scholarly journals A Latent Class Analysis of Personal Values in Young Adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Avanté J. Smack ◽  
Kathrin Herzhoff ◽  
Rui Tang ◽  
Rheeda L. Walker ◽  
Jennifer L. Tackett
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Personal Values ◽  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
Gender Composition ◽  
Powerful Predictor ◽  
Organizational System ◽  
Latent Class Analyses ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Human values and motivations are a powerful predictor of behavior, and Schwartz’s taxonomy offers a meaningful organizational system for robust value dimensions (Schwartz, 1992). Although values clearly represent a meaningful and culturally relevant dimension of individual differences, they remain poorly understood particularly in regards to how values co-occur and manifest within individuals. The purpose of the present study was to examine how values co-occur and manifest within individuals. A racially/ethnically diverse sample of 1, 308 undergraduate students (351 males, Mage = 21.70, SD = 5.22) reported on their personal values and personality traits. Latent class analyses revealed support for two value classes: personal-focused (N = 210) and social-focused (N = 1098), which map onto hypotheses of value configurations based on Schwartz’s taxonomy (Schwartz, 1992). The value classes also exhibited differences based on racial/ethnic composition, gender composition, and personality trait association, also consistent with previous research. The current study provides evidence for two value types that manifest across two countries in North America.

scholarly journals Racial/Ethnic Diversity in Academic Public Health: 20-Year Update

2019 ◽  
Vol 135 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melody S. Goodman ◽  
Christine M. Plepys ◽  
Jemar R. Bather ◽  
Rita M. Kelliher ◽  
Cheryl G. Healton
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Native American ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Role Models ◽  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
Public Health Workforce ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Objective: This study is a follow-up to an examination of the racial/ethnic composition of public health students (1996) and faculty (1997) at schools of public health that was conducted 20 years ago. We examined data on the race/ethnicity of students, graduates, and faculty among Association of Schools and Programs of Public Health (ASPPH)–member institutions during 2016-2017 and how these data have changed in the past 20 years. Methods: We obtained data on the race/ethnicity of students (in 1996 and 2016), graduates (in 1996 and 2016), and faculty (in 1997 and 2017) at ASPPH-member institutions from the ASPPH Data Center. We tabulated frequencies, percentages, and 20-year percentage-point changes by race/ethnicity. We examined data for all current ASPPH-member institutions and for comparable subcohorts of 1996 and 1997 member institutions that are current ASPPH members. Results: In graduate student enrollment, the 20-year increase in each nonwhite racial/ethnic subgroup was ≤5 percentage points. Among tenured faculty, the 20-year increase was greatest among Asians (8 percentage points) but was <3 percentage points for black, Hispanic, and Native American faculty. Conclusions: The increasing racial/ethnic diversity among students, graduates, and faculty in schools and programs of public health contributes to parallel increases in racial/ethnic diversity in the public health workforce. Schools and programs of public health should recruit clusters of racial/ethnic minority students using holistic application review processes, provide enrolled students with racially/ethnically diverse role models and mentors, and dedicate staffing to ensure a student-centered approach. In addition, those who mentor racially/ethnically diverse students and junior faculty should be rewarded.

A typology of interpartner conflict and maternal parenting practices in high-risk families: Examining spillover and compensatory models and implications for child adjustment

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (4pt1) ◽  
pp. 983-998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa L. Sturge-Apple ◽  
Patrick T. Davies ◽  
Dante Cicchetti ◽  
Michael G. Fittoria
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Parenting Practices ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Child Adjustment ◽  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
Maternal Parenting ◽  
Latent Class Analyses ◽  
Socioeconomic Risk ◽  
Parenting Profiles ◽  
Over Time

AbstractThe present study incorporates a person-based approach to identify spillover and compartmentalization patterns of interpartner conflict and maternal parenting practices in an ethnically diverse sample of 192 2-year-old children and their mothers who had experienced higher levels of socioeconomic risk. In addition, we tested whether sociocontextual variables were differentially predictive of theses profiles and examined how interpartner-parenting profiles were associated with children's physiological and psychological adjustment over time. As expected, latent class analyses extracted three primary profiles of functioning: adequate functioning, spillover, and compartmentalizing families. Furthermore, interpartner-parenting profiles were differentially associated with both sociocontextual predictors and children's adjustment trajectories. The findings highlight the developmental utility of incorporating person-based approaches to models of interpartner conflict and maternal parenting practices.

