scholarly journals Effects of PM2.5 on Cardio-Pulmonary Function Injury in Open Manganese Mine Workers

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanni Huang ◽  
Mian Bao ◽  
Jiefeng Xiao ◽  
Zhaolong Qiu ◽  
Kusheng Wu
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Forced Vital Capacity ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Forced Expiratory Flow ◽  
Pm2.5 Exposure ◽  
Expiratory Flow

Exposure to fine particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) is associated with adverse health effects, varying by its components. The health-related effects of PM2.5 exposure from ore mining may be different from those of environment pollution. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different concentrations of PM2.5 exposure on the cardio-pulmonary function of manganese mining workers. A total of 280 dust-exposed workers who were involved in different types of work in an open-pit manganese mine were randomly selected. According to the different concentrations of PM2.5 in the working environment, the workers were divided into an exposed group and a control group. The electrocardiogram, blood pressure, and multiple lung function parameters of the two groups were measured and analyzed. The PM2.5 exposed group had significantly lower values in the pulmonary function indexes of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1.0), maximum mid expiratory flow (MMEF), peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), percentage of peak expiratory flow out of the overall expiratory flow volume (PEFR%), forced expiratory flow at 25% and 75% of forced vital capacity (FEF 25, FEF75), forced expiratory flow when 25%, 50%, and 75% of forced vital capacity has been exhaled (FEF25%,FEF50%, FEF75%), and FEV1.0/FVC% (the percentage of the predicted value of forced vital capacity) than the control group (all p < 0.05). Both groups had mild or moderate lung injury, most of which was restrictive ventilatory disorder, and there was significant difference in the prevalence rate of restrictive respiratory dysfunction between the two groups (41.4% vs. 23.6%, p = 0.016). Electrocardiogram (ECG) abnormalities, especially sinus bradycardia, were shown in both groups, but there was no statistical difference of the prevalence rate between the two groups (p > 0.05). Also, no significant difference of the prevalence rate of hypertension was observed between the PM2.5 exposure and control groups (p > 0.05). PM2.5 exposure was associated with pulmonary function damage of the workers in the open-pit manganese mine, and the major injury was restrictive ventilatory disorder. The early effect of PM2.5 exposure on the cardiovascular system was uncertain at current exposure levels and exposure time.

In-brace alterations of pulmonary functions in adolescents wearing a brace for idiopathic scoliosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 434-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gozde Yagci ◽  
Gokhan Demirkiran ◽  
Yavuz Yakut
Keyword(s):  
Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Peak Expiratory Flow ◽  
Forced Vital Capacity ◽  
Respiratory Muscle ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Pulmonary Functions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Expiratory Flow

Background:Despite the common use of braces to prevent curve progression in idiopathic scoliosis, their functional effects on respiratory mechanics have not been widely studied.Objective:The objective was to determine the effects of bracing on pulmonary function in idiopathic scoliosis.Methods:A total of 27 adolescents with a mean age of 14.5 ± 1.5 years and idiopathic scoliosis were included in the study. Pulmonary function evaluation included vital capacity, forced expiratory volume, forced vital capacity, maximum ventilator volume, peak expiratory flow, and respiratory muscle strengths, measured with a spirometer, and patient-reported degree of dyspnea. The tests were performed once prior to bracing and at 1 month after bracing (while the patients wore the brace).Results:Compared with the unbraced condition, vital capacity, forced expiratory volume, forced vital capacity, maximum ventilator volume, and peak expiratory flow values decreased and dyspnea increased in the braced condition. Respiratory muscle strength was under the norm in both unbraced and braced conditions, while no significant difference was found for these parameters between the two conditions.Conclusion:The spinal brace for idiopathic scoliosis tended to reduce pulmonary functions and increase dyspnea symptoms (when wearing a brace) in this study. Special attention should be paid in-brace effects on pulmonary functions in idiopathic scoliosis.Clinical relevanceBracing seems to mimic restrictive pulmonary disease, although there is no actual disease when the brace is removed. This study suggests that bracing may result in a deterioration of pulmonary function when adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis are wearing a brace.

scholarly journals Pulmonary functions in car air conditioner users and non-air conditioner users in tertiary care centre, South Tamilnadu, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 3510
Author(s):  
Hoshea Jeba Ruth S. ◽  
Lisha Vincent
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Forced Vital Capacity ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Pulmonary Function Tests ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Air Conditioner ◽  
Air Conditioners ◽  
Function Tests ◽  
Expiratory Flow

