scholarly journals Pulmonary functions in car air conditioner users and non-air conditioner users in tertiary care centre, South Tamilnadu, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 3510
Author(s):  
Hoshea Jeba Ruth S. ◽  
Lisha Vincent
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Forced Vital Capacity ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Pulmonary Function Tests ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Air Conditioner ◽  
Air Conditioners ◽  
Function Tests ◽  
Expiratory Flow

Background: Air conditioners are used extensively these days of the modern lifestyle. Inhalation of cold dry air while using Air conditioners causes bronchoconstriction due to which alteration may occur in pulmonary function. This study was aimed to compare the Pulmonary Function tests of Car AC users and non AC users. Methods: The Study included 52 employees not exposed to car air conditioner as a control (group I) and 52 employees exposed to car air conditioner  with minimum exposure of 1 hour per day for 6 months as a subject (group II). Pulmonary function tests were performed using computerised spirometer. Statistical analysis was done by unpaired t test.Results: Age, Height and weight are not statistically significant between study group and control group. Forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 second, Ratio of Forced vital capacity and Forced expiratory volume in 1 second, Inspiratory reserve volume, Expiratory reserve volume, Maximum voluntary ventilation are decreased in car air conditioner users compared to non-users, but was not significant. Forced expiratory flow (FEF), Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) values shows statistically significant decreased in car air conditioner users.Conclusions: The present study shows hyper-responsive airways on exposure to cold air which leads to bronchoconstriction. The significant decrease in PEFR, FEF suggest that upper airways as well as smaller airways are affected on exposure to car AC. So, Exposure to car Air Conditioner leads to risk of developing respiratory dysfunction.

Pulmonary Function Testing Reference Values and Interpretations in Pediatric Training Programs

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 85 (5) ◽  
pp. 768-773
Author(s):  
Edward N. Pattishall
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Forced Vital Capacity ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Pulmonary Function Tests ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Reference Standards ◽  
Forced Expiratory Flow ◽  
Expiratory Flow

A questionnaire was sent to all pediatric training programs to evaluate the use of pulmonary function reference standards and the interpretation of pulmonary function test results. Responses were obtained from 107 of 130 institutions, and 94 of these had pulmonary function laboratories available. Of the 94, 60 used one of three reference standards. The primary reason the reference standards were chosen was either unknown or because they came with the spirometer (24), were recommended by another person or were those used in that person's training (34), or were thought to be the best standards available or most applicable to the population to be tested (31). To define abnormality, most used an 80% predicted cutoff for forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 second, and forced expiratory flow at 25% to 75% vital capacity. For a change in an individual through time, most used a 10% change for forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 second, and forced expiratory flow at 25% to 75% vital capacity. Thirteen used statistical methods to define abnormal individuals and none used statistical methods to define a significant change over time. Although there are a few guidelines for reference standards and interpretations of pulmonary function tests, it appears that most laboratories are not using those guidelines and that further guidelines and education are needed.

Pulmonary function in men after oxygen breathing at 3.0 ATA for 3.5 h

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 878-885 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Clark ◽  
R. M. Jackson ◽  
C. J. Lambertsen ◽  
R. Gelfand ◽  
W. D. Hiller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Forced Vital Capacity ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Large Change ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Diffusing Capacity ◽  
Mild Degree ◽  
Oxygen Breathing ◽  
Multiple Organs ◽  
Expiratory Flow

As a pulmonary component of Predictive Studies V, designed to determine O2 tolerance of multiple organs and systems in humans at 3.0–1.5 ATA, pulmonary function was evaluated at 1.0 ATA in 13 healthy men before and after O2 exposure at 3.0 ATA for 3.5 h. Measurements included flow-volume loops, spirometry, and airway resistance (Raw) (n = 12); CO diffusing capacity (n = 11); closing volumes (n = 6); and air vs. HeO2 forced vital capacity maneuvers (n = 5). Chest discomfort, cough, and dyspnea were experienced during exposure in mild degree by most subjects. Mean forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and forced expiratory flow at 25–75% of vital capacity (FEF25–75) were significantly reduced postexposure by 5.9 and 11.8%, respectively, whereas forced vital capacity was not significantly changed. The average difference in maximum midexpiratory flow rates at 50% vital capacity on air and HeO2 was significantly reduced postexposure by 18%. Raw and CO diffusing capacity were not changed postexposure. The relatively large change in FEF25–75 compared with FEV1, the reduction in density dependence of flow, and the normal Raw postexposure are all consistent with flow limitation in peripheral airways as a major cause of the observed reduction in expiratory flow. Postexposure pulmonary function changes in one subject who convulsed at 3.0 h of exposure are compared with corresponding average changes in 12 subjects who did not convulse.

scholarly journals Effects of exercise on pulmonary function tests: A comparative study between athletes and non-athletes in Nepalese settings