The shape of neighborhoods to come: Examining patterns of gentrification and holistic neighborhood change in Los Angeles County, 1980–2010

2021 ◽  
pp. 0308518X2110536
Author(s):  
Seth A. Williams ◽  
John R. Hipp
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Los Angeles County ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Neighborhood Change ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Successive Period ◽  
To Come ◽  
Racial Ethnic

The present study examines holistic neighborhood change in Los Angeles County across three decades between 1980 and 2010. Using Census tract data, we conduct a latent class analysis to identify classes of neighborhood change for each decade according to housing dynamics, age structure, racial-ethnic composition and churning, and socioeconomic characteristics, and describe latent classes indicative of gentrification. Further, we assess the degree to which tracts experience sustained or repeated gentrification over the 30 year period. In line with more recent conceptualizations of gentrification as a broad urban process, we find that gentrification occurs in a wide range of neighborhoods, and manifests itself differently according to shifts in population characteristics, with many tracts experiencing more than one successive period of gentrification over the 30 year period.

scholarly journals Trajectories of Depressive Symptoms and Neighborhood Changes from Adolescence to Adulthood: Latent Class Growth Analysis and Multilevel Growth Curve Models

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 1829
Author(s):  
Hyunjung Lee ◽  
Lorena M. Estrada-Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Growth Curve ◽  
Growth Analysis ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
Latent Class Growth Analysis ◽  
Growth Curve Models ◽  
Latent Class Growth ◽  
Racial Ethnic ◽  
Multilevel Growth Curve Models

The role of neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES) and racial/ethnic composition on depression has received considerable attention in the United States. This study examines associations between trajectory patterns of neighborhood changes and depressive symptoms using data from Waves I-IV of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. We used latent class growth analysis to determine the number and distribution of person-centered trajectories for neighborhood characteristics, and multilevel growth curve models to examine how belonging to each class impacted depression trajectories from ages 13 to 32 among non-Hispanic Whites (NHW), non-Hispanic Blacks (NHB), Hispanics, and non-Hispanic Others (NHO). The distribution of neighborhood SES classes across racial/ethnic groups suggests significant levels of economic inequality, but had no effect on depressive symptoms. A more complex picture emerged on the number and distribution of racial/ethnic composition latent class trajectories. Compared to NHB peers who lived in predominantly NHW neighborhoods from adolescence to adulthood, NHBs in more diverse neighborhoods had lower risk for depressive symptoms. Conversely, Hispanics living in neighborhoods with fewer NHWs had higher risk for depressive symptoms. Among NHOs, living in neighborhoods with a critical mass of other NHOs had a protective effect against depressive symptoms.

scholarly journals COVID-19-related state-wise racial and ethnic disparities across the USA: an observational study based on publicly available data from The COVID Tracking Project

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. e048006
Author(s):  
Zhaoying Xian ◽  
Anshul Saxena ◽  
Zulqarnain Javed ◽  
John E Jordan ◽  
Safa Alkarawi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Asian American ◽  
Alaska Native ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Relative Difference ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
Regional Patterns ◽  
Population Proportion ◽  
Asian Populations ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Racial Ethnic