Background: Air conditioners are used extensively these days of the modern lifestyle. Inhalation of cold dry air while using Air conditioners causes bronchoconstriction due to which alteration may occur in pulmonary function. This study was aimed to compare the Pulmonary Function tests of Car AC users and non AC users. Methods: The Study included 52 employees not exposed to car air conditioner as a control (group I) and 52 employees exposed to car air conditioner  with minimum exposure of 1 hour per day for 6 months as a subject (group II). Pulmonary function tests were performed using computerised spirometer. Statistical analysis was done by unpaired t test.Results: Age, Height and weight are not statistically significant between study group and control group. Forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 second, Ratio of Forced vital capacity and Forced expiratory volume in 1 second, Inspiratory reserve volume, Expiratory reserve volume, Maximum voluntary ventilation are decreased in car air conditioner users compared to non-users, but was not significant. Forced expiratory flow (FEF), Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) values shows statistically significant decreased in car air conditioner users.Conclusions: The present study shows hyper-responsive airways on exposure to cold air which leads to bronchoconstriction. The significant decrease in PEFR, FEF suggest that upper airways as well as smaller airways are affected on exposure to car AC. So, Exposure to car Air Conditioner leads to risk of developing respiratory dysfunction.

Pulmonary Function Testing Reference Values and Interpretations in Pediatric Training Programs

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 85 (5) ◽  
pp. 768-773
Author(s):  
Edward N. Pattishall
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Forced Vital Capacity ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Pulmonary Function Tests ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Reference Standards ◽  
Forced Expiratory Flow ◽  
Expiratory Flow

A questionnaire was sent to all pediatric training programs to evaluate the use of pulmonary function reference standards and the interpretation of pulmonary function test results. Responses were obtained from 107 of 130 institutions, and 94 of these had pulmonary function laboratories available. Of the 94, 60 used one of three reference standards. The primary reason the reference standards were chosen was either unknown or because they came with the spirometer (24), were recommended by another person or were those used in that person's training (34), or were thought to be the best standards available or most applicable to the population to be tested (31). To define abnormality, most used an 80% predicted cutoff for forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 second, and forced expiratory flow at 25% to 75% vital capacity. For a change in an individual through time, most used a 10% change for forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 second, and forced expiratory flow at 25% to 75% vital capacity. Thirteen used statistical methods to define abnormal individuals and none used statistical methods to define a significant change over time. Although there are a few guidelines for reference standards and interpretations of pulmonary function tests, it appears that most laboratories are not using those guidelines and that further guidelines and education are needed.

Pulmonary function in men after oxygen breathing at 3.0 ATA for 3.5 h

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 878-885 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Clark ◽  
R. M. Jackson ◽  
C. J. Lambertsen ◽  
R. Gelfand ◽  
W. D. Hiller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Forced Vital Capacity ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Large Change ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Diffusing Capacity ◽  
Mild Degree ◽  
Oxygen Breathing ◽  
Multiple Organs ◽  
Expiratory Flow

As a pulmonary component of Predictive Studies V, designed to determine O2 tolerance of multiple organs and systems in humans at 3.0–1.5 ATA, pulmonary function was evaluated at 1.0 ATA in 13 healthy men before and after O2 exposure at 3.0 ATA for 3.5 h. Measurements included flow-volume loops, spirometry, and airway resistance (Raw) (n = 12); CO diffusing capacity (n = 11); closing volumes (n = 6); and air vs. HeO2 forced vital capacity maneuvers (n = 5). Chest discomfort, cough, and dyspnea were experienced during exposure in mild degree by most subjects. Mean forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and forced expiratory flow at 25–75% of vital capacity (FEF25–75) were significantly reduced postexposure by 5.9 and 11.8%, respectively, whereas forced vital capacity was not significantly changed. The average difference in maximum midexpiratory flow rates at 50% vital capacity on air and HeO2 was significantly reduced postexposure by 18%. Raw and CO diffusing capacity were not changed postexposure. The relatively large change in FEF25–75 compared with FEV1, the reduction in density dependence of flow, and the normal Raw postexposure are all consistent with flow limitation in peripheral airways as a major cause of the observed reduction in expiratory flow. Postexposure pulmonary function changes in one subject who convulsed at 3.0 h of exposure are compared with corresponding average changes in 12 subjects who did not convulse.

scholarly journals Are preterm-born survivors at risk of long-term respiratory disease?