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
N B Mahotra ◽  
T M Amatya ◽  
B SJB Rana ◽  
D Banstola
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Forced Vital Capacity ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Pulmonary Function Tests ◽  
Institute Of Medicine ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pulmonary Functions ◽  
Inspiratory Muscles ◽  
Function Tests

<p> Due to regular exercises, athletes tend to have an increase in pulmonary functions when compared to non exercising individuals, especially when the exercise is strenuous. Intensity and severity of sports engaged in by the athletes determines the extent of strengthening of the inspiratory muscles with a resultant increase in the lung volumes and capacities. Pulmonary parameters like tidal volume and forced vital capacity are significantly higher in athletes than in non athletes. A cross sectional comparative study was carried out in national sports council, Tribhuvan army club and institute of medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal. The athletes were footballers from Tribhuvan army club and sprinters from national sports council. The non-athletes were medical students from the institute of medicine, Kathmandu. Data were collected after performing spirometry and mean values were compared between athletes and non-athletes. Pulmonary functions were assessed based on forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) expressed as percent predicted for the age, sex, height, weight and race. Spirometry was performed in 169 subjects, out of which 84 were athletes and 85 were non-athletes. Athletes had a significantly superior FVC (P =0.00) compared to non-athletes. FEV1 was also recorded significantly higher in athletes than in non-athletes (P=0.023). Athletes have better pulmonary function tests than non-athletes because exercise in athletes strengthens the muscles of respiration. </p>

In-brace alterations of pulmonary functions in adolescents wearing a brace for idiopathic scoliosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 434-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gozde Yagci ◽  
Gokhan Demirkiran ◽  
Yavuz Yakut
Keyword(s):  
Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Peak Expiratory Flow ◽  
Forced Vital Capacity ◽  
Respiratory Muscle ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Pulmonary Functions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Expiratory Flow

Background:Despite the common use of braces to prevent curve progression in idiopathic scoliosis, their functional effects on respiratory mechanics have not been widely studied.Objective:The objective was to determine the effects of bracing on pulmonary function in idiopathic scoliosis.Methods:A total of 27 adolescents with a mean age of 14.5 ± 1.5 years and idiopathic scoliosis were included in the study. Pulmonary function evaluation included vital capacity, forced expiratory volume, forced vital capacity, maximum ventilator volume, peak expiratory flow, and respiratory muscle strengths, measured with a spirometer, and patient-reported degree of dyspnea. The tests were performed once prior to bracing and at 1 month after bracing (while the patients wore the brace).Results:Compared with the unbraced condition, vital capacity, forced expiratory volume, forced vital capacity, maximum ventilator volume, and peak expiratory flow values decreased and dyspnea increased in the braced condition. Respiratory muscle strength was under the norm in both unbraced and braced conditions, while no significant difference was found for these parameters between the two conditions.Conclusion:The spinal brace for idiopathic scoliosis tended to reduce pulmonary functions and increase dyspnea symptoms (when wearing a brace) in this study. Special attention should be paid in-brace effects on pulmonary functions in idiopathic scoliosis.Clinical relevanceBracing seems to mimic restrictive pulmonary disease, although there is no actual disease when the brace is removed. This study suggests that bracing may result in a deterioration of pulmonary function when adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis are wearing a brace.

Relative Sensitivity of Different Pulmonary Function Tests in the Evaluation of Exercise-Induced Asthma

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 56 (5s) ◽  
pp. 860-867
Author(s):  
Gerd J. A. Cropp ◽  
I. J. Schmultzler
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Pulmonary Function Tests ◽  
Relative Sensitivity ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Small Airway ◽  
Function Tests ◽  
Expiratory Flow ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Small Airway Obstruction

Sixty asthmatic children were exercised on a bicycle ergometer and had pulmonary function tests performed before and repeatedly after exercise. Pulmonary function measurements included airway resistance (Raw), specific airway conductance (SGaw) functional residual capacity (FRC), peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), maximum mid-expiratory flow (MMEF), forced expiratory volume during first second of expiration (FEV1), and forced vital capacity (FVC). At any one time during the post-exercise observation period decreases in SGaw were greater than changes in any other pulmonary function test, making SGaw the most sensitive test for the detection. of exercise-induced airway obstruction in asthmatics. Beyond five minutes after exercise PEFR and MMEF were reduced by exercise approximately equally, but somewhat less often and less markedly than SGaw. Exercise-induced reductions in FEV1 were less marked and less frequent than decreases in PEFR and MMEF, and reductions in FVC were the least severe and least often observed abnormality. Decreases in SGaw were significantly, but not linearly correlated with decreases in PEFR, MMEF, FEV1,, FVC, and FEV1/FVC. There were statistically significant linear correlations between exercise-induced increases in FRC and decreases in FVC and between increases in Raw and FRC. If we accept that increases in Raw and FRC indicate increases in large and small airway obstruction respectively, exercise-induced decreases in FVC may indirectly suggest acute hyperinflation and thus small airway obstruction. Although the positive correlation between Raw and FRC indicated that both large and small airway obstruction developed after exercise in many of our asthmatics, increases in Raw were usually greater than increases in FRC, suggesting that large airway obstruction tends to be greater than small airway obstruction in exercise-induced asthma.

