Long-Distance, Multimodal Freight in a Continental Transportation Model

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (44) ◽  
pp. 103-113
Author(s):  
Klaus Noekel ◽  
Ian Williams ◽  
Davide Fiorello
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Channel Model ◽  
Choice Model ◽  
Distribution Channel ◽  
Destination Choice ◽  
Logistic Distribution ◽  
Band Model ◽  
Distribution Centers ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Production And Consumption

This paper proposes a model of long-distance freight traffic that is suitable for transportation models covering very large areas. Three challenges are discussed in turn. First, the geographic distribution of trips not only depends on locations of production and consumption, but also on the choice between alternative logistic distribution chains and the locations of intermediate distribution centers. Second, any stage of the distribution chain may combine several modes into a multi-leg transport. Third, the large scale of the model leads to large zones, implying a significant share of intrazonal traffic. The proposed approach adapts the four-stage model by generalizing destination choice into a distribution channel model and by introducing a mode sequence choice model for multimodal transport. A simplified distance band model is applied to intrazonal traffic.

scholarly journals A hybrid gravity and route choice model to assess vector traffic in large-scale road networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 191858
Author(s):  
S. M. Fischer ◽  
M. Beck ◽  
L.-M. Herborg ◽  
M. A. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Choice Model ◽  
Route Choice ◽  
Gravity Models ◽  
Sampling Effort ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Rigorous Model ◽  
Stochastic Gravity

Human traffic along roads can be a major vector for infectious diseases and invasive species. Though most road traffic is local, a small number of long-distance trips can suffice to move an invasion or disease front forward. Therefore, understanding how many agents travel over long distances and which routes they choose is key to successful management of diseases and invasions. Stochastic gravity models have been used to estimate the distribution of trips between origins and destinations of agents. However, in large-scale systems, it is hard to collect the data required to fit these models, as the number of long-distance travellers is small, and origins and destinations can have multiple access points. Therefore, gravity models often provide only relative measures of the agent flow. Furthermore, gravity models yield no insights into which roads agents use. We resolve these issues by combining a stochastic gravity model with a stochastic route choice model. Our hybrid model can be fitted to survey data collected at roads that are used by many long-distance travellers. This decreases the sampling effort, allows us to obtain absolute predictions of both vector pressure and pathways, and permits rigorous model validation. After introducing our approach in general terms, we demonstrate its benefits by applying it to the potential invasion of zebra and quagga mussels ( Dreissena spp.) to the Canadian province British Columbia. The model yields an R 2 -value of 0.73 for variance-corrected agent counts at survey locations.

scholarly journals A Joint Modeling Analysis of Passengers’ Intercity Travel Destination and Mode Choices in Yangtze River Delta Megaregion of China

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanli Wang ◽  
Bing Wu ◽  
Zhi Dong ◽  
Xin Ye
Keyword(s):  
Yangtze River ◽  
Choice Model ◽  
Mode Choice ◽  
Joint Modeling ◽  
Yangtze River Delta ◽  
River Delta ◽  
Destination Choice ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Travel Destination

Joint destination-mode travel choice models are developed for intercity long-distance travel among sixteen cities in Yangtze River Delta Megaregion of China. The model is developed for all the trips in the sample and also by two different trip purposes, work-related business and personal business trips, to accommodate different time values and attraction factors. A nested logit modeling framework is applied to model trip destination and mode choices in two different levels, where the lower level is a mode choice model and the upper level is a destination choice model. The utility values from various travel modes in the lower level are summarized into a composite utility, which is then specified into the destination choice model as an intercity impedance factor. The model is then applied to predict the change in passenger number from Shanghai to Yangzhou between scenarios with and without high-speed rail service to demonstrate the applicability. It is helpful for understanding and modeling megaregional travel destination and mode choice behaviors in the context of developing country.

scholarly journals Hybrid Metaheuristic-Based Spatial Modeling and Analysis of Logistics Distribution Center

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Maryam Khairunissa ◽  
Hyunsoo Lee
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Mathematical Problem ◽  
Distribution Center ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Location Analysis ◽  
Logistic Distribution ◽  
Distribution Centers ◽  
Accurate Analysis ◽  
Logistics Distribution ◽  
Hybrid Metaheuristic

The location analysis of logistics distribution centers is one of the most critical issues in large-scale supply chains. While a number of algorithms and applications have been provided for this end, comparatively fewer investigations have been made into the integration of geographical information. This study proposes logistic distribution center location analysis that considers current geographic and embedded information gathered from a geographic information system (GIS). After reviewing the GIS, the decision variables and parameters are estimated using spatial analysis. These variables and parameters are utilized during mathematical problem-based analysis stage. While a number of existing algorithms have been proposed, this study applies a hybrid metaheuristic algorithm integrating particle swarm optimization (PSO) and genetic algorithm (GA). Using the proposed method, a more realistic mathematical model is established and solved for accurate analysis of logistics performance. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, Korea Post distribution centers were considered in South Korea. Through tests with several real-world scenarios, it is proven experimentally that the proposed solution is more effective than existing PSO variations.

