ◽  
Police Department ◽  
Property Crime ◽  
Interrupted Time Series ◽  
Crime Rates ◽  
Interrupted Time Series Analysis ◽  
Clearance Rates ◽  
Crime Clearance

While western countries have had a decentralized policing model for many years, some countries, such as South Korea, still employ a centralized, national police department. Responding to calls for reform, South Korea launched a pilot program and implemented a more decentralized policing structure in Jeju Island in 2006. This study adds to the policing literature by offering the empirical comparison of a region before and after decentralization of a police department. This study will examine the intervention effects of police decentralization in Jeju, specifically related to crime rates, crime clearance rates, victimization, trust in police, and fear of crime. Using propensity score matching and interrupted time series analysis, this study found that the decentralized policing intervention significantly reduced total crime, violent crime rates, and property crime rates that lasted throughout the intervention period, while improving crime clearance rates for violent crime, as well as reduced fear of crime among residents.

In Guns We Trust: A Reexamination of the Collective Security Hypothesis

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (12) ◽  
pp. 1936-1954 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D. Kelsay ◽  
Jordan Papp ◽  
Jennifer Wareham ◽  
Brad W. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Social Control ◽  
Fear Of Crime ◽  
Informal Social Control ◽  
Collective Security ◽  
Gun Ownership ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Public ◽  
Security Hypothesis ◽  
Perceptions Of Police ◽  
Using Data

This study reexamines the collective security hypothesis of gun ownership using data collected from residents of the city of Detroit, Michigan. In addition, we seek to determine whether the effects of perceptions of police, fear of crime, and victimization on individual-level gun ownership are attenuated by neighborhood levels of informal social control. Our findings indicate that police satisfaction remains a robust predictor of gun ownership, in that those who are less satisfied with police are more likely to own a firearm for defensive purposes. Moreover, the effects of this variable remain unaffected by the inclusion of informal social control. These results confirm a number of previously identified correlates of gun ownership remain influential and suggest that improving perceptions of police among the public may lead to fewer firearms in circulation among the public.

A Gendered Analysis of the Shadow of Sexual Harm Among a College Sample

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aimee Petitt ◽  
Noelle Linville ◽  
Scott York ◽  
Carrie L. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Violent Crime ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Fear Of Crime ◽  
Survey Methodology ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
College Sample ◽  
Crime Type ◽  
White Males ◽  
Different Types

This study uses survey methodology to examine correlates of fear of crime among men and women to discern the unique impact of risk perception, victimization, vicarious victimization, and fear of sexual harm on fear of crime. Recently, scholars have begun to examine fear separately by gender, which is vital given the unique experiences men and women have with fear and victimization. We examine two different types of fear of crime to determine whether the effects of these correlates differ by crime type across gender. Results suggest that fear of sexual harm and risk perception are the most important indicators of fear of crime for both genders; sexual harm fear is particularly impactful for female fear of violence. Race and ethnicity also have interesting impacts for male fear of violent crime because racial and ethnic minorities indicate more fear of violent crime than White males. The findings illustrate how imperative it is to continue to examine fear of specific types of crime as well as distinguish fear by gender.

Official Crime Rates and Residents’ Sense of Security Across Neighborhoods in Tokyo, Japan

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimihiro Hino ◽  
Masaya Uesugi ◽  
Yasushi Asami
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Violent Crime ◽  
Crime Rate ◽  
Property Crime ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Crime Rates ◽  
Sense Of Security ◽  
Violent Crime Rate ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Official Crime

The aim of this study was to investigate, in consideration of individual attributes and neighborhood-level social capital, the association between official crime rates and sense of neighborhood security among residents in the 23 wards of Tokyo, Japan, using data obtained from a national questionnaire survey and police statistics on crime for 511 neighborhoods. We found that crime rates affected residents’ sense of security differently according to the type of crime committed and the spatial scale. Regarding individual attributes, sense of security among men and those aged 35 to 49 years was in line with the actual property crime rate, whereas that among women and the elderly was in line with the actual violent crime rate. In addition, even when controlling for social capital, which had a strong positive effect on residents’ sense of security, and individual attributes, all crime rates except that for violent crime were significantly related to residents’ sense of security in their neighborhood.

Fear of Crime in an Island Paradise

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarah Hodgkinson ◽  
Natalie Gately ◽  
James McCue ◽  
Ahmed Shuhad ◽  
Raymond R. Corrado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marital Status ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Fear Of Crime ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Liberal Democratic ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Perceptions Of Police ◽  
Democratic Societies

Numerous empirical studies have examined fear of crime. Key theoretical constructs include age, gender, vulnerability, marital status, social cohesion, social incivilities, and perceptions of police. While these constructs have extensive empirical support from cross-sectional and longitudinal projects, they focused on Western liberal democratic nations. Little research exists on fear of crime and its correlates within smaller, island nation-states. The current study ( N = 480) examines (a) the prevalence of fear of crime within the Maldives and (b) the extent to which previous theoretical constructs can be generalized to other population areas. Findings demonstrate levels of fear of crime in the Maldives consistent with Western liberal democratic societies but that only certain previous theoretical constructs are associated with variations in fear of crime.

scholarly journals The Effect of Criminal Records on Access to Employment

2017 ◽  
Vol 107 (5) ◽  
pp. 560-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Agan ◽  
Sonja Starr
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
York City ◽  
Crime Rate ◽  
Property Crime ◽  
Criminal Records ◽  
Crime Type ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Versus Property

This paper adds to the empirical evidence that criminal records are a barrier to employment. Using data from 2,655 online applications sent on behalf of fictitious male applicants, we show that employers are 60 percent more likely to call applicants that do not have a felony conviction. We further investigate whether this effect varies based on applicant race (black versus white), crime type (drug versus property crime), industry (restaurants versus retail), jurisdiction (New Jersey versus New York City), local crime rate, and local racial composition. Although magnitudes vary somewhat, in every subsample the conviction effect is large, significant, and negative.

Effect of networks on product innovation: empirical evidence from Indonesian SMEs

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurul Indarti ◽  
Theo Postma
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Product Innovation ◽  
Dynamic Effects ◽  
Depth Of Knowledge ◽  
External Knowledge ◽  
Software Firms ◽  
Using Data

Innovative companies generally establish linkages with other actors and access external knowledge in order to benefit from the dynamic effects of interactive processes. Using data from 198 furniture and software firms in Indonesia, this study shows that the quality of interaction (i.e. multiplexity) as indicated by the depth of knowledge absorbed from various external parties and intensity of interaction (i.e., tie intensity) are better predictors of product innovation than the diversity of interaction.

Founding Family Ownership and the Selection of Industry Specialist Auditors

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Kang
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Family Firms ◽  
Structure And Agency ◽  
Founding Family ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Dual Class Shares ◽  
Dual Class ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Industry Specialist

SYNOPSIS This study examines how family firms' unique ownership structure and agency problems affect their selection of industry-specialist auditors. Using data from Standard & Poor's (S&P) 1500 firms, the results show that family firms are more likely to appoint industry-specialist auditors than non-family firms, which suggests that family firms have strong incentives to signal the quality of financial reporting. Additional analysis indicates that due to the potential entrenchment problems, family firms with family member CEOs or with dual-class shares have even a higher tendency to hire industry-specialist auditors to signal their disclosure quality.

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