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 277-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Kaczmarczyk ◽  
Ida Wiszomirska ◽  
Magdalena Szturmowicz ◽  
Andrzej Magiera ◽  
Michalina Błażkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Forced Vital Capacity ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Expiratory Flow ◽  
Preterm Born

Background: To evaluate the long-term impact of preterm birth on respiratory function in female patients born preterm, we undertook spirometric examinations twice, as they reached the age of puberty, then follow-up examinations of part of the same cohort in adulthood. We sought evidence that preterm birth is correlated with poorer spirometric results into adulthood. Methods: A total of 70 girls (aged 12.2 ± 1.5 years in 1997) who had been born preterm (at 34.7 ± 1.86 weeks, none having experienced bronchopulmonary dysplasia) took part in spriometric examinations in 1997 and again in 1998. Of those, after a gap of 17 years, a group of 12 were successfully recontacted and participated in the 2015 examination as adults (then aged 27.6 ± 2.6 years, born at 34.5 ± 1.92 weeks). We compared spirometric results across the adolescent and adult examinations, and compared the adult results with an adult reference group. Results: The percentage values of FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in 1 s), FVC (forced vital capacity) and MVV (maximal voluntary ventilation) showed significant improvement between the two examinations in the early adolescent period. In adulthood, FEV1%pred (percentage predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s) showed no statistically significant difference. The mean values of both FVC and FVC%pred (percentage predicted forced vital capacity) for the preterm-born group were lower than for the reference group, but this was not statistically significant. The preterm-born group showed lower values of such parameters as forced expiratory flow at 25–75% of FVC, MEF25 (maximal expiratory flow at 25% of forced vital capacity) and FEV1/FVC as compared with the reference group, but again without statistical significance. Conclusions: (1) A somewhat below-norm level of respiratory parameters among preterm-born girls entering pubescence may attest to continued negative impact on their respiratory system. (2) A significant improvement in their spirometric results 1 year later may indicate that pubescence helps compensate for the earlier negative effect of preterm birth. (3) No significant differences were seen in lung function in preterm-born adults as compared with a reference group of adults, although the preterm-born group did exhibit lower values of all parameters studied and more frequent obstructive disorders.

scholarly journals Comparison of Diaphragmatic Breathing Exercise, Volume and Flow Incentive Spirometry, on Diaphragm Excursion and Pulmonary Function in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gopala Krishna Alaparthi ◽  
Alfred Joseph Augustine ◽  
R. Anand ◽  
Ajith Mahale
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Surgery ◽  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Forced Vital Capacity ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diaphragmatic Breathing ◽  
Breathing Exercise ◽  
Breathing Exercises ◽  
Incentive Spirometry

Objective.To evaluate the effects of diaphragmatic breathing exercises and flow and volume-oriented incentive spirometry on pulmonary function and diaphragm excursion in patients undergoing laparoscopic abdominal surgery.Methodology.We selected 260 patients posted for laparoscopic abdominal surgery and they were block randomization as follows: 65 patients performed diaphragmatic breathing exercises, 65 patients performed flow incentive spirometry, 65 patients performed volume incentive spirometry, and 65 patients participated as a control group. All of them underwent evaluation of pulmonary function with measurement of Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), Forced Expiratory Volume in the first second (FEV1), Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR), and diaphragm excursion measurement by ultrasonography before the operation and on the first and second postoperative days. With the level of significance set atp<0.05.Results.Pulmonary function and diaphragm excursion showed a significant decrease on the first postoperative day in all four groups (p<0.001) but was evident more in the control group than in the experimental groups. On the second postoperative day pulmonary function (Forced Vital Capacity) and diaphragm excursion were found to be better preserved in volume incentive spirometry and diaphragmatic breathing exercise group than in the flow incentive spirometry group and the control group. Pulmonary function (Forced Vital Capacity) and diaphragm excursion showed statistically significant differences between volume incentive spirometry and diaphragmatic breathing exercise group (p<0.05) as compared to that flow incentive spirometry group and the control group.Conclusion. Volume incentive spirometry and diaphragmatic breathing exercise can be recommended as an intervention for all patients pre- and postoperatively, over flow-oriented incentive spirometry for the generation and sustenance of pulmonary function and diaphragm excursion in the management of laparoscopic abdominal surgery.

scholarly journals Small Airway Dysfunction in Cough Variant Asthma: Prevalence, Clinical, and Pathophysiological Features

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Yi ◽  
Ziyu Jiang ◽  
Hu Li ◽  
Chunxing Guo ◽  
Hankun Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Airway Inflammation ◽  
Forced Vital Capacity ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Small Airway ◽  
Asthma Prevalence ◽  
Cough Variant Asthma ◽  
Forced Expiratory Flow ◽  
Sputum Eosinophils ◽  
Expiratory Flow