The Pros and Cons of Using the Change in Destination Choice Logsums as a Practical Measure of User Benefits

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (46) ◽  
pp. 64-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen Villanueva ◽  
Lisa Zorn ◽  
David Ory ◽  
David Vautin
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Choice Model ◽  
Mode Choice ◽  
Consumer Surplus ◽  
Destination Choice ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Travel Time Savings ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
The Difference

The Metropolitan Transportation Commission carries out an extensive project performance assessment in support of regional planning efforts. For the 2017 regional transportation plan, various types of potential transportation investments were evaluated against qualitative and quantitative criteria. The quantitative metric was a benefit–cost ratio, in which a project’s expected annual benefits were compared with the project’s expected annualized cost. To quantify user benefits (one component of the total benefit estimate), agency staff used the difference in Project/No Project destination choice logsums generated by the region’s activity-based travel model. The destination choice models include, as covariates, mode choice logsums, which means the change in destination choice logsums estimates the change in consumer surplus across all destinations and all travel modes. This approach has long been advocated for in academia and was applied by the Federal Transit Administration for evaluating transit investments in the 2000s. This is the first time that it has been fully implemented in a large-scale, multi-modal application that informs investment decisions. This paper discusses the pros and cons of using this approach. The pros include consistency between simulated behavioral changes in the travel model and quantification of benefits, which cannot be achieved using typical measures of benefits such as travel time savings, as well as the ability to map changes in access across the region. The cons include issues related to the form and creation of alternatives in the mode choice model and the difficulty in explaining changes in logsums to non-technical audiences.

Going the Distance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ron Harris
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Family Firms ◽  
Global Trade ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Business Corporation ◽  
Modern Economy ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Silk Route ◽  
Passive Investors

Before the seventeenth century, trade across Eurasia was mostly conducted in short segments along the Silk Route and Indian Ocean. Business was organized in family firms, merchant networks, and state-owned enterprises, and dominated by Chinese, Indian, and Arabic traders. However, around 1600 the first two joint-stock corporations, the English and Dutch East India Companies, were established. This book tells the story of overland and maritime trade without Europeans, of European Cape Route trade without corporations, and of how new, large-scale, and impersonal organizations arose in Europe to control long-distance trade for more than three centuries. It shows that by 1700, the scene and methods for global trade had dramatically changed: Dutch and English merchants shepherded goods directly from China and India to northwestern Europe. To understand this transformation, the book compares the organizational forms used in four major regions: China, India, the Middle East, and Western Europe. The English and Dutch were the last to leap into Eurasian trade, and they innovated in order to compete. They raised capital from passive investors through impersonal stock markets and their joint-stock corporations deployed more capital, ships, and agents to deliver goods from their origins to consumers. The book explores the history behind a cornerstone of the modern economy, and how this organizational revolution contributed to the formation of global trade and the creation of the business corporation as a key factor in Europe's economic rise.

scholarly journals Tourist Mental Health Drives Destination Choice, Marketing, and Matching

2021 ◽  
pp. 004728752110115
Author(s):  
Mary-Ann Cooper ◽  
Ralf Buckley
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Destination Choice ◽  
Destination Marketing ◽  
Health Maintenance ◽  
Nature Tourism ◽  
Tourism Destinations ◽  
Tourism Enterprises ◽  
Health And Well Being

Leisure tourism, including destination choice, can be viewed as an investment in mental health maintenance. Destination marketing measures can thus be analyzed as mental health investment prospectuses, aiming to match tourist desires. A mental health framework is particularly relevant for parks and nature tourism destinations, since the benefits of nature for mental health are strongly established. We test it for one globally iconic destination, using a large-scale qualitative approach, both before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Tourists’ perceptions and choices contain strong mental health and well-being components, derived largely from autonomous information sources, and differing depending on origins. Parks agencies emphasize factual cognitive aspects, but tourism enterprises and destination marketing organizations use affective approaches appealing to tourists’ mental health.

