A Gendered Analysis of the Shadow of Sexual Harm Among a College Sample

This study uses survey methodology to examine correlates of fear of crime among men and women to discern the unique impact of risk perception, victimization, vicarious victimization, and fear of sexual harm on fear of crime. Recently, scholars have begun to examine fear separately by gender, which is vital given the unique experiences men and women have with fear and victimization. We examine two different types of fear of crime to determine whether the effects of these correlates differ by crime type across gender. Results suggest that fear of sexual harm and risk perception are the most important indicators of fear of crime for both genders; sexual harm fear is particularly impactful for female fear of violence. Race and ethnicity also have interesting impacts for male fear of violent crime because racial and ethnic minorities indicate more fear of violent crime than White males. The findings illustrate how imperative it is to continue to examine fear of specific types of crime as well as distinguish fear by gender.

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An Examination of the Shadow of Sexual Assault Hypothesis Among Men and Women in South Korea

International Criminal Justice Review ◽

10.1177/1057567719873964 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

pp. 386-405 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jaeyong Choi ◽

Haneul Yim ◽

Daniel R. Lee

Keyword(s):

Sexual Assault ◽

Fear Of Crime ◽

Future Research ◽

Crime Victim ◽

Men And Women ◽

South Korean ◽

Different Types ◽

Males And Females ◽

Insight Into ◽

Shadow Of Sexual Assault

Using a South Korean sample from 2010 National Crime Victim Survey, the current research examined the gender differences of fear of four different types of crime testing the shadow of sexual assault thesis, which asserts that sexual assault operates as a master offense for females. The current study provides insight into the robustness of the shadow hypothesis by controlling for various covariates (e.g., perceptions of the neighborhood and crime-related media consumption) that have been often omitted in this line of literature. Results show that the largest difference in fear between males and females was the fear of sexual assault, and based on coefficient comparison tests, fear of sexual assault was a stronger predictor of fear of other crimes among males than among females. The current study calls for future research to disentangle the shadow of sexual hypothesis in different settings and to conduct more studies specifically on men’s fear of crime.

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Fear of Crime Out West: Determinants of Fear of Property and Violent Crime in Five States

International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology ◽

10.1177/0306624x20909238 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 64 (12) ◽

pp. 1299-1316

Author(s):

Heeuk D. Lee ◽

Bradford W. Reyns ◽

David Kim ◽

Cooper Maher

Keyword(s):

Violent Crime ◽

Social Cohesion ◽

Fear Of Crime ◽

Mail Survey ◽

Property Crime ◽

Western United States ◽

Crime Type ◽

Perceptions Of Police ◽

Using Data

Fear of crime research has been around for decades, and many studies of its extent, nature, and consequences have been published. In this study, we build upon existing research to examine the effects of vulnerability, disorder/incivilities, social cohesion, prior victimization, and perceptions of police upon fear of property crime and fear of violent crime. Using data from a random mail survey of residents from five different states, the current study offers a view of the determinants of fear of crime within an often overlooked population—residents of the Western United States. Results support leading theories of fear of crime, finding that women, perceptions of disorder/incivilities, perceptions of social cohesion, prior victimization, and assessments of police quality of service each influence fear of crime. Findings also suggest that the determinants of fear of crime vary somewhat according to crime type.

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Fear of Violent Crime Among Men and Women on Campus: The Impact of Perceived Risk and Fear of Sexual Assault

Violence and Victims ◽

10.1891/0886-6708.24.2.172 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 172-192 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

Jodi Lane ◽

Angela R. Gover ◽

Sara Dahod

Keyword(s):

Sexual Assault ◽

Violent Crime ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Perceived Risk ◽

Fear Of Crime ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Men And Women ◽

The Individual ◽

Combined Impact ◽

The Impact

Prior research has consistently shown that women are more afraid of crime than men despite the fact that men are much more likely to be victims of all crime except sexual assault and intimate partner violence. The “shadow of sexual assault” hypothesis argues that women’s fear of sexual assault shadows their fear of other types of crime, particularly violent crime. Building on prior research by Ferraro (1996) and Fisher and Sloan (2003), this study examines the individual and combined impact of perceived risk and fear of sexual assault on fear of robbery and assault among college students. Findings indicate that fear of sexual assault is the stronger predictor of fear of crime for women and that perceived risk is the stronger predictor for men.