Introduction: Small airway dysfunction (SAD) commonly presents in patients with classic asthma, which is associated with airway inflammation, disease severity, and asthma control. However, the prevalence of SAD, its relationship with cough severity and airway inflammation, and its development after antiasthmatic treatment in patients with cough variant asthma (CVA) need to be clarified. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of SAD and its relationship with clinical and pathophysiological characteristics in patients with CVA and the change in small airway function after antiasthmatic treatment.Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 120 corticosteroid-naïve patients with CVA who had finished a standard questionnaire and relevant tests in a specialist cough clinic, such as cough visual analog scale (VAS), differential cells in induced sputum, fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) measurement, spirometry, and airway hyper-responsiveness. Information of 1-year follow-up was recorded in a part of patients who received complete cough relief after 2 months of treatment. SAD was defined as any two parameters of maximal mid-expiratory flow (MMEF)% pred, forced expiratory flow at 50% of forced vital capacity (FEF50%) pred, and forced expiratory flow at 75% of forced vital capacity (FEF75%) pred measuring &lt;65%.Results: SAD occurred in 73 (60.8%) patients with CVA before treatment. The patients with SAD showed a significantly longer cough duration (24.0 vs. 6.0, p = 0.031), a higher proportion of women (78.1 vs. 59.6%, p = 0.029), older mean age (41.9 vs. 35.4, p = 0.005), and significantly lower forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1%) pred, FEV1/FVC, MMEF% pred, FEF50% pred, FEF75% pred, PEF% pred, and PD20 (all p &lt; 0.01) as compared with patients without SAD. There were no significant differences in cough VAS, sputum eosinophils count, FeNO, and TIgE level between patients with SAD and those without SAD. Among 105 patients who completed 2 months of antiasthmatic treatment and repeatedly experienced spirometry measurement, 57 (54.3%) patients still had SAD, despite a significant improvement in cough VAS, sputum eosinophils, FeNO, FEF50% pred, and PEF% pred (all p &lt; 0.01). As compared with patients without SAD, patients with SAD showed no significant differences in the relapse rate (50.0 vs. 41.9%, p = 0.483) and wheeze development rate (10.4 vs. 0%, p = 0.063) during the follow-up.Conclusions: Small airway dysfunction occurred in over half of patients with CVA and persisted after short-term antiasthmatic treatment, which showed distinctive clinical and pathophysiological features.

scholarly journals Forced vital capacity (FVC), peaked expiratory flow rate (PEFR), are additional parameters in the assessment of the reversibility test.

2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-27
Author(s):  
Mustafa N. Abd Ali ◽  
Ahmed H. Jasim ◽  
Abdulrasool N. Nassr ◽  
Monqith A. Kaddish
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Forced Vital Capacity ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Expiratory Flow