scholarly journals Future Power Train Solutions for Long-Haul Trucks

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2225
Author(s):  
Ralf Peters ◽  
Janos Lucian Breuer ◽  
Maximilian Decker ◽  
Thomas Grube ◽  
Martin Robinius ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Co2 Reduction ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen

Achieving the CO2 reduction targets for 2050 requires extensive measures being undertaken in all sectors. In contrast to energy generation, the transport sector has not yet been able to achieve a substantive reduction in CO2 emissions. Measures for the ever more pressing reduction in CO2 emissions from transportation include the increased use of electric vehicles powered by batteries or fuel cells. The use of fuel cells requires the production of hydrogen and the establishment of a corresponding hydrogen production system and associated infrastructure. Synthetic fuels made using carbon dioxide and sustainably-produced hydrogen can be used in the existing infrastructure and will reach the extant vehicle fleet in the medium term. All three options require a major expansion of the generation capacities for renewable electricity. Moreover, various options for road freight transport with light duty vehicles (LDVs) and heavy duty vehicles (HDVs) are analyzed and compared. In addition to efficiency throughout the entire value chain, well-to-wheel efficiency and also other aspects play an important role in this comparison. These include: (a) the possibility of large-scale energy storage in the sense of so-called ‘sector coupling’, which is offered only by hydrogen and synthetic energy sources; (b) the use of the existing fueling station infrastructure and the applicability of the new technology on the existing fleet; (c) fulfilling the power and range requirements of the long-distance road transport.

scholarly journals Different Scenarios for the National Transmission Grid, Considering the Extensive Use of On-Site Renewable Energy in the Mexican Housing Sector

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 195
Author(s):  
Ivan Oropeza-Perez ◽  
Astrid H Petzold-Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Housing Sector ◽  
Distribution Grid ◽  
Smart Meters ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Distribution Method ◽  
Transmission Grid ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Transmission And Distribution

The Mexican national electricity transmission and distribution grid (SEN, initials in Spanish) is characterized by the high interconnection between its several electricity generation plants and the millions of final consumers throughout the country. This feature, which is seen first as an adequate transmission and distribution method for electricity between producer and consumer, has the inconvenience of being highly complex when renewable energy is introduced into the SEN. The random nature of renewable energy means that coordination between the producer and consumer is difficult; therefore, these energy sources are considered by the Mexican Federal Commission of Electricity (CFE, initials in Spanish) without priority in their generation and distribution. In this document, a solution for this is given by the consideration of on-site photovoltaic production in the Mexican residential sector, setting a straightforward relationship between production and consumption, neglecting the long-distance transmission, and freeing the transmission and distribution through the SEN at certain hours of the day. Different scenarios are studied, considering the level of penetration of this renewable energy technology into the housing sector. In this way, it is found that, if 80% of the total Mexican dwellings hold a photovoltaic roof, in some seasons of the year, a large part the total national demand can be fulfilled by the photovoltaic generation if certain systems—such as bidirectional smart meters—are applied. In this sense, the results show that, if 80% of the Mexican dwellings had a photovoltaic roof, there would be a money saving of 3418 Million USD and a mitigation of 25 million tons CO2e, for 2018. With this, it is concluded that renewable energy in Mexico could provide a much greater share if the electricity is produced in the same place where it will be consumed. This might be possible in Mexico due to the high interconnection of the transmission and distribution grid, which would manage the surplus electricity generation in the dwellings in a proper manner.

Pots on mats: mat-impressed salt-extraction pottery at Chalcolithic Provadia-Solnitsata, Bulgaria

Antiquity ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Mila Andonova ◽  
Vassil Nikolov
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Salt Production ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Late Chalcolithic ◽  
South Eastern Europe ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
The Relationship

Evidence for both basket weaving and salt production is often elusive in the prehistoric archaeological record. An assemblage of Middle–Late Chalcolithic pottery from Provadia-Solnitsata in Bulgaria provides insight into these two different technologies and the relationship between them. The authors analyse sherds from vessels used in large-scale salt production, the bases of which bear the impression of woven mats. This analysis reveals the possible raw materials used in mat weaving at Provadia-Solnitsata and allows interpretation of the role of these mats in salt production at the site. The results illustrate how it is possible to see the ‘invisible’ material culture of prehistoric south-eastern Europe and its importance for production and consumption.

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