Assessments of Activities of Daily Living: A Critical Review

1989 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela Eakin
Keyword(s):  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
The Many

Occupational therapists are prolific creators and users of assessments. However, many of us accept an ‘assessment’ form at face value without really considering the reliability or validity of the assessment method. The use of unreliable assessments seriously diminishes the credibility of the profession. Unfortunately, testing assessments for reliability and validity is time consuming. Therefore, it is suggested that occupational therapists make use of the many published assessments, which already provide evidence of their reliability and validity.

Problems with Assessments of Activities of Daily Living

1989 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela Eakin
Keyword(s):  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Occupational Therapists

This is the second of two articles addressing the design and use of assessments of activities of daily living (ADL). The first article reviewed 15 published ADL assessments and evaluated their usefulness for occupational therapists together with any evidence for their reliability and validity. The importance of using standardised assessments was stressed. This second article explains what is meant by terms such as reliability, validity and operationalisation. It details the consequences of using assessments in which these terms are misunderstood or, even, totally absent.

Validation of the Klein-Bell Activities of Daily Living Scale for Children

1988 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Law ◽  
Patricia Usher
Keyword(s):  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Initial Study ◽  
Communication Tool ◽  
Parental Ratings ◽  
Patient Performance ◽  
Acceptable Reliability

Occupational therapists require reliable and valid activities of daily living assessments to describe patient performance and to aid in treatment evaluation and planning. A recently developed instrument, the Klein-Bell ADL Scale has been shown to have acceptable reliability and validity for use with adults. This paper reports the results of an initial study designed to evaluate the utility of the Klein-Bell ADL Scale for use with children. Developmental ages reported in the literature were used to adapt the scale for use with children ages six months to adulthood. Its reliability, construct validity and responsiveness were tested in a total sample of 10 normal and 10 cerebral palsied children. Results indicate that the scale is reliable, is able to differentiate normal from handicapped children and demonstrates acceptable agreement with parental ratings of change in ADL skills. The Klein-Bell ADL Scale was also found to be an effective communication tool between therapists and parents of disabled children.

scholarly journals Development of the Japanese version of the Westmead Home Safety Assessment for the elderly in Japan

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aya Hasegawa ◽  
Tomoko Kamimura
Keyword(s):  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Content Validity ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
Japanese Version ◽  
Home Safety ◽  
Japanese Elderly

Objective Home safety assessment and intervention is a key component in the management of fall risk in elderly people. However, a standardised assessment for home safety has not yet been established in Japan. We developed a Japanese version of the Westmead Home Safety Assessment by partially modifying the original version according to house structures and lifestyles in Japan and examined its inter-rater reliability and content validity. Methods Japanese elderly in the community who had fear of falls were recruited to investigate the reliability of the Japanese version of the Westmead Home Safety Assessment. Two occupational therapists simultaneously visited a participant’s home to perform the Japanese version of the Westmead Home Safety Assessment independently. Further, an expert panel of 18 occupational therapists evaluated the relevance of each item of the Japanese version of the Westmead Home Safety Assessment. Results Fifty elderly people (aged 78.2 ± 7.1 years) participated in this reliability study. The most frequent hazards were identified as internal steps/stairs, seating, bathroom, bath, and external steps/stairs. Forty-nine items (69%) in the Japanese version of the Westmead Home Safety Assessment were rated to have fair to good (0.40 < κ < 0.75) or excellent (κ ≥ 0.75) reliability as well as excellent validity (item content validity ≥0.78). These items were concerned with basic activities of daily living and some simple instrumental activities of daily living. The scale content validity was 0.78 ± 0.16 but was not excellent (scale content validity index <0.90). Conclusions This study suggested that 49 items in the Japanese version of the Westmead Home Safety Assessment were appropriate for home safety assessment for Japanese elderly. Further research is necessary to improve the reliability and validity of the present version of the Japanese version of the Westmead Home Safety Assessment for this population.

The Functional Performance Measure for Persons with Alzheimer Disease: Reliability and Validity

1995 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Carswell ◽  
Corinne Dulberg ◽  
Lorie Carson ◽  
Jitka Zgola
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer Disease ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Functional Performance ◽  
Generalizability Theory ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
Performance Measure ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Daily Function

The Functional Performance Measure (FPM) is an instrument developed from grounded theory, and measures daily function in persons with Alzheimer Disease. This paper presents a study testing the reliability and validity of the FPM. The study design is based upon generalizability theory that allows the examination of several “facets” to the total variance of the FPM. Twenty-two clients with Alzheimer disease were videotaped performing three activities of daily living. Twelve raters evaluated the clients' performance using the FPM giving 792 completed measures. The FPM demonstrates high inter-rater reliability, moderate reliability across tasks, and criterion and construct validity. The FPM is a measure that will help occupational therapists identify clients' abilities and deficits so that therapists can determine intervention strategies to improve or maintain clients' functional performance.