Background: Spirometry is an important test performed in patients expect to have airway obstruction, assessment of intense reaction to inhalers (the trial of reversibility of airway blockade) is a normally utilized technique in clinical and academic studies. The consequences of this test are utilized to take choices on treatment, consideration, exclusion from diagnosis and other research think about, and for analytic marking [asthma versus chronic obstructive airway disease (COPD)]. Usually, the (FEV1) or (FVC) standards before and after giving of the bronchodilator are compared and the adjustment is processed to distinguish variations from the norm in lung volumes and air flow.Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of FVC and PEFR as further constraints to evaluate bronchodilator reaction in asthmatic peoples with severe or moderate airflow blockade.Patients and methods: This study is cross sectional study performed in Baghdad teaching hospital where one hundred patient were enrolled in this study patients were detected with asthma and confirm airway blockade according to (GINA) guide lines. The pulmonary function for all members was investigated with a convenient spirometer (spiro-lab3 Spirometer) as stated by those measures from claiming American thoracic particular social order, The mean and standard deviation results of the predicted% values pulmonary function test were also used for comparisons were measured by t-test. A p-value of ≤ 0.05 considered to be significant statistically.Results: The post bronchodilator (post –BD) results of FVC, PEFR are greater than pre- bronchodilator where are statistically significant P value = 0.00. the amount of the changes of FVC post (BD) was more than 400ml from pre (BD) and the amount of the changes of PEFR post (BD) more than 1000ml from the pre (BD) both were p-value = 0.00.Conclusion: The asthmatic patients with moderate and severe airway obstruction, we observed that FVC and PEFR is a valuable important limit to FEV1 to evaluate reversibility reactionKeyword: forced vital capacity(FVC), peaked expiratory flow rate (PEFR), spirometry and forced expiratory volume in 1st second (FEV1). السعة الحيويه القصوى ومعدل الجريان الزفيري الاعلى وصفات اضافية في تقييم اختبار المعاكسه القصبيه أ.د. مصطفى نعمه عبد علي  احمد حسين جاسم عبد الرسول نوري نصر منقذ عبد المحسن كاظم  الخلاصه : خلفية البحث : ان جهاز قياس التنفس هو وسيله لقياس تضيق المجاري الهوائية ومدى استجابتها لموسع القصبات عند التشخيص للحالات السريريه , وفي تحديد نوع العلاج , وفي التمييز بين الربو القصبي وانسداد القصبات المزمن . في هذا البحث تم قياس السعة الحيويه القصوى والحجم الزفيري الاعلى في الثانيه وذلك قبل وبعد اعطاء موسع القصبات وقياس الفرق في الحالات الطبيعيه لحجوم الرئه وجريان الهواء فيها . هدف البحث : استخدام عنصر السعة الحيويه القصوى وعنصر معدل الجريان الزفيري الاعلى كعوامل اضافية لتقييم اختبار توسع القصبات في مرضىالربو القصبي ذوي تضيق القصبات المتوسط والشديد. المرضى وطرق العمل:اجريت دراسه مقطعيه في مستشفى بغداد التعليمي على 100 مريض يعانون من الربو مع تضيق المجاري الهوائية حسب التصنيف العالمي (GINA) , وقد اجريت لهم وظائف الرئه  . تم استخدام اختبار - testt و    p – value على مستوى معنويه اقل او يساوي 0.05. النتائج : اظهرت نتائج السعة الحيويه ومعدل الجريان الزفيري الاعلى بعد اعطاء موسع القصبات هي اكبر من قبل اعطائه مع قيمة p- value  تساوي صفر .كما ان معدل التغيير للسعة الحيويه بعد اعطاء موسع القصبات كانت اكثر من 400ml من قبل اعطاء موسع القصبات . وقد بلغ  معدل التغيير في الجريان  الزفيري الاعلى بعد اعطاء موسع القصبات اكثر من 1000ml بالمقارنة ما قبل اعطاء موسع القصبات , وكانت p- value تساوي صفر . الاستنتاج : في هذا البحث ,كانت السعة الحيويه القصوى ومعدل الجريان الزفيري الاعلى لمرضى الربو  القصبي ذات قيمه مهمه لدعم الحجم الزفيري الاقصى في الثانية الاولى لتقييم تفاعل المعاكسة  لتوسع القصبات . مفتاح الكلمات : السعه الحيوية القصوى , معدل الجريان الزفيري الاعلى , جهاز قياس التنفس , لحجم الزفيري الاقصى في الثانية الاولى 

scholarly journals Evaluation of lung function among the Indian elite female weightlifters

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 987
Author(s):  
Snehunsu Adhikari ◽  
Adilakshmi Perla ◽  
Suresh Babu Sayana ◽  
Mithilesh K. Tiwari ◽  
Tambi Medabala
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Forced Vital Capacity ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Lung Function Test ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Physiological Adaptation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Health And Disease

Background: Spirometry is an essential tool to evaluate lung function of health and disease. Adaptability of lung and chest among athletes can be assessed by lung function test (LFT). The quest of our study was to evaluate the lung function (LF) of highly trained Indian female weighting athletes, and intended to appraise the adaptation of LF among trained elite athletes.Methods: Top ranked Indian female professional weightlifters (study group, n=6) were recruited for this study. Three out of the six weightlifters were from top ten world ranking of 6th, 7th and 9th. Age matched controls (control group, n=6) were selected for this study. Maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV), vital capacity (VC), forced vital capacity (FVC), percentage of forced expiratory volume in first second (FEV1%) and ratio of forced expiratory volume in first second and forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC%) have been evaluated as per the ATS/ERS guidelines.Results: Statistically higher significant values of VC and FVC were noted in study group, where as other values (MVV, FEV1% and FEV1/FVC%) found no significant difference between two groups.Conclusions: Power, strength and explosiveness of the skeletal muscles are vital domains in weightlifting sport. Weightlifting is such a sport doesn’t require much ventilatory efforts during training as well as competition. This study clueing that physiological adaptation/ improvement of the pulmonary function (PF) depends on the type of the sport being engaged by the athletes.

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