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Do Men and Women Feel Extreme Jealousy in Different Types of Relationships? Sex Differences in the Contexts of Jealousy and Envy

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e413802005-128 ◽

2001 ◽

Author(s):

Brad J. Sagarin ◽

Katharine E. Seidelman ◽

Leah Peryer ◽

Jeremy Heider ◽

Sherman B. Serna

Keyword(s):

Sex Differences ◽

Men And Women ◽

Different Types

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Cultural attributes and risk perception: the moderating role of different types of research and development

Journal of Risk Research ◽

10.1080/13669877.2017.1351475 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 161-176 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Dong-Young Kim ◽

Jaehwan Jung

Keyword(s):

Risk Perception ◽

Research And Development ◽

Different Types ◽

Moderating Role

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Is a Decentralized Police Organization a Better Option in a Modern Democratic Society? A Case Study From South Korea

Police Quarterly ◽

10.1177/10986111211042034 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 109861112110420

Author(s):

Sungil Han ◽

Jennifer LaPrade ◽

EuiGab Hwang

Keyword(s):

South Korea ◽

Violent Crime ◽

Fear Of Crime ◽

Police Department ◽

Property Crime ◽

Interrupted Time Series ◽

Crime Rates ◽

Interrupted Time Series Analysis ◽

Clearance Rates ◽

Crime Clearance

While western countries have had a decentralized policing model for many years, some countries, such as South Korea, still employ a centralized, national police department. Responding to calls for reform, South Korea launched a pilot program and implemented a more decentralized policing structure in Jeju Island in 2006. This study adds to the policing literature by offering the empirical comparison of a region before and after decentralization of a police department. This study will examine the intervention effects of police decentralization in Jeju, specifically related to crime rates, crime clearance rates, victimization, trust in police, and fear of crime. Using propensity score matching and interrupted time series analysis, this study found that the decentralized policing intervention significantly reduced total crime, violent crime rates, and property crime rates that lasted throughout the intervention period, while improving crime clearance rates for violent crime, as well as reduced fear of crime among residents.

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Physical activity of subjects aged 50–64 years involved in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1079/phn2002397 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 5 (6b) ◽

pp. 1163-1177 ◽

Cited By ~ 111

Author(s):

M Haftenberger ◽

AJ Schuit ◽

MJ Tormo ◽

H Boeing ◽

N Wareham ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Professional Activity ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Men And Women ◽

Recreational Activities ◽

Professional Activities ◽

Adjusted Means ◽

Different Types ◽

Sectional Analysis ◽

Prospective Investigation

AbstractObjective:To describe physical activity of participants in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC).Design:A cross-sectional analysis of baseline data of a European prospective cohort study.Subjects:This analysis was restricted to participants in the age group 50–64 years, which was represented in all EPIC centres. It involved 236 386 participants from 25 centres in nine countries. In each EPIC centre, physical activity was assessed by standardised and validated questions. Frequency distribution of type of professional activity and participation in non-professional activities, and age-adjusted means, medians and percentiles of time dedicated to non-professional activities are presented for men and women from each centre.Results:Professional activity was most frequently classified as sedentary or standing in all centres. There was a wide variation regarding participation in different types of non-professional activities and time dedicated to these activities across EPIC centres. Over 80% of all EPIC participants engaged in walking, while less than 50% of the subjects participated in sport. Total time dedicated to recreational activities was highest among the Dutch participants and lowest among men from Malmö (Sweden) and women from Naples (Italy). In all centres, total time dedicated to recreational activity in the summer was higher than in the winter. Women from southern Europe spent the most time on housekeeping.Conclusions:There is a considerable variation of physical activity across EPIC centres. This variation was especially evident for recreational activities in both men and women.

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THE ENDURING SIGNIFICANCE OF RACIAL AND ETHNIC DISPARITIES IN MALE VIOLENT VICTIMIZATION, 1973–2010

Du Bois Review Social Science Research on Race ◽

10.1017/s1742058x18000097 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 69-87 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Janet L. Lauritsen ◽

Karen Heimer ◽

Joseph B. Lang

Keyword(s):

Race And Ethnicity ◽

White Male ◽

Ethnic Disparities ◽

Violent Victimization ◽

Crime Victimization ◽

Individual Level ◽

Black And White ◽

White Males ◽

Poverty Status ◽

The Relationship

AbstractLatino and Black males are more likely to suffer serious violent victimization compared to White males, and it is likely that economic disadvantage and other individual level differences play a key role in these disparities. This study of self-reported data from the National Crime Victimization Survey (1973–2010) is the first effort to assess three important issues: 1) the extent to which the relationship between serious violent victimization and race and ethnicity can be accounted for by age, location of residence, poverty status, and employment; 2) whether these factors have similar influences among Black, White, and Latino males; and 3) whether the net risk for violence associated with race and ethnicity has diminished over time. Our results show that disparities between Black and White male violent victimization decrease approximately 70% once age, location of residence, poverty status, and employment are taken into account, and that differences between Latinos and White males are fully accounted for by these factors. Poverty status is the only factor that varies in the strength of its association with violence across groups. We also find little evidence to suggest that the association between race, ethnicity and victimization risk changed significantly from 1973 to 2010, once other factors are considered. Despite notable declines in violence over this time period, Black and White disparities in male victimization persist over the past four decades; however, the relationship between poverty status and violence has increased some for Black and White males.

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