scholarly journals A Modular Mobile Robotic Platform to Assist People with Different Degrees of Disability

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 7130
Author(s):  
Jose M. Catalan ◽  
Andrea Blanco ◽  
Arturo Bertomeu-Motos ◽  
Jose V. Garcia-Perez ◽  
Miguel Almonacid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
Living Room ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Robotic Platform ◽  
Robotic Exoskeleton ◽  
Simulated Home Environment ◽  
Wheel Chair ◽  
The Subject

Robotics to support elderly people in living independently and to assist disabled people in carrying out the activities of daily living independently have demonstrated good results. Basically, there are two approaches: one of them is based on mobile robot assistants, such as Care-O-bot, PR2, and Tiago, among others; the other one is the use of an external robotic arm or a robotic exoskeleton fixed or mounted on a wheelchair. In this paper, a modular mobile robotic platform to assist moderately and severely impaired people based on an upper limb robotic exoskeleton mounted on a robotized wheel chair is presented. This mobile robotic platform can be customized for each user’s needs by exploiting its modularity. Finally, experimental results in a simulated home environment with a living room and a kitchen area, in order to simulate the interaction of the user with different elements of a home, are presented. In this experiment, a subject suffering from multiple sclerosis performed different activities of daily living (ADLs) using the platform in front of a group of clinicians composed of nurses, doctors, and occupational therapists. After that, the subject and the clinicians replied to a usability questionnaire. The results were quite good, but two key factors arose that need to be improved: the complexity and the cumbersome aspect of the platform.

scholarly journals Providing Verbal Assistance When Assessing Individuals Living with a Traumatic Brain Injury

2021 ◽  
pp. 000841742110342
Author(s):  
Mireille Gagnon-Roy ◽  
Nathalie Bier ◽  
Stéphanie Boulé-Riley ◽  
Heidi Keurentjes ◽  
Priscilla Lam Wai Shun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Clinical Reasoning ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
Think Aloud ◽  
Accurate Assessment ◽  
Level Of Understanding

Background. Occupational therapists play a major role in identifying the assistance needs of individuals living with a traumatic brain injury. However, to obtain an accurate assessment, verbal assistance should be provided only when necessary, according to the person's needs. Purpose. This study aimed to understand (1) how verbal assistance is provided during an evaluation of Instrumental Activities of Daily Living and (2) why it is provided in this manner. Method. Interviews were conducted with three expert occupational therapists using their own videotaped evaluation and a “think-aloud” method to explore their clinical reasoning when providing verbal assistance. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Findings. The process of providing verbal assistance was recognized as flexible and nonlinear, and influenced by various factors including the participants’ level of understanding of the client's abilities. Implications. This information will help therapists better understand how and when to provide verbal assistance when assessing their clients.

The Relationship between Engagement in Occupations and Pressure Sore Development in Saudi Men with Paraplegia

2005 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 307-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Cutajar ◽  
Anne Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Spinal Cord Injuries ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
Pressure Sore ◽  
Pressure Sores ◽  
Level Of Activity ◽  
Occupational Activities ◽  
The Individual

Various research studies have explored the factors that predispose people with spinal cord injuries to pressure sore development. Two hundred risk factors have been associated with pressure sore occurrence. One of the variables commonly reported to affect pressure sore occurrence is a decreased level of activity (Vidal and Sarrias 1991, Fuhrer et al 1993). This concurs with the philosophy of occupational therapy that a reduction in activity can generate pathology (Miller et al 1988). This research study investigated whether decreased participation in occupational activities (work, leisure and activities of daily living) was related to pressure sore occurrence in paraplegic men. The sample was selected randomly from the occupational therapy discharge files of a rehabilitation facility in Saudi Arabia. The data were collected by means of a telephone questionnaire from a total of 58 men, over a 3-month period. The study showed that there was a large increase in unemployment in paraplegic men following injury (from 10% to 59%) and, as might be expected, manual workers were more vulnerable than office workers. The study found no significant association between pressure sore occurrence and whether or not the individual was employed. However, it showed a statistically significant association between unemployment and pressure sores severe enough to lead to hospitalisation. The study also found a statistically significant association between individuals' independence in activities of daily living and the number of pressure sores that they had reported in the last 2 years. These findings indicate the potential importance of clients remaining occupationally active for their wellbeing and the significant contribution that occupational therapists can make by enabling rehabilitation of occupational activities.