Incidence of Exercise-Induced Asthma in Children

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 56 (5s) ◽  
pp. 847-850
Author(s):  
C. Warren Bierman ◽  
Isamu Kawabori ◽  
William E. Pierson
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Forced Vital Capacity ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Pulmonary Function Tests ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Running Exercise ◽  
Airway Function ◽  
Free Running ◽  
Asthma In Children ◽  
Exercise Induced

The incidence of exercise-induced asthma (EIA) was studied in 134 asthmatic, 102 nonasthmatic atopic, and 56 nonatopic children. Pulmonary function tests measuring forced vital capacity (FVC) and one-second forced expiratory volume (FEV1) were performed on each child prior to and serially for 20 minutes following free running exercise. The incidence of EIA among the asthmatic and atopic nonasthmatic children was 63% and 41% respectively, and 7% among control subjects. Airway function was studied prior to and after a standardized free running exercise test. Forty-one percent of the nonasthmatic and 63% of the asthmatic atopic children had a significant decrease in airway function as compared to 5% of the nonallergic subjects.

Features of the immunological profile in various phenotypes of occupational bronchial asthma

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
S.A. Babanov ◽  
A. G. Baykova
Keyword(s):  
Forced Vital Capacity ◽  
Occupational Asthma ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Pulmonary Function Tests ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Fibrinogen Concentration ◽  
Expiratory Flow

Introduction. Occupational asthma is a complex and heterogeneous disease. Development of personalized treatment and prevention tactics becomes feasible due to phenotyping, which means identifying of markers to combine cases of occupational asthma with similar manifestations (clinical, instrumental, laboratory) and prognosis to phenotypes. The study aims to determination and comparative analysis of spirographic and immunological parameters for different phenotypes of occupational asthma. Materials and methods. In this study, we included 170 patients with different phenotypes of occupational asthma and 50 participants in control group. The spirographic examination was performed using computer spirograph with determination of the following parameters: forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume during the first second (FEV1), Tiffeneau-Pinelli index (FEV1/FVC), peak expiratory flow (PEF), maximal expiratory flow at 75 %, 50 %, 25 % of the forced vital capacity (MEF75 %VC, MEF50 %VC, MEF25 %VC). Quantification of the immunoglobulins IgA, IgM, and IgG in human serum was conducted by Mancini method; levels of IgE, C-reactive protein and fibronectin were determined using a solid-phase enzyme immunoassay. Fibrinogen concentration in plasma was measured by an automatic coagulometer. Haptoglobin concentration in serum was determined by spectrophotometry. Results. According to spirometry and laboratory results obtained, there is a strong evidence, that the phenotype «occupational asthma — occupational chronic obstructive pulmonary disease» has the lowest values in pulmonary function tests and the most significant changes in immunoglobulins, fibronectin and acute phase proteins levels among other studied phenotypes of occupational asthma.

Clinical and immunological features and prognosis of different phenotypes of occupational asthma

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (7) ◽  
pp. 436-441
Author(s):  
Sergey A. Babanov ◽  
Leonid A. Strizhakov ◽  
Antonina G. Baikova ◽  
Darya S. Budash ◽  
Anna S. Agarkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Phase ◽  
Forced Vital Capacity ◽  
Occupational Asthma ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Pulmonary Function Tests ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fibrinogen Concentration ◽  
Immunological Parameters ◽  
Expiratory Flow