ObjectiveTo evaluate COVID-19 infection and mortality disparities in ethnic and racial subgroups in a state-wise manner across the USA.MethodsPublicly available data from The COVID Tracking Project at The Atlantic were accessed between 9 September 2020 and 14 September 2020. For each state and the District of Columbia, % infection, % death, and % population proportion for subgroups of race (African American/black (AA/black), Asian, American Indian or Alaska Native (AI/AN), and white) and ethnicity (Hispanic/Latino, non-Hispanic) were recorded. Crude and normalised disparity estimates were generated for COVID-19 infection (CDI and NDI) and mortality (CDM and NDM), computed as absolute and relative difference between % infection or % mortality and % population proportion per state. Choropleth map display was created as thematic representation proportionate to CDI, NDI, CDM and NDM.ResultsThe Hispanic population had a median of 158% higher COVID-19 infection relative to their % population proportion (median 158%, IQR 100%–200%). This was followed by AA, with 50% higher COVID-19 infection relative to their % population proportion (median 50%, IQR 25%–100%). The AA population had the most disproportionate mortality, with a median of 46% higher mortality than the % population proportion (median 46%, IQR 18%–66%). Disproportionate impact of COVID-19 was also seen in AI/AN and Asian populations, with 100% excess infections than the % population proportion seen in nine states for AI/AN and seven states for Asian populations. There was no disproportionate impact in the white population in any state.ConclusionsThere are racial/ethnic disparities in COVID-19 infection/mortality, with distinct state-wise patterns across the USA based on racial/ethnic composition. There were missing and inconsistently reported racial/ethnic data in many states. This underscores the need for standardised reporting, attention to specific regional patterns, adequate resource allocation and addressing the underlying social determinants of health adversely affecting chronically marginalised groups.

scholarly journals The Bridging Activity of Multiracial Congregations

Religions ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 204
Author(s):  
Edward Polson ◽  
Rachel Gillespie
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Social Trust ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
Religious Congregations ◽  
Bridging Social Capital ◽  
Service Programs ◽  
Multiracial Congregations ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Racial Ethnic

The growing diversity of U.S. communities has led scholars to explore how racial/ethnic diversity effects social capital, civic engagement, and social trust. Less is known about the relationship between diversity and the work of community-based organizations (CBOs). In this study, we examine how the racial/ethnic composition of one ubiquitous type of CBO, religious congregations, is related to measures of organizational bridging social capital. Analyzing data collected through a census of congregations in one Midwestern county, we explore the relationship between racial/ethnic diversity and the bridging activity of religious congregations. We find that multiracial congregations are more likely to be involved with externally focused service programs, tend to support a larger number of programs, and report more interorganizational collaborators than other congregations. Our findings suggest that multiracial congregations can provide a valuable resource for increasingly diverse communities and civil society.

Psychotherapy racial/ethnic disparities in treatment outcomes: The role of university racial/ethnic composition.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse Owen ◽  
Jeremy Coleman ◽  
Joanna M. Drinane ◽  
Karen Tao ◽  
Zac Imel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
Racial Ethnic

scholarly journals New Measures Assessing Predictors of Academic Persistence for Historically Underrepresented Racial/Ethnic Undergraduates in Science

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. ar32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Byars-Winston ◽  
Jenna Rogers ◽  
Janet Branchaw ◽  
Christine Pribbenow ◽  
Ryan Hanke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Outcome Expectations ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Internal Reliability ◽  
Black African ◽  
Broadening Participation ◽  
Racial Ethnic

An important step in broadening participation of historically underrepresented (HU) racial/ethnic groups in the sciences is the creation of measures validated with these groups that will allow for greater confidence in the results of investigations into factors that predict their persistence. This study introduces new measures of theoretically derived factors emanating from social cognitive and social identity theories associated with persistence for HU racial/ethnic groups in science disciplines. The purpose of this study was to investigate: 1) the internal reliability and factor analyses for measures of research-related self-efficacy beliefs, sources of self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and science identity; and 2) potential group differences in responses to the measures, examining the main and interaction effects of gender and race/ethnicity. Survey data came from a national sample of 688 undergraduate students in science majors who were primarily black/African American and Hispanic/Latino/a with a 2:1 ratio of females to males. Analyses yielded acceptable validity statistics and race × gender group differences were observed in mean responses to several measures. Implications for broadening participation of HU groups in the sciences are discussed regarding future tests of predictive models of student persistence and training programs to consider cultural diversity factors in their design.

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