Gamified Virtual Environment and Interaction Design for Activities of Daily Living Training

2022 ◽  
pp. 707-736
Author(s):  
Isabel Cristina Siqueira da Silva ◽  
Luan Carlos Nesi ◽  
Viviane da Silva Machado
Keyword(s):  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Assistive Technology ◽  
Virtual Environment ◽  
Interaction Design ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
Social Risk ◽  
Behavioral Repertoire ◽  
Functional Skills ◽  
Motor Activities

Ludic games and gamification processes can extend functional skills in players as they integrate different intelligences and stimulate the cognitive, perceptual, and motor activities. Play can facilitate the work of occupational therapist since provides better cooperation of the patient, besides helping in its development, increasing its behavioral repertoire, mainly in the accomplishment of activities of daily living. This chapter addresses these issues, discussing the design of a gamified virtual environment that helps occupational therapists to develop the potential of children and adolescents with mild, moderate, and severe neuropsychomotor disorder. For that, the authors present an investigation of the use of a gamified virtual environment and interaction devices in the training of activities of daily living. As result, they note that games as assistive technology can encourage the integration of education, rehabilitation, and habilitation of people in situations of vulnerability and social risk, providing access and inclusion through playful and challenging activities.

Reliability and Validity of Turkish Myasthenia Gravis-Activities of Daily Living Scale

2020 ◽  
pp. 153944922096107
Author(s):  
Ecem Karanfil ◽  
Yeliz Salcı ◽  
Ayla Fil-Balkan ◽  
Can Ebru Bekircan-Kurt ◽  
Sevim Erdem Özdamar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Myasthenia Gravis ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Life Questionnaire ◽  
Good Test ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Linguistic, reliable, and valid secondary efficacy measures are important in clinical settings and studies. The aim of the study is to report test–retest reliability and construct validity of Turkish version of Myasthenia Gravis-Activities of Daily Living Scale (MG-ADL-T) in Myasthenia Gravis (MG) patients. Fifty-two ocular and generalized individuals with MG, applying to rehabilitation center, were included in the study. MG-ADL-T, MG quality-of-life questionnaire (MG-QoL), MG composite (MGC), quantitative MG score (QMGS), and pulmonary function test were administered. Reliability was assessed with intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Cronbach’s alpha. Spearman correlation test and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis were performed for construct validity. MG-ADL-T had fair internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = .67), excellent test–retest reliability (ICC = 0.96) and moderate construct validity (MG-QoL, r = 0.59; QMGS, r = .58; MGC, r = .68). MG-ADL, a unique scale that evaluates activities of daily living (ADL), has good test–retest reliability and construct validity in Turkish MG patients.

scholarly journals P130: Feasibility of self-assessing functional status in older emergency department patients

CJEM ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (S1) ◽  
pp. S111-S111
Author(s):  
V. Boucher ◽  
V. Boucher ◽  
M. Lamontagne ◽  
J. Lee ◽  
M. Émond
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Functional Status ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Medical Reason ◽  
Significant Difference

Introduction: Geriatric Emergency Department (ED) guidelines recommend systematic screening of older patients for geriatric syndromes. However, compliance issues to this recommendation have already been observed. Self-assessment tools could be an interesting solution as self-assessed general, mental and physical health was shown to be predictive of functional decline and mortality. The Older Americans Resources and Services scale (OARS), is a simple geriatric functional assessment scale that is widely used by professionals to quantify patients’ ability to perform activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL). However, its use as a self-assessment tool has never been tested. Objective: to evaluate the feasibility of the self-assessed OARS compared to its standard administration by a research assistant (RA) in older ED patients. Methods: A planned sub-analysis of a single center randomized crossover pilot study in 2018 was realized. Patients aged ≥65 who consulted to the ED for any medical reason were included. Patients were excluded if they: 1) required resuscitation (CTAS 1); 2) were unable to consent/to speak French; 3) had a physical condition preventing the use of an electronic tablet. Patients were randomized 1:1 to either 1) tablet-based functional status self-assessment or 2) the RAs questionnaire administration at first, after which they crossed-over to the other assessment method. Paired t-tests were used to assess the score differences. Results: 60 patients were included. Mean age was 74.4 ± 7.6 and 34 (56.7%) participants were women. Mean OARS score according to RA was 25.1 ± 3.3 and mean self-assessed OARS score was 26.4 ± 2.5 (p < 0.0001). There was also differences when looking at the AVQ and AIVQ separately. Mean AVQ scores were 12.5 ± 1.8 and 13.5 ± 0.9 (p < 0.0001) and mean AIVQ scores were 12.6 ± 1.8 and 12.9 ± 1.8 (p = 0.04) for RA assessment and self-assessment, respectively. Conclusion: Our results show a statistically significant difference between RA assessment and patient self-assessment of functional status, and this difference seems to be more pronounced regarding AVQ than AIVQ. The study confirms that self-assessment of functional status by older ED patients is feasible, but further testing is required in order to confirm the validity and psychometric values of this self-administered version of the OARS.

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