Introduction. Occupational asthma is a complex and heterogeneous disease. Development of personalized treatment and prevention tactics becomes feasible due to phenotyping, which means identifying of markers to combine cases of occupational asthma with similar manifestations (clinical, instrumental, laboratory) and prognosis to phenotypes. The study aims to determination and comparative analysis of spirographic and immunological parameters for different phenotypes of occupational asthma. Materials and methods. In this study, we included 170 patients with different phenotypes of occupational asthma and 50 participants in control group. The spirographic examination was performed using computer spirograph with determination of the following parameters: forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume during the first second (FEV1), Tiffeneau-Pinelli index (FEV1/FVC), peak expiratory flow (PEF), maximal expiratory flow at 75%, 50%, 25% of the forced vital capacity (MEF75%VC, MEF50%VC, MEF25%VC). Quantification of the immunoglobulins IgA, IgM, and IgG in human serum was conducted by Mancini method; levels of IgE, C-reactive protein and fibronectin were determined using a solid-phase enzyme immunoassay. Fibrinogen concentration in plasma was measured by an automatic coagulometer. Haptoglobin concentration in serum was determined by spectrophotometry. Results. According to spirometry and laboratory results obtained, there is a strong evidence, that the phenotype "occupational asthma - occupational chronic obstructive pulmonary disease" has the lowest values in pulmonary function tests and the most significant changes in immunoglobulins, fibronectin and acute phase proteins levels among other studied phenotypes of occupational asthma. Conclusions. Dynamic determination of spirometric, immunological parameters, fibronectin and proteins of the acute phase of inflammation in workers at risk for the formation of occupational bronchial asthma may be recommended to be carried out once every 6 months, followed by the isolation of disease phenotypes. This will optimize diagnostics, therapeutic and preventive tactics, as well as predict the course of this pathology.

scholarly journals Effects of exercise on pulmonary function tests: A comparative study between athletes and non-athletes in Nepalese settings

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-23
Author(s):  
N B Mahotra ◽  
T M Amatya ◽  
B SJB Rana ◽  
D Banstola
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Forced Vital Capacity ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Pulmonary Function Tests ◽  
Institute Of Medicine ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pulmonary Functions ◽  
Inspiratory Muscles ◽  
Function Tests

 Due to regular exercises, athletes tend to have an increase in pulmonary functions when compared to non exercising individuals, especially when the exercise is strenuous. Intensity and severity of sports engaged in by the athletes determines the extent of strengthening of the inspiratory muscles with a resultant increase in the lung volumes and capacities. Pulmonary parameters like tidal volume and forced vital capacity are significantly higher in athletes than in non athletes. A cross sectional comparative study was carried out in national sports council, Tribhuvan army club and institute of medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal. The athletes were footballers from Tribhuvan army club and sprinters from national sports council. The non-athletes were medical students from the institute of medicine, Kathmandu. Data were collected after performing spirometry and mean values were compared between athletes and non-athletes. Pulmonary functions were assessed based on forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) expressed as percent predicted for the age, sex, height, weight and race. Spirometry was performed in 169 subjects, out of which 84 were athletes and 85 were non-athletes. Athletes had a significantly superior FVC (P =0.00) compared to non-athletes. FEV1 was also recorded significantly higher in athletes than in non-athletes (P=0.023). Athletes have better pulmonary function tests than non-athletes because exercise in athletes strengthens the muscles of respiration. 

scholarly journals Effects of PM2.5 on Cardio-Pulmonary Function Injury in Open Manganese Mine Workers

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanni Huang ◽  
Mian Bao ◽  
Jiefeng Xiao ◽  
Zhaolong Qiu ◽  
Kusheng Wu
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Forced Vital Capacity ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Forced Expiratory Flow ◽  
Pm2.5 Exposure ◽  
Expiratory Flow

Exposure to fine particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) is associated with adverse health effects, varying by its components. The health-related effects of PM2.5 exposure from ore mining may be different from those of environment pollution. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different concentrations of PM2.5 exposure on the cardio-pulmonary function of manganese mining workers. A total of 280 dust-exposed workers who were involved in different types of work in an open-pit manganese mine were randomly selected. According to the different concentrations of PM2.5 in the working environment, the workers were divided into an exposed group and a control group. The electrocardiogram, blood pressure, and multiple lung function parameters of the two groups were measured and analyzed. The PM2.5 exposed group had significantly lower values in the pulmonary function indexes of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1.0), maximum mid expiratory flow (MMEF), peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), percentage of peak expiratory flow out of the overall expiratory flow volume (PEFR%), forced expiratory flow at 25% and 75% of forced vital capacity (FEF 25, FEF75), forced expiratory flow when 25%, 50%, and 75% of forced vital capacity has been exhaled (FEF25%,FEF50%, FEF75%), and FEV1.0/FVC% (the percentage of the predicted value of forced vital capacity) than the control group (all p < 0.05). Both groups had mild or moderate lung injury, most of which was restrictive ventilatory disorder, and there was significant difference in the prevalence rate of restrictive respiratory dysfunction between the two groups (41.4% vs. 23.6%, p = 0.016). Electrocardiogram (ECG) abnormalities, especially sinus bradycardia, were shown in both groups, but there was no statistical difference of the prevalence rate between the two groups (p > 0.05). Also, no significant difference of the prevalence rate of hypertension was observed between the PM2.5 exposure and control groups (p > 0.05). PM2.5 exposure was associated with pulmonary function damage of the workers in the open-pit manganese mine, and the major injury was restrictive ventilatory disorder. The early effect of PM2.5 exposure on the cardiovascular system was uncertain at current exposure levels and exposure time.

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